Producción científica sobre tuberculosis en Cali - Colombia, 2007-2016

Tuberculosis is a global public health problem. The program for Tuberculosis control of Cali must adopt one of their fundamental pillars: research and innovation, for which it requires evaluating the literature developed locally about this disease, in order to establish a baseline of scientific production, to be able to create improvement strategies and public health policies in this regard. The objective of this study has been to conduct an inventory of the scientific production on Tuberculosis in Cali, between 2007 and 2016, identifying the research which contributed to the implementation of control and prevention actions. Finished works were sought such as they were based in any area of knowledge in Tuberculosis in different databases, physical repositories of local university libraries, platforms of scientific groups and met with researchers and staff of the municipal and departmental Secretary of Public Health. Ninety four documents were identified, developed by 13 different institutions.PublishedLa tuberculosis es un problema de salud pública global. El programa de control de tuberculosis de Cali debe adoptar uno de sus pilares fundamentales: la investigación y la innovación, para lo cual requiere evaluar la literatura desarrollada localmente sobre esta enfermedad, con el fin de establecer una línea de base de la producción científica, para poder crear estrategias de mejora y políticas de salud pública al respecto. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un inventario de la producción científica sobre tuberculosis en Cali, entre 2007 y 2016, identificando las investigaciones que contribuyeron a la implementación de acciones de control y prevención. Se buscaron trabajos finalizados que abordaran sobre cualquier área del conocimiento en Tuberculosis en diferentes bases de datos, repositorios físicos de bibliotecas universitarias locales, plataformas de grupos científicos y se entrevistaron investigadores y personal de las secretarías de Salud Pública municipal y departamental. Se identificaron 94 trabajos, desarrollados por 13 instituciones diferente

Recomendaciones para la implementación del plan de control de infecciones para reducir el riesgo de tuberculosis para visitantes y trabajadores en instituciones prestadoras de salud

It is a call to promote the World Health Organization's recommendation to contribute to the global "END TUBERCULSIS" strategy through advocacy, operational research, and innovation.Es un llamado a promover la recomendación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud de contribuir con la estrategia mundial “FIN A LA TUBERCULSOSIS” a través de ejercicio de abogacía, investigación operativa e innovació

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacterium identified by Robert Koch in 1882 and that after a little more than a century, is recognized as the leading cause of death due to an infectious disease. TB usually affects the lungs, but it can also affect other organs. Because its transmission is from person to person by inhalation of droplet-containing-bacteria suspended in the air, this disease is a public health concern. Daily, health workers are exposed to numerous hazards, including close contact with infectious patients and their potentially contaminated environment. It is estimated that about 1,000 health workers contract HIV,for reasons of their work and it is presumed that cases of tuberculosis, exceeds this number. Among the factors that explain the risk of infection with the consequent development of active TB are: the number of patients with TB treated, the function or occupation, the workplace, the delay in the diagnosis of patients and most importantly the lack of biosafety policies and measures in work environments, which facilitates direct exposure. We present here a current review of the status of occupational TB in the city of Cali during 2015 to 2017. This work was supported by the city’s municipal health secretariat and the TB program. We emphasize the importance of continuing the evaluation of this disease in vulnerable populations such as health workers and evaluate the preventive measures suggested by international agencies (Pan American Health Organization and Center for Disease Control) to mitigate the impact of TB in the city.PublishedLa tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica, producida por Mycobacterium tuberculosis, una bacteria identificada por Robert Koch en 1882 y que posterior a un poco más de un siglo, es reconocida como la causa líder de muertes debidas a una enfermedad infecciosa. Por lo general, tiene afectación pulmonar, pero también puede afectar otros órganos. Debido a que su transmisión es de persona a persona por inhalación de partículas contaminados con el microorganismo que están suspendidos en el ambiente, esta enfermedad en un problema de salud pública. A diario, los trabajadores de la salud se encuentran expuestos a numerosos peligros, siendo los contaminantes biológicos uno de los principales riesgos. A nivel mundial, se estima que cerca de 1.000 trabajadores de la salud contraen VIH en el mundo y se presume que los casos de tuberculosis ocupacional supera esta cifra. Entre los factores que explican el riesgo de infección con el consecuente desarrollo de TB activa se destacan: la cantidad de pacientes con TB atendidos, la función u ocupación, el sitio de trabajo, el retraso en el diagnóstico de los pacientes y lo más importante la falta de políticas y medidas de bioseguridad en los entornos laborales, que facilita la exposición sea directa. Presentamos aquí una revisión actual del estado de la TB ocupacional en la ciudad de Cali entre 2015 y 2017. Este trabajo fue apoyado por la Secretaría Municipal de Salud de la ciudad y el programa de TB. Resaltamos la importancia de continuar la evaluación de esta enfermedad en población vulnerable como son los trabajadores de la salud y evaluar las medidas preventivas sugeridas por instancias internacionales (Organización Panamericana de la Salud y el Center for Disease Control) para mitigar el impacto de la TB en la ciudad

