Who are the pirates? Somali piracy and environmental justice in Alakrana, Stolen Seas and Captain Phillips

This article seeks to analyze three interrelated texts, specifically theSpanish miniseriesAlakrana(2011), the independent US documentaryfilmStolen Seas, and the Hollywood big-budget productionCaptainPhillips(2013), which, though produced in very different contexts, dealt with comparable transnational issues. All three of them werebased on real events, namely the hijacking of a merchant boat or fishingtrawler by Somali pirates in the Indian Ocean. This analysis will be pri-marily carried out from an ecocritical perspective but will also takeinto account the ways in which different generic parameters, in..

Intracluster interactions in butterfly {Fe3 LnO2} molecules with the non-Kramers ions Tb(III) and Ho(III)

The intracluster exchange interactions within the >butterfly> [Fe3Ln(μ3-O)2(CCl3COO)8(H2O)(THF)3] molecules, where Ln(III) represents a lanthanide cation, have been determined by a combination of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) along with an interaction model. We have studied the compounds with Ln=Tb and Ho, both non-Kramers lanthanides and with high uniaxial anisotropy, and Ln=Lu(III) and Y(III) as pseudolanthanides, which supply nonmagnetic Ln reference cases. At low temperature, the three Fe atoms can be considered as a self-unit with total spin SFe3=5/2. Using the element selectivity of the XMCD magnetometry, measured at the Ln L2,3 edges, together with the VSM measurements, the local magnetization of the Ln ion and the Fe3 subcluster, as a function of the field and low temperature (T≈2.5K), has been determined separately. These results are described quantitatively in the framework of a theoretical model based on an effective spin Hamiltonian, which considers the competing effects of intracluster interactions and the external applied magnetic field. The Ln-Fe3 exchange interaction within the {Fe3LnO2} cluster has been determined to be antiferromagnetic, in both Tb and Ho compounds, with JFeTb/kB=-0.13(1)K and JFeHo/kB=-0.18(1)K, respectively. In both cases, a field-induced reorientation of the Fe3 and Ln spins from antiparallel to parallel orientation takes place at a threshold field μ0H=1.1 and 2 T, for the {Fe3TbO2} and {Fe3HoO2} compounds, respectively. By comparison with other compounds of the series with uniaxial anisotropy, it is concluded that the polarizability of the Fe3 subcluster magnetic moment decreases in the trend {Fe3YO2}→{Fe3TbO2}→{Fe3HoO2}→{Fe3DyO2}, because of the increasing opposition of the exchange antiferromagnetic field caused by the Ln ion. In the Ln=Tb, Ho, and Dy, the magnetization of the whole molecule is dominated by the anisotropy of the Ln ion. The intracluster Fe3-Ln exchange interactions are very weak compared to the Ln ligand field and Fe-Fe exchange interactions.The projects MINECO (MAT2011/23791, MAT2011/27233-C02-02, and MAT2014/53921-R), DGA IMANA E34, and Alexander Von Humboldt Foundation (D.P.) are acknowledged for financial support.Peer Reviewe

Intracluster interactions in butterfly {Fe3 LnO2} molecules with the non-Kramers ions Tb(III) and Ho(III)

The intracluster exchange interactions within the "butterfly" Fe3Ln(µ3-O)2(CCl3COO)8(H2O)(THF)3] molecules, where Ln(III) represents a lanthanide cation, have been determined by a combination of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) along with an interaction model. We have studied the compounds with Ln=Tb and Ho, both non-Kramers lanthanides and with high uniaxial anisotropy, and Ln=Lu(III) and Y(III) as pseudolanthanides, which supply nonmagnetic Ln reference cases. At low temperature, the three Fe atoms can be considered as a self-unit with total spin SFe3=5/2. Using the element selectivity of the XMCD magnetometry, measured at the Ln L2,3 edges, together with the VSM measurements, the local magnetization of the Ln ion and the Fe3 subcluster, as a function of the field and low temperature (T˜2.5K), has been determined separately. These results are described quantitatively in the framework of a theoretical model based on an effective spin Hamiltonian, which considers the competing effects of intracluster interactions and the external applied magnetic field. The Ln-Fe3 exchange interaction within the {Fe3LnO2} cluster has been determined to be antiferromagnetic, in both Tb and Ho compounds, with JFeTb/kB=-0.13(1)K and JFeHo/kB=-0.18(1)K, respectively. In both cases, a field-induced reorientation of the Fe3 and Ln spins from antiparallel to parallel orientation takes place at a threshold field µ0H=1.1 and 2 T, for the {Fe3TbO2} and {Fe3HoO2} compounds, respectively. By comparison with other compounds of the series with uniaxial anisotropy, it is concluded that the polarizability of the Fe3 subcluster magnetic moment decreases in the trend {Fe3YO2}¿{Fe3TbO2}¿{Fe3HoO2}¿{Fe3DyO2}, because of the increasing opposition of the exchange antiferromagnetic field caused by the Ln ion. In the Ln=Tb, Ho, and Dy, the magnetization of the whole molecule is dominated by the anisotropy of the Ln ion. The intracluster Fe3-Ln exchange interactions are very weak compared to the Ln ligand field and Fe-Fe exchange interactions

Information impact on consumers' perceptions towards aquaculture : Dismantling the myth about feeds for farmed fish

Altres ajuts: Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICAquaculture products are commonplace in markets around the world. However, despite efforts to minimize the negative perceptions towards aquaculture, several misbeliefs or myths still persist, and thus globally consumers tend to value wild fish more highly than farmed fish. The lack of information has been shown to be one of the most important causes of this preference, driving buying decisions to be more emotional than rational. The aim of this study was to determine whether scientific-supported information contrasting one myth could contribute to a better perception of farmed products. To that end, consensus on a series of aquaculture-related issues among different scientists, external experts, and aquaculture societies was used to build up the scientific information. This information was provided to 300 Spanish consumers using two different communication tools (150 consumers each tool): an interactive web documentary and a written and printed document, to detect possible differences in the change of consumers' perception. Consumers were asked for their degree of agreement on a set of 14 statements before and after providing the scientific information. A variable collecting the assessment of each of the statements was calculated as the Overall-perception. Possible significant differences between the scores before and after providing the information and for the 'overall perception' were analysed separately for each communication tool as well as for the combined sample. Possible relationship between the consumers' perception with the sociodemographic factors, the consumers' knowledge and the fish consumption habits were also assessed. Results show that consumer's perception of aquaculture before the query were moderate (5.6 average in a 0 to 10 scale) but that it increased slightly but significantly and regardless of the communication tool used. Among sociodemographic factors, age and gender were the ones that most influenced consumer's perceptions, being older people those who exhibited a generally more positive opinion towards aquaculture. The effects of consumption habits and knowledge about aquaculture were also the two most explicative factors for change in perception. Importantly, the opinion of consumers with less knowledge about seafood products in general and production methods or consuming only wild fish products, improved after being exposed to the information. These results demonstrate the utility of science- and fact-based communication campaigns to improve the societal perception of aquaculture practices and products, regardless of the tool used to transmit this information

Heteronuclear {TbxEu1-x} furoate 1D polymers presenting luminescent properties and SMM behavior

We report the synthesis, crystal structure and photo-magnetic properties of novel Tb/Eu polymeric complexes of general formula {TbxEu1-x(a-fur)3(H2O)3}n, supported by 2-furancarboxilic acid: the homonuclear Tb(iii) complex {Tb} (1), four heterodinuclear complexes, {Tb0.8Eu0.2} (2), {Tb0.7Eu0.3} (3), {Tb0.3Eu0.7} (4), and {Tb0.1Eu0.9} (5), and the homonuclear Eu(iii)-only complex {Eu} (6). X-ray diffraction experiments show that the a-furoate ligands, acting in bridging mode, consolidate the 1D polymeric chains along the c-axis. Luminescence studies show the sensitization capability of the furoic acid ligand. Color tuning from green to red can be successfully achieved through the heterodinuclear strategy. We have measured Eu emission by direct excitation at the resonant 7F0 ¿ 5L6 (395 nm), and indirectly, by excitation of the non-resonant wavelength (280 nm) which provokes ligand ¿ Tb ¿ Eu energy transfer. Besides, ac susceptibility measurements under varying frequencies and temperatures reveal that mixed {TbxEu1-x} complexes exhibit field-induced slow relaxation dynamics, with extremely slow relaxation times, owing to direct processes affected by the bottleneck effect. Thus, the {TbxEu1-x} complexes represent interesting low-dimensional multifunctional materials combining both luminescent and SMM magnetic properties

Sistema de Información para Patrimonio Histórico

[ES] Los sistemas de información geográficos (SIG) permiten gestionar información referida a un territorio de forma eficiente, ágil y flexible. La gestión de información referida a elementos patrimoniales presenta un conjunto de requerimientos con características similares. Tanto en los procesos de documentación como en los de restauración y conservación es necesario ubicar gran cantidad de información sobre la superficie del elemento objeto de la actuación, permitiendo no solo su edición y visualización, sino incluso el análisis de dicha información.Este trabajo presenta el diseño de un sistema de información para patrimonio cultural que proporciona la funcionalidad anteriormente descrita, el cual partiendo de algunas ideas y formas de trabajo de los sistemas de onformación geográficos ha adaptado estas ideas a las representaciones utilizadas comúnmente en el campo delpatrimonio.[EN] Geographic information systems (GIS) allow us to manage information related to a territory in an efficient and flexible way. Management of information concerning cultural heritage presents a set of requirements which are similar to those. In processes such as documentation, restoration and preservation it is necessary to locate a wealth of information on the surface of the model on which we are working, not only allowing editing and displaying it, but even analysing such information.This paper presents a novel design of an information system for cultural heritage that provides the functionality described above, which starting from some ideas and working methods borrowed from GIS has adapted these ideas to representations commonly used in the field of cultural heritage.Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por la Consejería de Innovación Ciencia y Empresa de la Junta de Andalucía a través del proyecto de excelencia PE09-TIC-5276.Torres, JC.; Soler, F.; Cano, P.; León, A.; Luzón, V.; Martín, D. (2012). Sistema de Información para Patrimonio Histórico. Virtual Archaeology Review. 3(5):53-57. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2012.4506OJS53573

Heteronuclear {TbxEu1-x} furoate 1D polymers presenting luminiscent properties and SMM behavior

We report the synthesis, crystal structure and photo-magnetic properties of novel Tb/Eu polymeric complexes of general formula {TbxEu1−x(α-fur)3(H2O)3}n, supported by 2-furancarboxilic acid: the homonuclear Tb(III) complex {Tb} (1), four heterodinuclear complexes, {Tb0.8Eu0.2} (2), {Tb0.7Eu0.3} (3), {Tb0.3Eu0.7} (4), and {Tb0.1Eu0.9} (5), and the homonuclear Eu(III)-only complex {Eu} (6). X-ray diffraction experiments show that the α-furoate ligands, acting in bridging mode, consolidate the 1D polymeric chains along the c-axis. Luminescence studies show the sensitization capability of the furoic acid ligand. Color tuning from green to red can be successfully achieved through the heterodinuclear strategy. We have measured Eu emission by direct excitation at the resonant 7F0 → 5L6 (395 nm), and indirectly, by excitation of the non-resonant wavelength (280 nm) which provokes ligand → Tb → Eu energy transfer. Besides, ac susceptibility measurements under varying frequencies and temperatures reveal that mixed {TbxEu1−x} complexes exhibit field-induced slow relaxation dynamics, with extremely slow relaxation times, owing to direct processes affected by the bottleneck effect. Thus, the {TbxEu1−x} complexes represent interesting low-dimensional multifunctional materials combining both luminescent and SMM magnetic properties

Heteronuclear {TbxEu1−x} furoate 1D polymers presenting luminescent properties and SMM behavior

We report the synthesis, crystal structure and photo-magnetic properties of novel Tb/Eu polymeric complexes of general formula {TbxEu1−x(α-fur)3(H2O)3}n, supported by 2-furancarboxilic acid: the homonuclear Tb(III) complex {Tb} (1), four heterodinuclear complexes, {Tb0.8Eu0.2} (2), {Tb0.7Eu0.3} (3), {Tb0.3Eu0.7} (4), and {Tb0.1Eu0.9} (5), and the homonuclear Eu(III)-only complex {Eu} (6). X-ray diffraction experiments show that the α-furoate ligands, acting in bridging mode, consolidate the 1D polymeric chains along the c-axis. Luminescence studies show the sensitization capability of the furoic acid ligand. Color tuning from green to red can be successfully achieved through the heterodinuclear strategy. We have measured Eu emission by direct excitation at the resonant 7F0 → 5L6 (395 nm), and indirectly, by excitation of the non-resonant wavelength (280 nm) which provokes ligand → Tb → Eu energy transfer. Besides, ac susceptibility measurements under varying frequencies and temperatures reveal that mixed {TbxEu1−x} complexes exhibit field-induced slow relaxation dynamics, with extremely slow relaxation times, owing to direct processes affected by the bottleneck effect. Thus, the {TbxEu1−x} complexes represent interesting low-dimensional multifunctional materials combining both luminescent and SMM magnetic properties

Cicloestratigrafía del Grupo Enciso, Cuenca oriental de Cameros (N de España)

El Grupo Enciso (Cretácico Inferior) se localiza en la parte oriental de la Cuenca de Cameros. Está formado por arenis- cas, limolitas, margas y calizas organizadas en ciclos de diferente rango que han sido interpretados como de origen orbital (Angulo y Muñoz, 2013; Hernán, 2018; Muñoz et al., en prensa). En los alrededores de Navalsaz (La Rioja) se ha levantado un perfil estratigráfico de 1.371 m donde se han medido valores de susceptibilidad magnética cada 50 cm y se han tomado muestras cada metro para la medida en laboratorio del contenido en carbonato y de parámetros de color (CIE L*a*b*). Se han construido series de tiempo continuas cuantitativas de la susceptibilidad magnética, el contenido total de carbonato, la luminosidad (L*), y las coordenadas rojo/verde (a*) y amarillo/azul (b*). El análisis espectral de estas series de tiempo ha puesto de manifiesto la existencia de ciclos referibles a las frecuencias de Milankovitch de excentricidad, oblicuidad y precesión. The Enciso Group (Lower Cretaceous) is located in the eastern part of Cameros Basin. It is made up of sandstones, limolites, marls and limestones organized in different rank cycles which have been interpreted as orbitally-controlled cycles (Angulo and Muñoz, 2013; Hernán, 2018; Muñoz et al., in press). Magnetic susceptibility was measured every 50 cm in a 1,371 m-thick stratigraphic column made nearby of Navalsaz (La Rioja), and samples, spaced every meter, taken for carbonate content and colour parameter measurements (CIE L* a* b*) in the laboratory. Continuous quantitative time series were built based on magnetic susceptibility values, total carbonate content, luminosity (L*), as well as red/green (a*) and yellow/blue (b*) coordinates. The spectral analysis of such series reveals the existence of cycles that can be referred to eccentricity, obliquity and precession Milankovitch frequencies

Probing New Physics Models of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay with SuperNEMO

The possibility to probe new physics scenarios of light Majorana neutrino exchange and right-handed currents at the planned next generation neutrinoless double beta decay experiment SuperNEMO is discussed. Its ability to study different isotopes and track the outgoing electrons provides the means to discriminate different underlying mechanisms for the neutrinoless double beta decay by measuring the decay half-life and the electron angular and energy distributions.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, to be published in E.P.J.