365 research outputs found

    Nutrition for weight loss in overweight cats

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    Övervikt och fetma Ă€r ett vanligt problem hos tamkatter. Detta pĂ„verkar hĂ€lsotillstĂ„ndet hos djuret och kan leda till en ökad risk att drabbas av följdsjukdomar samt till en försĂ€mrad livskvalitet. Det Ă€r dĂ€rför essentiellt att övervikt och fetma behandlas. För att fĂ„ en sĂ€ker viktnedgĂ„ng Ă€r det viktigt att anvĂ€nda sig av en lĂ€mplig diet. Det finns olika nutritionella principer för viktminskning hos katt. Syftet med denna studie var att gĂ„ igenom litteraturen för tre av dem samt undersöka om och hur dessa typer av viktminskningsfoder anvĂ€nds kliniskt i Sverige. Denna kandidatuppsats bestĂ„r av en sammanstĂ€llande litteraturstudie i kombination med en intervjustudie gjord med en viktminskningsansvarig djurhĂ€lsopersonal respektive en butiksanstĂ€lld pĂ„ tvĂ„ olika djursjukhus i Sverige. De tre viktminskningsfoder som undersöktes i denna studie var traditionellt viktminskningsfoder, metabolt foder samt vĂ„tfoder. Dessa fodertyper hade vart och ett vetenskapliga evidens av olika grad för att ge en framgĂ„ngsrik viktminskning hos överviktiga katter genom olika verkningsmekanismer. Dock Ă€r forskningen inom omrĂ„det generellt sparsam och fler studier behövs som behandlar nutrition hos överviktiga katter. Ett traditionellt viktminskningsfoder har fokuserat pĂ„ att minska mĂ€ngden kalorier genom ett lĂ„gt fettinnehĂ„ll och ökat fiber- och/eller proteininnehĂ„ll, vilket bidrar till en lĂ€gre energidensitet. Studier visade att genom ett högt proteininnehĂ„ll i viktminskningsfoder kunde energiutgiften hos överviktiga katter öka om fodret gavs med energirestriktion. Foder med högt proteininnehĂ„ll kunde ges med lĂ€gre energirestriktion jĂ€mfört med foder med lĂ„gt proteininnehĂ„ll. Det ökade Ă€ven förlusten av kroppsfett och frĂ€mjade bevarandet av fettfri massa hos överviktiga katter som gick ner i vikt. Till skillnad frĂ„n traditionellt viktminskningsfoder innehĂ„ller metabolt foder tillsatser av vissa nĂ€ringsĂ€mnen, bland annat L-karnitin, i syfte att öka fettförbrĂ€nningen. Studier visade pĂ„ en viktminskning med gott resultat, oavsett om fodret gavs med eller utan energirestriktion, hos överviktiga katter som Ă„t ett metabolt foder innehĂ„llande komponenter som ökade fettförbrĂ€nningen. Vissa av dessa studier kan dock möjligen anses jĂ€viga, respektive var icke publicerade. VĂ„tfoder har ett lĂ„gt innehĂ„ll av kalorier tack vare den mĂ€ngd vĂ€tska som finns i fodret och kan ges med eller utan energirestriktion. Vatten som ingrediens i ett foder bidrar till att kaloridensiteten minskas och fodret vĂ€ger mer utan att mer energi har tillsatts. Flera studier visade att en diet bestĂ„ende av vĂ„tfoder eller en kombination av vĂ„t- och torrfoder ledde till framgĂ„ngsrik viktminskning, delvis genom en ökad mĂ€ttnadskĂ€nsla. I intervjustudien genomfördes tvĂ„ intervjuer. I intervjuerna framkom det att dessa tre typer av viktminskningsfoder anvĂ€nds pĂ„ djursjukhus i Sverige och ger en viktminskning med gott resultat. Den ena respondenten upplevde bĂ€ttre viktminskningsresultat vid anvĂ€ndning av traditionellt viktminskningsfoder jĂ€mfört med metabolt foder och vĂ„tfoder. Den andra respondenten upplevde inte nĂ„gon skillnad i resultat mellan de tre fodren. Intervjustudien fĂ„r ses som exempel frĂ„n klinisk verksamhet och Ă€r ej representerbar för alla djursdjukhus i Sverige. För att kunna dra slutsatser om alla djursjukhus i Sverige behövs ett större urval. Det finns för- och nackdelar med de olika fodren, men alla har vetenskapliga evidens och bidrar till viktminskning med gott resultat. Det gĂ„r ej att konkludera vilken nutritionell viktminskningsprincip som fungerar bĂ€st för alla katter utan val av viktminskningsfoder fĂ„r ses som individuellt och anpassas efter djurĂ€garen och katten för att fĂ„ ett lyckat viktminskningsresultat.It is common that pet cats are overweight or obese which may lead to a decreased quality of life and an increased risk of secondary diseases. Therefore, it is essential that overweight and obesity is treated. It is important to use a suitable diet when losing weight to ensure a safe and healthy weight loss. Different nutritional regimens can be used in feline weight-loss management. The aim of this study was to evaluate three different nutritional regimens and investigate how those weight-loss diets were used in clinical environments in Sweden. This bachelor’s thesis is a combined literatureand interview study, where an animal healthcare professional and a store employee at two animal hospitals in Sweden were interviewed. This study reviewed three different weight-loss diets; traditional weight-loss diets, metabolic diets and wet or canned food. The different diets all contributed to successful weight loss through separate mechanisms and withheld scientific evidence in varying degrees for its effectiveness. Research on nutrition for feline weight loss is scarce and additional research is required. A traditional weight-loss diet aims for a lower energy density, by reducing fat content while increasing fiber- or protein content. Studies showed that by increasing proteins in a diet, the energy expenditure increased in overweight cats when the diet was given with an energy restriction. Diets with high protein levels could be given with a lower energy restriction compared to diets low in proteins. Furthermore, a diet with high levels of protein increased the loss of adipose tissue in overweight cats while lean body mass was preserved. In contrast to traditional weight-loss diets, metabolic diets consist of nutritional additives, such as L-carnitine, that aim to increase fat oxidation. Studies showed successful weight loss with those diets, regardless if the diet was given with or without energy restriction. However, some of those studies may be considered biased or were unpublished. Wet or canned food has, due to the amount of added water, a low-calorie content and can be given with or without energy restriction. Water lowers the calorie density and the food increases in weight without increasing in energy content. Several studies showed that both wet-food diets and combined wet- and dry-food diets led to successful weight loss, partly because of an increased satiation. Two interviews were conducted in the interview study. The interviews revealed that these three types of weight loss diets are used in animal hospitals in Sweden and give a weight loss with good results. One respondent experienced better weight loss results when using a traditional weight loss diet compared to metabolic diet and wet food. The second respondent did not experience any difference in results between the three diets. The interview study can be seen as an example from clinical activities and is not representative of all animal hospitals in Sweden. In order to be able to draw conclusions about all animal hospitals in Sweden, a larger selection is needed. The different diets regimens come with both pros and cons but had all scientific evidence and successfully contribute to weight loss. It is not possible to conclude which nutritional weight-loss regimen that is the best for all cats, and the choice of a weight-loss diet should be seen as an individual decision that should be adapted to the owner and the cat to achieve a successful weight loss

    Exploring the competition between variable renewable electricity and a carbon-neutral baseload technology

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    In this paper we explore the competition between variable renewable energy sources (VRE) and a carbon-neutral baseload technology in the transition to a low-carbon power system. We study a stylized system subject to a gradually increasing carbon tax using an agent-based model where agents are power companies investing in new capacity. The agents make predictions of the profitability of different investment options. Five electricity generating technologies are available in the model: coal, gas, wind, solar PV and a more expensive carbon-neutral baseload technology. We compare the output from our model with a corresponding optimization model. We present two main findings: (1)\ua0installed capacity of VRE initially increases with a carbon tax. However, once the carbon tax has reached a certain level the installed capacity of VRE starts to decline due to competition with the stylized carbon-neutral baseload technology. (2)\ua0With limited foresight we find that the model underinvests (first 25 years) in wind and then overinvests in wind compared to the optimal solution. The reasons for these dynamic phenomena are explained and an extensive sensitivity analysis is carried out

    Vad försöker du sÀga? En studie om tolkningsutrymmet Emojis ger i SMS-kommunikation

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    Att beskriva kÀnslor med hjÀlp av text Àr ett av basbehoven som finns hos varje individ. VÄra förÀldrar har uttryckt dem i brev och dagböcker vilket till följd av Internets framfart har utvecklats till email, chatt och SMS. Symboler har funnits och anvÀnts lÄngt innan den textuella kommunikationen och i takt med att samhÀllet moderniseras har symbolanvÀndning nu nÄtt dagens digitala kanaler. Denna studie Àmnar dÀrmed undersöka huruvida ikoniserat sprÄk har kommit att förÀndra digital kommunikation, med fokus pÄ Emoji-anvÀndning i SMS-kommunikation. MÄnga forskare menar att symbolanvÀndande i SMS bidrar till en positiv utveckling av sprÄket och att vi med hjÀlp av Emojis lÀttare kan uttrycka vad vi egentligen kÀnner. Andra menar att sprÄket istÀllet hÀmmas och att risken för feltolkningar enkelt kan uppstÄ. Studien visade pÄ en skillnad i tolkningsutrymmen mellan olika Äldersgrupper vilket kan bero pÄ att Äldersgrupperna anvÀndarvana kring fenomenet skiljer sig Ät. Vi fann Àven att anvÀndandet av symboler inte enbart anvÀnds för att det Àr kul eller man enkelt kan förmedla kÀnslor med hjÀlp av dem. Symbolerna anvÀnds ocksÄ pÄ grund av lathet, tvÄng eller för att dölja den faktiska kÀnslan som mottagaren har.Describing feelings with the help of text is one of the basic requirements contained in each individual. Our parents have expressed them in letters and diaries, and as a result of the Internet's rampage this has developed to email, chat and SMS. Symbols have existed and been used long before the textual communication, and as society modernizes the symbolic use has now reached today's digital channels. This study intends therefore to examine whether iconized language has come to change the digital communication, with a focus on Emoji use in text message-communication. Many researchers believe that the use of symbols in text messages contributes to a positive development of the language and that with the help of Emojis makes it easier to express what we really feel. Others believe that symbols rather inhibit language and that the risk of misinterpretation can easily occur. The study showed a difference in interpretation spaces between the different age groups, which may be due to different user habits. We also found that the use of symbols not only are used for fun or that one uses them to easily convey their emotions through them. The symbols are also used because of laziness, coercion, or to hide the actual feeling that the recipient has

    "LÄt alla folk vara herrar i sina egna hus" - En analys av Sverigedemokraternas kÀrnideologiska förÀndring 2005-2018

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    2007 publicerade statsvetaren Cas Mudde en bok dÀr han definierade partifamiljen benÀmnd populistiskt högerradikala pÄ basis av tre kÀrnideologiska kÀnnetecken: nativism, auktoritarianism och populism. I boken klassificerades Sverigedemokraterna som tillhörande denna partifamilj. Genom analys av Sverigedemokraternas officiella partimaterial efter 2007 har vi undersökt om partiet har genomgÄtt förÀndringar betrÀffande Muddes kÀrnideologiska klassificeringsgrunder och om Sverigedemokraterna fortsatt kan klassificeras som populistiskt högerradikala. VÄrt slutresultat visar att det inte har skett nÄgon fundamental förÀndring i Sverigedemokraternas kÀrnideologi och att de dÀrmed fortsatt Àr populistiskt högerradikala utifrÄn Muddes definition

    Impression management i svenska storbankers VD-ord

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    Herd-level prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis in Swedish dairy herds determined by antibody ELISA and PCR on bulk tank milk and herd characteristics associated with seropositivity

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    Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogen causing pneumonia, mastitis, and arthritis in cattle, leading to reduced animal welfare and economic losses worldwide. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the prevalence of M. bovis in bulk tank milk (BTM) and herd characteristics associated with a positive antibody test result in Swedish dairy herds. Bulk tank milk samples from all Swedish dairy herds (n = 3,144) were collected and analyzed with ID Screen antibody ELISA and PCR. Information on herd characteristics was collected from the national Dairy Herd Improvement database. To identify herd characteristics associated with the presence of antibodies in BTM, logistic regression was used in 4 different models. The apparent herd-level prevalence of M. bovis infection based on antibodies in BTM was 4.8%, with large regional differences ranging from 0 to 20%. None of the BTM samples was positive by PCR. All the antibody-positive herds were situated in the south of Sweden. The logistic regression model showed that larger herds had higher odds of detectable antibodies in BTM (herd size >120 cows, odds ratio = 8.8). An association was also found between antibodies in BTM and both a higher late calf mortality (2–6 mo) and a higher young stock mortality (6–15 mo). This study showed a clear regional difference in the apparent prevalence of M. bovis infection based on antibodies. The relatively low prevalence of M. bovis in Sweden is a strong motivator for the cattle industry to take steps to prevent further spread of the infection. It is essential that the M. bovis status of free herds be known, and the regional differences shown in this study suggest that testing is highly recommended when live cattle from high-prevalence areas are being introduced into herds. We do not recommend using PCR on BTM to detect infected herds, owing to the low detection frequency in this study

    Blue justice : A survey for eliciting perceptions of environmental justice among coastal planners' and small-scale fishers in Northern-Norway

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    Ocean-based economic development arising from an increasing interest in the 'blue economy' is placing ecosystems and small-scale fisheries under pressure. The dominant policy response for dealing with multiple uses is the allocation of coastal space through coastal zone planning (CZP). Recent studies have shown that the rush to develop the blue economy and regulate coastal activity can result in social injustices and the exclusion of less powerful and unrecognized groups (e.g., small-scale fishers, women, Indigenous peoples and youth). To achieve a primary goal of the 2030 sustainable development agenda to "leave no one behind", it is important to understand the implications of coastal planning and development for these groups. Here, we present a social survey protocol for examining perceptions of justice related to small-scale fisheries (SSF) in the context of the blue economy in coastal areas. Specifically, we designed the survey instrument and sampling protocol to assess whether decisions about the use of the coastal zone over the last five years have i) followed principles of good governance, ii) recognized fishers' knowledge, culture and rights and iii) been attentive to impacts of changed coastal zone use on fisheries. The survey will engage coastal planners (N = app. 120) and fishers (N = app. 4300) in all the coastal municipalities (N = 81) in Northern-Norway. The sampling protocol is designed to ensure representation of different sectors of society, including those defined by gender, age, ethnicity and occupation (e.g., small-scale fishers, large-scale fishers, coastal planners).Peer reviewe
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