The Relevance of the Reviewer’s Role: a Methodological Proposal for the Development of the Translation Competence

Conforme a autores como Silvia Parra (2005: 370), el encargo de traducción puede definirse como el “conjunto de especificaciones, explícitas o implícitas, que guía tanto el trabajo del traductor como el del revisor”. De las palabras de Parra se desprende la importancia de la labor de revisión en el proceso y en el resultado de la traducción, que puede coincidir bien con la figura del propio traductor (auto-revisión) o que, como indica la autora, puede tratarse de otro ente diferente. Teniendo en cuenta la relevancia de la fase de revisión en la realidad profesional de la traducción, el objetivo de esta contribución consiste en presentar una aproximación teórico-práctica a la labor de revisión de textos de carácter especializado (ámbito biosanitario y tecnológico), con el fin de delimitar el campo de actuación de este ente, así como de proponer una metodología docente que sirva de fundamento para el desarrollo de la competencia traductora.According to certain authors such as Silvia Parra (2005: 370), the translation assignment can be defined as the set of instructions −both explicit or implicit− guiding not only the translator’s but also the reviewer’s decisions. This definition places an emphasis on the relevance of the revision task in both the process and the product of translation, which may be conducted either by the translator himself/herself (self-revision) or, as indicated by Parra, by a reviewer. Thus the relevance of the reviewer’s role in professional translation teams having been assumed, this paper aims at providing a theoretical and practical approach to revising specialized texts (pertaining to both the bio-sanitary and the technical fields) in order to determine the reviewer’s tasks as well as to propose a useful teaching methodology for the development of the translation competence

Guía de recursos para la atención a la población inmigrante extranjera en Huelva

Esta Guía pretende ser un documento de máxima utilidad en el trabajo de asesoramiento, formación y acogida a la población inmigrante extranjera.Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Asuntos Sociales, Delegación Provincial de Huelv

Temporary “contracts in origin” as policy to control immigration in Spain: the “Huelva model”

Until recently, both the Administration and the social agents recognized the inefficiency of the quota system as policy to control migratory flows, both of them agreeing that it was in fact concealed regularization. This situation tried to be settled by the contested Immigration law 4/2000, in which, for the specific case of the seasonal agricultural tasks, the modality of “contracting in origin” was established. The later modifications of the Law and its two “Regulations of development” approved up to the date, have kept this modality as the means for controlling migratory flows. With the introduction of this new system, the province of Huelva has turned into a “model” at a national level, not only for its adoption of this formula, but also for the volume of manpower contracted this way. The present study centres on analyzing the application of the “contracts in origin” in all of Spain, and particularly in the province of Huelva. We study the juridical texts and the main existing statistics in the matter, and complement this information with archive work carried out in the Subdelegation of the National Government in Huelva, which centralizes this kind of contracts. With this material, we propose to explain the reasons that lead to the appeal of foreign manpower, the procedure that is applied, the different regional significance of this contractual modality, as well as the negative effects and possible alternatives to correct them.Jusqu’à la fin des années quatre-vingt-dix, l’Etat tout comme les associations de terrain reconnaissaient l'inefficacité du système de quota qui faisait figure de politique migratoire en Espagne. Tous s’accordaient sur le fait que la gestion de l’immigration dans ce pays tenait d’avantage à des régularisations à postériori en fonction de chiffres fixés à l’avance qu’à un réel contrôle des entrées. La loi 4/2000 a tenté de remédier à cette situation. Une procédure spécifique a alors été mise en place concernant l’agriculture : le contrato en origen qui permet de recruter des saisonniers pour une période limitée directement depuis leur pays d’origine. Depuis lors, si des modifications de cette loi ont été votées, ce procédé fut maintenu et est devenu un instrument clé de la politique de gestion des flux migratoires. L’expérience de la province de Huelva, principale utilisatrice de cette procédure pour l’introduction de ses saisonniers agricoles, est alors devenue une référence au niveau national. On parle désormais du modèle de Huelva. Le présent article analyse la mise en œuvre des contrats en origine en Espagne, principalement dans la province de Huelva. Nous y présentons les textes juridiques et les principales statistiques existantes en la matière ainsi que la gestion de cette procédure par la préfecture de la province. L’objet du texte est d’expliquer le succès de cette mesure auprès des agriculteurs ainsi que de pointer ses effets négatifs sur le traitement de la main-d’œuvre étrangère