Estudios de la tuberculosis desde la Sucursal del Cielo

PublishedEste libro está dirigido a la comunidad académica, científica y en general a aquellas personas interesadas en ampliar sus conocimientos sobre la tuberculosis. Iniciamos con una revisión general de la evolución de las metodologías diagnósticas. Posteriormente, destacamos diferentes trabajos de investigación realizados en Cali y el Valle del Cauca en torno a la tuberculosis, resaltando herramientas empleadas para la vigilancia epidemiológica de la enfermedad, así como el estudio de la tuberculosis en población vulnerable (tuberculosis infantil y la incidencia de esta enfermedad en trabajadores de la salud en los últimos años en Cali). Este libro resalta la necesidad de entender el enfoque humano que rodea esta enfermedad, en esa dirección los dos últimos capítulos los enfocamos en las creencias sobre la tuberculosis y la interacción del paciente con las entidades prestadoras de servicios de salud. Esperamos que nuestro libro genere importantes aportes a aquellos que se involucran en el estudio de esta enfermedad que ha acompañado al hombre probablemente desde su presencia en el planeta y sea, además, el insumo de futuros investigadores en las diversas áreas del conocimiento que confluyen en el entendimiento de esta enfermedad infecciosa

Vulnerabilidade social e tuberculose: um círculo vicioso

La tuberculosis (TB) representa una importante causa de morbilidad y una de las diez primeras causas de mortalidad en el mundo, asociada con problemas económicos, vulnerabilidad, marginación, estigma y discriminación. A partir de un estudio mixto que triangula datos cuantitativos e información cualitativa, se presentan los principales resultados de la caracterización de la vulnerabilidad social de personas con TB en el municipio de Cali - Colombia, basado en el modelo AVEO que analiza la vulnerabilidad social relacionado los activos y los pasivos que poseen las personas y las oportunidades que ofrece el contexto. Los resultados muestran activos, pasivos y oportunidades relacionadas con el tratamiento de la TB, articuladas a través de dimensiones demográficas, biológicas, socioeconómicas, psicosociales y de hábitat. Se concluye que existe un círculo vicioso entre condiciones de vulnerabilidad social y tuberculosis, en el que las personas con mayores niveles de vulnerabilidad social se ven más afectadas por la enfermedad en todas las dimensiones de su existencia, aumentando o mantenido los niveles de vulnerabilidad, lo que requiere intervenciones multisectoriales que sobrepasan los servicios de salud.Tuberculosis (TB) represents an important cause of morbidity and one of the top ten causes of mortality in the world, associated with economic problems, vulnerability, marginalization, stigma and discrimination. From a mixed study that triangulates quantitative data and qualitative information, the main results of the characterization of the social vulnerability of people with TB in the municipality of Cali - Colombia are presented, based on the AVEO model that analyzes the social vulnerability related to assets and liabilities that people possess and the opportunities that the context offers. The results show assets, liabilities and opportunities related to TB treatment, articulated through demographic, biological, socioeconomic, psychosocial and habitat dimensions. It is concluded that there is a vicious circle between conditions of social vulnerability and tuberculosis, in which people with higher levels of social vulnerability are more affected by the disease in all dimensions of their existence, increasing or maintaining levels of vulnerability, which that requires multisectoral interventions that go beyond health services.  A tuberculose (TB) é uma das principais causas de morbidade e uma das dez principais causas de mortalidade no mundo, associada a problemas econômicos, vulnerabilidade, marginalização, estigma e discriminação. Com base em um estudo misto que triangula dados quantitativos e informações qualitativas, são apresentados os principais resultados da caracterização da vulnerabilidade social das pessoas com TB no município de Cali - Colômbia, com base no modelo AVEO que analisa a vulnerabilidade social em relação aos ativos e passivos que as pessoas possuem e as oportunidades oferecidas pelo contexto. Os resultados mostram ativos, passivos e oportunidades relacionadas ao tratamento da TB, articuladas através das dimensões demográfica, biológica, sócio-econômica, psicossocial e de habitat. Conclui-se que existe um círculo vicioso entre as condições de vulnerabilidade social e a tuberculose, no qual as pessoas com níveis mais elevados de vulnerabilidade social são mais afetadas pela doença em todas as dimensões de sua existência, aumentando ou mantendo os níveis de vulnerabilidade, o que requer intervenções multisetoriais que vão além dos serviços de saúde

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally