Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Tentang Pencegahan Penularan HIV Dari Ibu Ke Anak

Latar Belakang: Penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak setiap tahun meningkat. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah transmisi vertikal dengan program Pencegahan Penularan HIV dari Ibu ke Anak (PPIA). Ibu hamil yang terinfeksi HIV ada 56 orang pada tahun 2013.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang pencegahan penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak di Puskesmas Mantrijeron Yogyakarta.Metode: jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 124 orang, dengan sampel ibu hamil yang berkunjung di Puskesmas Mantrijeron sejumlah 55 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan accidental sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuisioner. Analisa data menggunakan analisa univariat yang disajikan dalam distribusi frekuensi. Hasil: Pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang pengertian HIV/AIDS dalam kategori baik (52,7%), penyebab HIV/AIDS kategori cukup (41,8%), tanda dan gejala HIV/AIDS kategori kurang (47,3%), pengertian PPIA kategori cukup (56,4%), penularan HIV/AIDS dari ibu hamil ke anak kategori kurang (45,5%) dan pencegahan HIV/AIDS dari ibu hamil ke anak kategori kurang (61,8%).Simpulan: Pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang pencegahan penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak sebagian besar dalam kategori cukup

Kajian Perkembangan dan Usulan Perancangan Enterprise Architecture Framework

Trend perkembangan teknologi informasi diikuti oleh perkembangan enterprise architecture (EA) baik dari sisi konseptual maupun dari sisi teknik implementasi. Bagi organisasi yang ingin menerapkan EA, sebuah kajian menjadi penting khususnya yang memberikan informasi EA dalam kontek definisi, peran, tujuan, dan perkembangannya. Framework yang dikaji meliputi framework memang sudah exist dan framework yang popular karena telah teruji oleh penggunanya. Dengan pemahaman ini, maka organisasi dapat lebih mudah dala pemilihan EA yang sesuai dengan karakteristik organisasi. Tulisan ini bermaksud, sebagai kajian untuk lebih memahami secara konseptual dan sebagai studi literatur untuk EA, sehingga dapat dicari keunggulan di setiap EA framework baik dari perspektif komersial dan akademik. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan membandingkan diantara beberapa framework. Proses yang dilakukan terdiri dari melakukan dan mencari perbedaan (contrast), mengkritik (critize), membandingkan (compare), menggabungkan (synthesize), dan menyimpulkan (summarize) dari masing EA framework, dan berbagai sumber untuk mengetahui state of the art dari masing-masing kreteria. Output yang diharapkan dengan dilakukan studi literatur ini adalah menemukan framework yang paling tepat untuk diimplementasikan di organisasi khususnya organisasi publik

Pengaruh Model Discovery Learning Berbantuan Media Kartu Kata Bergambar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Tematik

This study aims to determine the effect of discovery learning models assisted by pictorial word card media on Thematic learning on student learning outcomes. This research is quantitative research. The research method used was Quasi Experiment with the type of design The Matching Only Pretest-Posstest Control Group Design. The population of this study was first-grade students of SDN Gugus 10 Lebong Regency. The sample in this study was class I SDN 54 Lebong and Class I SDN 16 Lebong. The sampling technique uses Cluster Random Sampling. The total sample of 52 students consisted of class I SDN 54 Lebong totaling 25 students as the experimental class and class I SDN 16 Lebong totaling 27 students as the control class. The research instrument used was in the form of a knowledge learning test in the form of Multiple Choices given through Pretest and Posttest, for the learning outcomes aspects of attitudes and skills the instruments used were observation guidelines. The data analysis technique in this study is quantitative analysis using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Based on the results of inferential statistical analysis using the t-test. Based on the results of this study it is known that the value of t-count on SBDP subjects is 5.43 and in Indonesian Language subjects is 2.65 greater than t-table at a 5% significance level of 1.675. Thus the Ha hypothesis is proven and accepted. This shows that there are influences on student learning outcomes in Thematic learning that use discovery learning models assisted with pictorial word card media

Optimizing the use of pressurized bladders for the assembly of HL-LHC MQXFB magnets

The use of pressurized bladders for stress control of superconducting magnets was firstly proposed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) in the early 2000s. Since then, the so-called bladders and keys procedure has become one of the reference techniques for the assembly of high-field accelerator magnets and demonstrators. Exploiting the advantages of this method is today of critical importance for Nb3Sn-based accelerator magnets, whose production requires the preservation of tight stress targets in the superconducting coils to limit the effects of the strain sensitivity and brittleness of the conductor. The present manuscript reports on the results of an experimental campaign focused on the optimization of the bladders and keys assembly process in the MQXFB quadrupoles. These 7.2 m long magnets shall be among the first Nb3Sn cryomagnets to be installed in a particle accelerator as a part of the High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC. One of the main practical implications of the bladders technique, especially important when applied to long magnets like MQXFB, is that to insert the loading keys, the opening of a certain clearance in the support structure is required. The procedure used so far for MQXF magnets involved an overstress in the coils during bladder inflation. The work presented here shows that such an overshoot can be eliminated thanks to additional bladders properly positioned in the structure. This optimized method was validated in a short model magnet and in a full-length mechanical model, becoming the new baseline for the series production at CERN. Furthermore, the results are supported by numerical predictions using Finite Element models

Analysis of gene expression data from non-small celllung carcinoma cell lines reveals distinct sub-classesfrom those identified at the phenotype level

Microarray data from cell lines of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) can be used to look for differences in gene expression between the cell lines derived from different tumour samples, and to investigate if these differences can be used to cluster the cell lines into distinct groups. Dividing the cell lines into classes can help to improve diagnosis and the development of screens for new drug candidates. The micro-array data is first subjected to quality control analysis and then subsequently normalised using three alternate methods to reduce the chances of differences being artefacts resulting from the normalisation process. The final clustering into sub-classes was carried out in a conservative manner such that subclasses were consistent across all three normalisation methods. If there is structure in the cell line population it was expected that this would agree with histological classifications, but this was not found to be the case. To check the biological consistency of the sub-classes the set of most strongly differentially expressed genes was be identified for each pair of clusters to check if the genes that most strongly define sub-classes have biological functions consistent with NSCLC

Inhibition of cholesterol recycling impairs cellular PrPSc propagation

The infectious agent in prion diseases consists of an aberrantly folded isoform of the cellular prion protein (PrPc), termed PrPSc, which accumulates in brains of affected individuals. Studies on prion-infected cultured cells indicate that cellular cholesterol homeostasis influences PrPSc propagation. Here, we demonstrate that the cellular PrPSc content decreases upon accumulation of cholesterol in late endosomes, as induced by NPC-1 knock-down or treatment with U18666A. PrPc trafficking, lipid raft association, and membrane turnover are not significantly altered by such treatments. Cellular PrPSc formation is not impaired, suggesting that PrPSc degradation is increased by intracellular cholesterol accumulation. Interestingly, PrPSc propagation in U18666A-treated cells was partially restored by overexpression of rab 9, which causes redistribution of cholesterol and possibly of PrPSc to the trans-Golgi network. Surprisingly, rab 9 overexpression itself reduced cellular PrPSc content, indicating that PrPSc production is highly sensitive to alterations in dynamics of vesicle trafficking

Microarray-Based Class Discovery for Molecular Classification of Breast Cancer: Analysis of Interobserver Agreement

Background Breast cancers can be classified by hierarchical clustering using an "intrinsic" gene list into one of at least five molecular subtypes: basal-like, HER2, luminal A, luminal B, and normal breast-like. Five different intrinsic gene lists composed of varying numbers of genes have been used for molecular subtype identification and classification of breast cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the objectivity and interobserver reproducibility of the assignment of molecular subtype classes by hierarchical cluster analysis. Methods Three publicly available breast cancer datasets (n = 779) were subjected to two-way average-linkage hierarchical cluster analysis using five distinct intrinsic gene lists. We used free-marginal Kappa statistics to analyze interobserver agreement among five breast cancer researchers for the whole classification and for each molecular subtype separately according to each intrinsic gene list for each breast cancer dataset. Results None of the classification systems tested produced almost perfect agreement (Kappa >= 0.81) among observers. However, substantial interobserver agreement (70.8% to 76.1% of the samples and free-marginal Kappa scores from 0.635 to 0.701) was consistently observed in all datasets for four molecular subtypes (luminal, basal-like, HER2, and normal breast-like). When luminal cancers were subdivided (luminal A, B, and C), none of the classification systems produced substantial agreement (Kappa >= 0.61) in all the datasets analyzed. Analysis of each subtype separately revealed that only two (basal-like and HER2) could be reproducibly identified by independent observers (Kappa >= 0.81). Conclusions Assignment of molecular subtype classes of breast cancer based on the analysis of dendrograms obtained with hierarchical cluster analysis is subjective and shows modest interobserver reproducibility. For the development of a molecular taxonomy, objective definitions for each molecular subtype and standardized methods for their identification are required