The nodD1 Gene of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 Restores Nodulation Capacity on Bean in a Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 nodD1/nodD2 Mutant, but the Secondary Symbiotic Regulators nolR, nodD2 or syrM Prevent HH103 to Nodulate with This Legume

Rhizobial NodD proteins and appropriate flavonoids induce rhizobial nodulation gene expression. In this study, we show that the nodD1 gene of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103, but not the nodD2 gene, can restore the nodulation capacity of a double nodD1/nodD2 mutant of Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris). S. fredii HH103 only induces pseudonodules in beans. We have also studied whether the mutation of different symbiotic regulatory genes may affect the symbiotic interaction of HH103 with beans: ttsI (the positive regulator of the symbiotic type 3 protein secretion system), and nodD2, nolR and syrM (all of them controlling the level of Nod factor production). Inactivation of either nodD2, nolR or syrM, but not that of ttsI, affected positively the symbiotic behavior of HH103 with beans, leading to the formation of colonized nodules. Acetylene reduction assays showed certain levels of nitrogenase activity that were higher in the case of the nodD2 and nolR mutants. Similar results have been previously obtained by our group with the model legume Lotus japonicus. Hence, the results obtained in the present work confirm that repression of Nod factor production, provided by either NodD2, NolR or SyrM, prevents HH103 to effectively nodulate several putative host plants.España Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Universidades projects AGL2016-77163-R and PID2019-107634RB-I00España Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Universidades FPU18/06248

OnfD, an AraC-Type Transcriptional Regulator Encoded by Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 and Involved in Nod Factor Synthesis and Symbiosis

Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 is a broad-host-range rhizobial strain that establishes symbiotic interactions with legumes and tolerates different environmental stresses such as heat, acidity, or salinity. This rhizobial strain produces a wide variety of symbiotically active nodulation factors (NF) induced not only by the presence of plant-released flavonoids but also under osmotic stress conditions through the LysR-type transcriptional regulators NodD1 (flavonoids) and NodD2 (osmotic stress). However, the activation of NodD2 under high-osmotic-stress conditions remains elusive. Here, we have studied the role of a new AraC-type regulator (named as OnfD) in the symbiotic interaction of R. tropici CIAT 899 with Phaseolus vulgaris and Lotus plants. We determined that OnfD is required under salt stress conditions for the transcriptional activation of the nodulation genes and therefore the synthesis and export of NF, which are required for a successful symbiosis with P. vulgaris. Moreover, using bacterial two-hybrid analysis, we demonstrated that the OnfD and NodD2 proteins form homodimers and OnfD/NodD2 form heterodimers, which could be involved in the production of NF in the presence of osmotic stress conditions since both regulators are required for NF synthesis in the presence of salt. A structural model of OnfD is presented and discussed. IMPORTANCE The synthesis and export of rhizobial NF are mediated by a conserved group of LysR-type regulators, the NodD proteins. Here, we have demonstrated that a non-LysR-type regulator, an AraC-type protein, is required for the transcriptional activation of symbiotic genes and for the synthesis of symbiotically active NF under salt stress conditions.España Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (project AGL2016-77163-R

Supporting vectors vs. principal components

Let T : X -> Y be a bounded linear operator between Banach spaces X, Y. A vector x(0) is an element of S-X in the unit sphere S-X of X is called a supporting vector of T provided that parallel to T(x(0))parallel to = sup{parallel to T(x)parallel to : parallel to x parallel to = 1} = parallel to T parallel to. Since matrices induce linear operators between finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, we can consider their supporting vectors. In this manuscript, we unveil the relationship between the principal components of a matrix and its supporting vectors. Applications of our results to real-life problems are provided

