Does zinc biofortification affects the antioxidant activity in common bean?

The purpose of this work was to assess the consequence of zinc biofortification on zinc (Zn) content, natural processes of hydrogen peroxide-scavenging enzymes, and biomass production of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under greenhouse conditions. Zn was applied using two forms (ZnSO4 and DTPA-Zn) at four doses of application (0, 25, 50 and 100 μM) added under a hydroponic system, and were tested over a period of 60 days. The Zn content was assessed in seeds, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and hydrogen peroxide production. The results showed that application of low-dose zinc increased concentration in the seed, regardless of the form of application. Respect to antioxidant enzymes, dose of 25 μM of Zn significantly increased activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase. Finally, to raise the Zn concentration in bean under biofortification program was a promising strategy in cropping systems in order to increase the ingestion of iron and antioxidant capacity in the general population and provided the benefits that this element offered in human health

Reconstrucción de rodilla con doble colgajo de gemelo Knee reconstruction with double gemelar muscular flap

Los traumatismos de miembros inferior representan un reto importante para el cirujano plástico en cuanto a su reconstrucción cuando no se dispone de técnicas microquirúrgicas. En el presente trabajo se presentan 2 casos de reconstrucción de rodilla con doble colgajo muscular de gemelo, en los que se demuestra que se pueden utilizar simultáneamente los dos gemelos sin dejar ninguna secuela estética importante ni funcional en la deambulación de los pacientes. Hasta donde podemos conocer, no existe en la literatura nacional ni internacional un reporte de casos con esta aplicación, ya que siempre se ha empelado un solo músculo precisamente por el temor a alterar la función de flexo-extensión del pie.<br>Lower limb traumatism has always been a problem for plastic surgeon when in the moment of the surgical reconstruction we have not microsurgical techniques. In this paper, we present 2 cases of knee reconstruction using a double gemelar muscular flap, showing how is possible the simultaneous use of the two muscles without aesthetic or functional sequels. As we know, there is no national or international report of cases with this muscular reconstruction; it has been usual to use only one muscle, in order to avoid problems in the flexo-extension movements of the foot

Una mirada al principio de legalidad: A partir de la constitucionalización del derecho penal ecuatoriano

This article analyzes the strictly legalistic nature that might have the application of the principle of legality - as stone lens-in the Ecuadorian legal system, and is based a critical position on the due criminal process, from of the constitutionalization of criminal law as a set of guarantees that places limits on the State's punitive power. It is methodologically, carried out under a qualitative approach. The corpus of the research was formed by the literature review and documentary of the legal bodies which concerned the principle of legality from the constitutionalization of the Ecuadorian criminal law. Method of hermeneutics was used for the analysis of the information and results allowed, among their findings explain that from a look at the principle of legality, and from the constitutionalization of the Ecuadorian criminal law, they can be see what are the functions of criminal, criminal, judicial guarantees and implementation of this principle, independientemente of compliance with their other double warranty, both in political terms as legal, essential function which means that is He is the angular stone where all the analyzed State legal system rests.Este artigo descreve o caráter estritamente legalista que pode ter o princípio da legalidade, como a pedra angular no sistema legal equatoriana é analisado, e uma posição crítica sobre o devido processo penal baseia-se, a partir da constitucionalização do direito penal um conjunto de garantias que estabelece limites para o poder punitivo estatal. O mesmo, metodologicamente, foi realizado sob uma abordagem qualitativa. O corpus da investigação foi constituído pela revisão bibliográfica e documental das propriedades jurídicas que remetem ao princípio da legalidade a partir da constitucionalização do direito penal equatoriano. Para obter informações método de análise da hermenêutica que foram utilizados e cujos resultados levaram, entre seus achados explicam que a partir de um olhar sobre o Estado de direito, e da constitucionalização do direito penal equatoriana, você pode ver o que as funções de Garantias são penal, penal, jurisdicional e de execução deste princípio, independentemente do cumprimento de sua outra dupla função essencial de garantia, tanto nos aspectos políticos e legais, o que significa que é a pedra fundamental sobre a qual se baseia todo o sistema legal estadual. Analisados.En este artículo se analiza el carácter estrictamente legalista que podría tener la aplicación del principio de legalidad –como piedra angular– en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano, y se fundamenta una posición crítica sobre el debido proceso penal, a partir de la constitucionalización del derecho penal como un conjunto de garantías que pone límites al poder punitivo estatal. El mismo, metodológicamente, se llevó a cabo bajo un enfoque cualitativo. El corpus de la investigación estuvo constituido por la revisión bibliográfica y documental de los estamentos legales que refieren el principio de legalidad a partir de la constitucionalización del derecho penal ecuatoriano. Para el análisis de la información se   utilizó el método de la hermenéutica y cuyos resultados  permitieron, entre sus conclusiones explicar que desde una mirada al principio de legalidad, y a partir de la constitucionalización del derecho penal ecuatoriano, se pueden observar cuáles son las funciones de garantías criminal, penal, jurisdiccional y de ejecución  de dicho principio, independientemente del cumplimiento de su otra doble función esencial de garantía, tanto en el aspecto político como jurídico, lo que significa que se trata de la piedra angular en donde reposa todo el ordenamiento jurídico estatal analizado

