Improved Photovoltaic Performance of Heterostructured Tetrapod-Shaped CdSe/CdTe Nanocrystals Using C60 Interlayer

[*] Prof. G. Gigli, Dr. Y. Q. Li, R. Mastria, A. Fiore, Dr. C. Nobile, Dr. L. X. Yin, Dr. M. Biasiucci, Dr. G. Cheng, Prof. R. Cingolani, Dr. L. Manna National Nanotechnology Lab of CNR-INFM (NNL) University of Salento Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce (Italy) E-mail: [email protected] Dr. M. Biasiucci, Prof. A. M. Cucolo Physical Department ''E. R. Caianiello'' University of Salerno Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA) (Italy

Synthesis of new calcineurin inhibitors via Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions

In dieser Dissertation versuche ich, die zentralen Nitrogen-heterocyclischen Kerne, die Seitenketten und deren Position zu variieren. Als synthetische Strategie wurden Palladium-katalysierte Kupplungsreaktionen verwendet, um Seitenketten und Aryl-Substituenten einzuführen. Halogensubstituierte Diarylheterocyclen sind wichtige Intermediate in der Synthese der allgemeine Strukture. Die Einführung der gewünschten Seitenketten durch Carbon-Carbon und Carbon-Nitrogen-Bindungsknüpfung wurde durch Sonogashira-Kupplung, Heck-Kupplung und Buchwald-Hartwig-Aminierung erzielt. Mit der Sonogashira-Reaktion kann eine funktionalisierte Alkynylgruppe in die heterocyclischen Kerne effektiv und bequem eingeführt werden. Eine anschliessende katalytische Hydrierung der Alkynylgruppe führt zu funktionalisierten Alkyl substituierten Diarylheterocyclen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden mehr als 180 Substanzen synthetisiert. Unter ihnen sind ungefähr 130 neue Substanzen. 86 von ihnen passen in die allgemeine Strukture.In the present thesis, I tried to vary the central nitrogen-heterocyclic cores, the functionalised side chains and its position of attachment. As a synthetic strategy, palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions were used to introduce side chains and aryl substituents into the central heterocycle. In this way the utility of such reactions to heterocyclic systems, which were neglected so far, could be figured out. Halogen substituted diaryl heterocycles are important intermediates in the synthesis of general structures. The introduction of the desired side chains by Carbon-Carbon bond formation reactions was achieved by Sonogashira coupling and Heck coupling. Buchwald-Hartwig amination and nucleophilic substitution were used to establish side chains which are connected to the core heterocycle by heteroatom-Carbon bonds. Sonogashira reaction turned out to be the most effective and convenient method to introduce functionalized alkynyl group into the heterocyclic cores. In the present work, more than 180 compounds were synthesized. Among them, about 130 compounds are new products. 86 of them fit into the general structure

Improved Photovoltaic Performance of Heterostructured Tetrapod-Shaped CdSe/CdTe Nanocrystals Using C60 Interlayer

Photovoltaic (PV) devices based on CdSe/CdTe-C60 active layers, in which the nanocrystal and fullerene (C60) layers work as electron-donor and electron-acceptor/transport layers, respectively, were fabricated. Efficiencies up to 0.62% were reached in the hybrid cells. The PV performance was greatly improved with respect to that of CdSe/CdTe-P3HT- an CdSe/CdTe-based devices, fabricated as reference