Las redes de colaboración en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del alumnado con Trastorno del Espectro Autista durante el Estado de Alarma

Artículo presentado en el 55 Encuentro de Centros Innovadores Como docentes preocupados e inquietos con la innovación educativa, se analizaron las redes de colaboración durante el Estado de alarma, para propiciar una mejora en la atención a la diversidad del alumnado con Trastorno del Espectro Autista comprendido entre los seis y doce años. Este trabajo tiene como finalidad detectar y visibilizar la importancia de la coordinación y colaboración entre las familias y los docentes durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de este alumnado. Así, los resultados obtenidos muestran como existe una buena colaboración entre ambos colectivos, cuya implicación y coordinación se vio acrecentada durante el Estado de alarma; aunque hay que seguir trabajando en esta línea ya que se siguen encontrando algunos obstáculos y dificultades

Links among characteristically nilpotent, c-graded and derived filiform lie algebras

The aim of this paper is to study the interconnectivity among Lie algebras that are characteristically nilpotent, derived and c-graded filiform, establishing some characterization theorems involving them. At the same time we offer an algorithm that will allow us to know, given a complex filiform Lie algebra, which of those properties hold

The Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 NodD2 protein promotes symbiosis and extends rhizobial nodulation range by constitutive nodulation factor synthesis

In the symbiotic associations between rhizobia and legumes, the NodD regulators orchestrate the transcription of the specifc nodulation genes. This set of genes is involved in the synthesis of nodulation factors, which are responsible for initiating the nodulation process. Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 is the most successful symbiont of Phaseolus vulgaris and can nodulate a variety of legumes. Among the fve NodD regulators present in this rhizobium, only NodD1 and NodD2 seem to have a role in the symbiotic process. However, the individual role of each NodD in the absence of the other proteins has remained elusive. In this work, we show that the CIAT 899 NodD2 does not require activation by inducers to promote the synthesis of nodulation factors. A CIAT 899 strain overexpressing nodD2, but lacking all additional nodD genes, can nodulate three different legumes as effciently as the wild type. Interestingly, CIAT 899 NodD2- mediated gain of nodulation can be extended to another rhizobial species, since its overproduction in Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 not only increases the number of nitrogen-fxing nodules in two host legumes but also results in nodule development in incompatible legumes. These fndings potentially open exciting opportunities to develop rhizobial inoculants and increase legume crop production.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 AGL2016-77163-R and PID2019- 107634RB-I00Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad FPU18/0624

Potential protective role of reactive astrocytes in the periventricular parenchyma in congenital hydrocephalus

Background Cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in hydrocephalus produces an elevation of intraventricular pressure with pathological consequences on the periventricular brain parenchyma including ischemia, oedema, oxidative stress, and accumulation of metabolic waste products. Here we studied in the hyh mouse, an animal model of congenital hydrocephalus, the role of reactive astrocytes in this clinical degenerative condition. Materials and Methods Wild type and hydrocephalic hyh mice at 30 days of postnatal age were used. Three metabolites related to the oxidative and neurotoxic conditions were analysed in ex vivo samples (glutathione, glutamine and taurine) using High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HR-MAS). Glutathione synthetase and peroxidase, glutamine synthetase, kidney-type glutaminase (KGA), and taurine/taurine transporter were immunolocated in brain sections. Results Levels of the metabolites were remarkably higher in hydrocephalic conditions. Glutathione peroxidase and synthetase were both detected in the periventricular reactive astrocytes and neurons. Taurine was mostly found free in the periventricular parenchyma and in the reactive astrocytes, and the taurine transporter was mainly present in the neurons located in such regions. Glutamine synthetase was found in reactive astrocytes. Glutaminase was also detected in the reactive astrocytes and in periventricular neurons. These results suggest a possible protective response of reactive astrocytes against oxidative stress and neurotoxic conditions. Conclusions Astrocyte reaction seems to trigger an anti-oxidative and anti-neurotoxic response in order to ameliorate pathological damage in periventricular areas of the hydrocephalic mice.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. PI15-00619 to AJJ