CHALLENGES OF ONLINE-EDUCATION: WHAT SOCIETY EXPECTS FROM TEACHERS

The main idea of the article is to present some characteristics of social expectations of teachers’ work that appeared after March 2020 when the whole world found itself in online education. These expectations are rather unified and do not depend on the level of economic development of the country or the degree of involvement in providing educational services online in the pre-Covid period. The article also attempts to analyse the challenges that teachers face while providing educational services online by dividing them in 3 groups: challenges related to students; challenges related to teachers, and challenges related to external factors. As the basis for the research, the results of an anonymous survey of teachers and lecturers from 6 countries were used. The results of the study show that social expectations and social requirements set for teachers and the education system in general by the society in the context of forced and total online education are excessive For writing the article, both theoretical (analysis, observation, reflection, etc.) and empirical (survey, static processing) research methods were used

CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIAL ENGINEERING METHODS AND TYPES OF SOCIAL ENGINEERING ATTACKS

Background: Social engineering is an acute threat to modern enterprises. In large companies, dynamic information flows and changes in management processes increase the number of attack points for social engineers, which entails possible unwanted information outflows. Objective: The study aims to analyze social engineering attacks, identify their complexity, and compare them with the types of attacks. The primary objective is to determine the key mechanisms to counter social engineering. Methods: The paper analyzes the current body of scientific literature concerning the legal regulation of social engineering methods and the study of criminalized social engineering. The methodological foundation of the study is a combination of scientific research methods, including the abstract-logical approach, correlation analysis, and the comparative method. Results: The existing research testifies to the dynamic spread and development of social engineering technologies, which necessitates the development of an effective system to counter social engineering attacks. The most promising approach appears to be the one based on the technical component and simultaneously involving the training of employees of enterprises and organizations in counteracting unauthorized access to information. This approach will reduce the risk of information leakage and strengthen the information security of modern companies

The Main Problems of Forming Soft Skills in the Future Career of a Student in a Pandemic

Мета статті – проаналізувати самооцінку студентами рівня розвитку м’яких навичок та перспективи її покращення в умовах пандемії. Для адекватного та об’єктивного дослідження викладених питань найчастіше використовувався порівняльний аналіз. Для цього були проаналізовані теоретичні дослідження вітчизняних та зарубіжних експертів, які включали окремі соціологічні дослідження. Перспективи подальшої роботи полягають у детальному вивченні факторів, умов та механізмів формування та розвитку soft skills у студентів природничих, інженерно-технологічних, медичних, соціально-гуманітарних спеціальностей.Abstract The purpose of the article is to analyze students' self-assessment of the level of soft skills development and the prospects for its improvement in a pandemic. For an adequate and objective study of the stated issues, comparative analysis was most often used. For this purpose, theoretical studies of national and foreign experts were analyzed, which included specific sociological surveys. Prospects for further work are assumed in a detailed study of the factors, conditions and mechanisms for the formation and development of soft skills in students of natural, engineering and technological, medical, social and humanitarian specialties

Библиографические ресурсы национальных библиотек - членов Библиотечной Ассамблеи Евразии

.Представлен анализ библиографической продукции, изданной (в печатном и электронном виде) национальными библиотеками - членами Библиотечной Ассамблеи Евразии в 2010-2014 гг., дается сравнение нынешнего периода с предыдущим - 2004-2009 гг., выявлены тенденции развития

The impact of inhalation versus total intravenous anesthesia on the immune status in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery: a double-blind randomized clinical trial (TeMP)