Production and Characterization of Biocomposite Films of Bacterial Cellulose from Kombucha and Coated with Chitosan

The purpose of this research is to produce and characterize bacterial cellulose (BC) films coated with chitosan (BC-CH). BC films were produced in a fermentation medium based on Camellia sinensis tea and dextrose (12 days at 25 °C) and subsequently treated with coating-forming solutions (CFSs) based on chitosan (BC-CH 0.5%, BC-CH 1.0%, and BC-CH 1.5%). As a result, the FTIR spectra of BC and BC-CH 1.5% showed the main characteristic bands of cellulose and chitosan. In the physicochemical characterization of the films, it was found that the incorporation of the chitosan coatings did not affect the thickness; however, it decreased the luminosity (L*) and increased redness (a*), yellowness (b*), and opacity (75.24%). Additionally, the light absorption properties in the UV-Vis range were improved. Furthermore, the application of the CFSs increased: the solubility (64.91%), the antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (6.55 mm) and E. coli (8.25 mm), as well as the antioxidant activity (57.71% and 24.57% free radical scavenging activity), and the content of total phenols (2.45 mg GAE/g). Finally, our results suggest that the BC-CH films developed in the present study show a potential application as active packaging material for food

D-cycloserine in Prelimbic Cortex Reverses Scopolamine-Induced Deficits in Olfactory Memory in Rats

A significant interaction between N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and muscarinic receptors has been suggested in the modulation of learning and memory processes. The present study further investigates this issue and explores whether d-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist at the glycine binding site of the NMDA receptors that has been regarded as a cognitive enhancer, would reverse scopolamine (SCOP)-induced amnesia in two olfactory learning tasks when administered into the prelimbic cortex (PLC). Thus, in experiment 1, DCS (10 µg/site) was infused prior to acquisition of odor discrimination (ODT) and social transmission of food preference (STFP), which have been previously characterized as paradigms sensitive to PLC muscarinic blockade. Immediately after learning such tasks, SCOP was injected (20 µg/site) and the effects of both drugs (alone and combined) were tested in 24-h retention tests. To assess whether DCS effects may depend on the difficulty of the task, in the STFP the rats expressed their food preference either in a standard two-choice test (experiment 1) or a more challenging three-choice test (experiment 2). The results showed that bilateral intra-PLC infusions of SCOP markedly disrupted the ODT and STFP memory tests. Additionally, infusions of DCS alone into the PLC enhanced ODT but not STFP retention. However, the DCS treatment reversed SCOP-induced memory deficits in both tasks, and this effect seemed more apparent in ODT and 3-choice STFP. Such results support the interaction between the glutamatergic and the cholinergic systems in the PLC in such a way that positive modulation of the NMDA receptor/channel, through activation of the glycine binding site, may compensate dysfunction of muscarinic neurotransmission involved in stimulus-reward and relational learning tasks