Reseñas

Peter CONRAD, The medicalization of society. On the transformation of human conditions into treatable disorder

Hospital mortality in acute coronary syndrome: differences related to gender and use of percutaneous coronary procedures

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To identify differences among men and women with acute coronary syndrome in terms of in-hospital mortality, and to assess whether these differences are related to the use of percutaneous cardiovascular procedures.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Observational study based on the Minimum Basic Data Set. This encompassed all episodes of emergency hospital admissions (46,007 cases, including 16,391 women and 29,616 men) with a main diagnosis of either myocardial infarction or unstable angina at 32 hospitals within the Andalusian Public Health System over a four-year period (2000–2003). The relationship between gender and mortality was examined for the population as a whole and for stratified groups depending on the type of procedures used (diagnostic coronary catheterisation and/or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty). These combinations were then adjusted for age group, main diagnosis and co-morbidityharlson score).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>During hospitalisation, mortality was 9.6% (4,401 cases out of 46,007), with 11.8% for women and 8.3% for men. There were more deaths among older patients with acute myocardial infarction and greater co-morbidity. Lower mortality was shown in patients undergoing diagnostic catheterisation and/or PTCA. After adjusting for age, diagnosis and co-morbidity, mortality affected women more than men in the overall population (OR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06–1.22) and in the subgroup of patients where no procedure was performed (OR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.07–1.24). Gender was not an explanatory variable in the subgroups of patients who underwent some kind of procedure.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Gender has not been associated to in-hospital mortality in patients who undergo some kind of percutaneous cardiovascular procedure. However, in the group of patients without either diagnostic catheterisation or angioplasty, mortality was higher in women than in men.</p

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Reseñas

Peter CONRAD, The medicalization of society. On the transformation of human conditions into treatable disorder

Informe Estadístico de Causas de Mortalidad en Andalucía : 2018

YesEl presente informe tiene el objetivo de recoger la situación de la mortalidad de la población andaluza en el año 2018, último con datos definitivos disponibles. Se describen indicadores de mortalidad total y por grandes grupos de causas de la CIE-10, a nivel de Andalucía y provincias, por grupos de edad y sexo

Etiología, distribución y costos de las diarreas infantiles

Realizamos un estudio de cohortes con objeto de conocer la incidencia de diarreas en la población infantil y la frecuencia de posibles factores de riesgo (portadores asintomáticos, nivel socioeconómico, peso e indicadores de salud). Para ello, seguimos prospectivamente durante un año a un grupo de 144 niños entre 0 y 3 años de edad nacidos y residentes en Sevilla, a los cuales elegimos al azar del registro civil de la ciudad. A cada niño les tomamos 2 muestras de heces para estudio de portadores sanos de microorganismos enteropatógenos; una al comienzo del trabajo y otra a lo largo del año de seguimiento. Encontramos las siguientes tasas de prevalencia: 7% de portadores de escherichia coli enteropatógeno (ecep), 4% de giardia lamblia y 14% de rotavirus. El estado de portador asintomático de ecep fue más frecuente en niños de nivel socioeconómico alto y el de giardia lamblia en niños con peso alterado y en los no vacunados. La incidencia de diarrea fue de 47 episodios por cada 100 niños al año. Fue más frecuente en los niños de nivel socioeconómico bajo. La causa más frecuente de diarrea fue rotavirus (24%), seguido de ecep (9%), salmonela spp (6%) y campylobacter jejuni (6%). Por cada 100 casos de diarrea infantil se afectan 65 familiares, se realizan 74 consultas médicas y 12 ingresos hospitalarios. La pauta más frecuente de tratamiento (51%) fue hacer dicta y tomar medicamentos. Por cada 100 diarreas se prescriben 42 antidiarreicos y 35 antimicrobianos, y se gastan 14.800 pesetas o más en medicamentos. Cada 100 diarreas conllevan además 17 días de absentismo laboral de los padres

Informe estadístico de causas de mortalidad en Andalucía: 2017

YesEstadística de mortalidad que proporciona información sobre la magnitud de los problemas de salud de la población de Andalucía