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) mortality primarily stems from metastases rather than the primary tumor itself. Perioperative stress, encompassing both surgical and anesthetic factors, profoundly impacts the immune system, leading to alterations in neuroendocrine pathways and immune functions, potentially facilitating tumor progression and metastasis. Understanding the immunomodulatory effects of different anesthesia techniques is crucial for optimizing perioperative care in patients with BC. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) serves as one of the key indicators of perioperative immune response.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of inhalation anesthesia (IA) and total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) on perioperative immune response in BC surgery patients.MethodsIn this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, BC surgery patients were randomized to receive either TIVA with propofol or IA with sevoflurane. The primary endpoint was NLR assessment. Secondary immune parameters measured included natural killer cells, various T cell subsets, B cells, the immuno-regulatory index [T-helpers (CD3+CD4+)/cytotoxic T-cells (CD3+CD8+)], matrix metallopeptidases (MMP-9), complement components, and immunoglobulins, preoperatively and at 1 and 24 hours postoperatively.ResultsThe study included 98 patients (IA: 48, TIVA: 50). The baseline characteristics exhibited remarkable similarity across the groups. No significant difference in absolute NLR values was found between IA and TIVA groups at any time point (1 hour: p = 0.519, 24 hours: p = 0.333). Decreased IgA and IgM levels post-surgery suggested potential negative impacts of IA on humoral immunity compared to TIVA. CRP levels increased more by 24 hours (p = 0.044) in IA compared to TIVA. No significant differences were observed in natural killer cells, T cell subsets, B cells, MMP-9 levels or complement components between groups. Significant differences in the immuno-regulatory index between the TIVA and IA groups at one hour postoperatively (p = 0.033) were not maintained at 24 hours.ConclusionWhile there were no notable differences in NLR among the types of anesthesia, the observed disparities in immunoglobulin content and C-reactive protein levels between groups suggest that we cannot dismiss the potential immunosuppressive effects of inhalational anesthesia in breast cancer surgeries. Further investigation needed to clarify the impact of various anesthesia methods on immune function and their implications for long-term cancer outcomes

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Evidence for Compression of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12 Cells under the Effect of TiO₂ Nanoparticles

It has been shown that treatment with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) combined with near-ultraviolet (UV-A) irradiation or in certain dark conditions reduced the numbers of various microorganisms, but the mechanism of this effect remains unclear. In this study to further clarify the mechanism of the antibacterial effect of TiO₂ NPs the physiological state of <i>E. coli</i> K12 cells was estimated after incubation with the NPs (0.2 g/L) for different periods of time, with or without UV-A irradiation. Cell incubation with TiO₂ NPs, combined or not combined with UV-A irradiation, showed that inactive cells were located only within cell aggregates formed after incubation with TiO₂ NPs and that the larger the aggregate, the greater the number of such cells. When the formation of large aggregates was prevented, exposure to NPs under UV-A irradiation failed to result in cell inactivation. A comparative analysis of fluorescence and optical microscopic images of the same aggregates showed that the location of inactivated cells coincided with the zone of increased optical density within the aggregate. After treatment with TiO₂ NPs under UV-A for 30, 60, or 120 min cells within the aggregates were the first to be inactivated. Cells on which NPs irradiated more strongly (at the periphery of large aggregates and single) remained active for a longer time than cells within the aggregates. As the time of treatment increased, so did the degree of cell compaction, with some zones of the aggregates eventually transforming into an acellular mass. After UV-A irradiation the cell aggregates spontaneously moved toward each other and gradually fused into larger structures, indicating that such exposure enhanced mutual attraction of cells treated with the NPs. Present study provides evidence for hypothesis that bacterial cells covered with TiO₂ NPs are inactivated due to their mutual attraction and consequent compression

Features and trends of the Russian economy transformation process

The article deals with the issues of the transformational process of the Russian economy in recent years. It is emphasized that the formation of modern economic space occurs against the background of constantly changing conditions of economic reality. Trends in the development of the Russian economy are considered, the peculiarities of the Russian national economy are analyzed, taking into account its basic characteristics and development prospects. Particularly relevant is the consideration of transformational processes in connection with the formation of new standards of economic interconnections and opportunities for modern production. The main tasks and problems of Russian economic development with changing international priorities and strategic world transformations are noted. The special role of digitalization of society in the formation of modern business models, the identification of the advantages of digital reality is emphasized in this article. It is also highlighted that the changing conditions for the formation of the economic space is associated with the birth of a number of problems, including the strengthening of the role of state regulation of the public economy of Russia, the search for new instruments for the legal regulation of the national economy. Adapting the Russian economy to a constantly changing competitive market, the search for competitive advantages will mean the possibility for the Russian national economy to become a full member of the world community

Peculiarities and development factors of modern agricultural engineering

Functioning dynamics of agricultural engineering nowadays is under analysis in this article. It is noted that the formation of a modern agricultural cluster is influenced by many factors that can cause problems for its optimal functioning. The topical question is to define the role of state regulation of the agricultural machinery industry in Russia, to search for the new regulating economic instruments for the effectively developing agro-industrial complex. Adaptation of agricultural engineering to a constantly changing competitive market and the ability of domestic producers to survive in a crisis depends on the favorable conditions created for the agricultural producer and on the use of the support mechanisms that are adequate to the current state of the market