Applications of Cholangiopancreatoscopy in Pancreaticobiliary Diseases

Recent advances in imaging technology provide improved direct visualization of the common bile duct (CBD) and pancreatic duct (PD) using small caliber endoscopes and thus allow a wide array of therapeutic interventions. This chapter will review the technique of cholangiopancreatoscopy (CP), indications, effectiveness, and complications as well as the current commercially available options. We will discuss various methods of diagnostic and therapeutic cholangioscopy such as intraductal tissue sampling and biopsy in patients with indeterminate biliary strictures along with its role in the management of difficult bile duct stones. Finally, we will also analyze the role of pancreatoscopy in the evaluation of suspected neoplasms of the pancreas, assessment of pancreatic duct (PD) strictures, and in the treatment of pancreatic duct stones

Exploring Student Learning Experience of Systems Engineering Course Developed for Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering Graduates

This paper describes the introduction to the concepts and methodology of Systems Engineering to the students of a graduate Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering program in the University of xxxxxx. This graduate course was initially developed to be a part of traditional face to face lecture-based curriculum, however with the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, it was restructured to be discoursed in an online format. This paper discusses on course structure used to enforce online systems engineering learning over a period of 14 weeks. This included addressing the basic concepts of systems engineering to provide the students’ knowledge to facilitate transformation of operational needs to a well-defined system. Further, students reviewed the iterative design process of problem formulation, analysis, optimization, design synthesis, system integration, and testing along with developing an ability to compare systems engineering life cycle models from INCOSE, Department of Defense, and NASA. To measure the student understanding and the ability to translate the concepts learning to real world applications, student teams were tasked to use CanSat 2021-22 competition as a case study. The survey instruments used over the course timeline to understand student learning experience are explained

Green economy metrics as a promoter of sustainable development in universities. Case study: El Bosque University

The exchange that occurs in universities when they participate in international rankings is an important space to share and grow in the academic production of teachers and in the training of students. At the beginning, the sustainable social responsibility system was adhered only to the industry due to the increase in large-scale production; however, the academy has taken a voice and vote on this climate phenomenon. This is why projects aimed at sustainability have been proposed in universities that aim at a green economy. Likewise, the UI Green Metric Rankings allows higher education institutions worldwide to measure their sustainable actions in different categories on a voluntary basis.For this reason, this article presents the best practices of the University El Bosque against the different indicators that the UI Green Metric measures, such as infrastructure, energy and climate change, waste, water, transport and education. Consequently, the concept of sustainability has become a vital element for the development of programs that involve the institution in internationalization through the global recognition generated by being participants and being able to be in the range of green universities.As a conclusion of this exchange, Based on responsible production methods with the natural and social environment or Clean Modalities, a production cycle is proposed that opens the possibility of integrating with other related production systems that receive their waste as raw materials in a network, this is Symbiotic Cycle. To arrive at the approach of a symbiotic disposal of waste as inputs with other production systems in such a way as to consolidate a set of sustainable organizations that collaborate with each other and that continuously recover the value to increase efficiency.Keyword: sustainability, green economy, sustainable developmen

Depresión, ansiedad y suicidalidad en una población de Lima Metropolitana durante la pandemia por COVID-19

Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia y los factores asociados a depresión, ansiedad y suicidalidad en una población de Lima Metropolitana durante la pandemia por el virus SARS-CoV2. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal y analítico; el tipo de muestreo fue no probabilístico en “bola de nieve”, se utilizaron dos encuestas virtuales, la Escala de Psicopatología Depresiva-6 y la Escala de Ansiedad de Lima-20. Se calcularon razones de prevalencias crudas (RPc) y ajustadas (RPa) con intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%) por regresiones de Poisson con varianza robusta. Las variables con valores de p< 0,10 se incluyeron en el análisis multivariado. Resultados: El 12,4% presentó depresión, 23,1% ansiedad y 5,3% suicidalidad. En el modelo multivariado se encontró asociación significativa entre ser divorciado(a) / viudo (a) / separado(a) (RPa=2,19; IC:1,18-4,07), tener estudios superiores completos (RPa=0,44; IC:0,28-0,69) e incompletos (RPa=0,26; IC:0,14-0,48) y no tener trabajo (RPa=3,51; IC:0,79-10,22) con depresión. Hubo asociación significativa entre género femenino (RPa=1,62; IC:1,25-2,09), ser joven (RPa=3,24; IC:1,34-7,83), ser adulto (RPa =3,48; IC: 1,43-8,46), tener estudios superiores completos (RPa=0,44; IC:0,33-0,58) y ser trabajador independiente (RPa=2,94; IC:1,37-6,29) con ansiedad. El género femenino (RPa=0,48; IC:0,27-0,85), ser divorciado(a)/viudo(a)/separado(a) (RPa=4,69; IC:2,23-9,83) y ser trabajador dependiente (RPa=0,24; IC:0,10-0,57) fueron factores asociados a suicidalidad. Conclusiones: El tipo de a depresión, ansiedad y suicidalidad; el género, a ansiedad y suicidalidad; el estado civil, a depresión idalidad; el grado de instrucción, a depresión y ansiedad; y, el rango etario, a ansiedad.Objectives: To determine the frequency and factors associated with depression, anxiety and suicidality in a population of Lima Metropolitan Area during the SARSCoV-2 pandemic. Materials and methods: Observational, cross-sectional and analytical study; the type of sampling was non-probabilistic “snowball”, two virtual surveys were used, the Depressive Psychopathology Scale-6 and the Lima Anxiety Scale-20. Crude (PRc) and adjusted (PRa) prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by Poisson regressions with robust variance. Variables with p-values <0,10 were included in the multivariate analysis. Results: 12,4% had depression, 23,1% anxiety and 5,3% suicidality %. In the multivariate model, an association was found between being divorced / widowed / separated (PRa=2,19; CI:1,18-4,07), being graduate (PRa=0,44; CI:0,28-0,69), being undergraduate (PRa=0,26; CI:0,14-0,48) and being unemployed (PRa=3,51; CI:0,79- 10,22) with depression. There was a significant association between female gender (PRa=1,62; CI:1,25-2,09), being young (PRa=3,24; CI:1,34-7,83), being an adult (PRa=3,48; CI:1,43-8,46), being graduate (PRa=0,44; CI:0,33-0,58) and being independent employee (PRa=2,94; CI:1,37-6,29) with anxiety. Female gender (PRa=0,48; CI:0,27-0,85), being divorced / widowed / separated (PRa=4,69; CI:2,23-9,83) and being dependent employee (PRa=0,24; CI:0,10-0,57) were factors associated with suicidality. Conclusions: Occupation type was significantly associated with depression, anxiety and suicidality; gender with anxiety and suicidality; marital status with depression and suicidality; education level with depression and anxiety; and age range with anxiety

Full Information Product Pricing: An Information Strategy for Harnessing Consumer Choice to Create a More Sustainable World

Research and practice in the information systems (IS) field have been evolving over time, nourishing and promoting the development of applications that transform the relationships of individuals, corporations, and governments. Building on this evolution, we push forward a vision of the potential influence of the IS field into one of the most important problems of our times, an increasingly unsustainable world, which is traditionally considered the product of imperfect markets or market externalities. We describe our work in Full Information Product Pricing (FIPP) and our vision of a FIPP global socio-technical system, I-Choose, as a way to connect consumer choice and values with environmental, social, and economic effects of production and distribution practices. FIPP and I-Choose represent a vision about how information systems research can contribute to interdisciplinary research in supply chains, governance, and market economies to provide consumers with information packages that help them better understand how, where, and by whom the products they buy are produced. We believe that such a system will have important implications for international trade and agreements, for public policy, and for making a more sustainable world

Ávila: acceso vía Internet a los laboratorios

ÁVILA es una herramienta desarrollada dentro del Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica para acceder a los laboratorios de Redes y Comunicaciones vía Internet. El objetivo más importante que se ha perseguido con esta herramienta es permitir a los alumnos realizar prácticas de laboratorio de manera remota, ya que se tiene un acceso completo a los equipos de comunicaciones como si se estuviera in sit

Evaluación de métodos de extracción de prolina como indicador de osmoprotección en dos especies de la familia chenopodiaceae.

El aumento de sales en los suelos representa una notable amenaza para la supervivencia de las plantas, y repercute consecuentemente en los niveles agroalimentarios, disminuyendo la capacidad de producción y cosecha en los suelos agrícolas generando grandes pérdidas, tanto económicas, como biológicas considerando las áreas de cultivo. En la presente investigación se determinó mediante espectrofotometría de luz visible, el contenido de prolina libre en las hojas, tallos y raíces de Suaeda nigra y Atriplex canescens, especies de la familia Chenopodiaceae, extraída por diferentes métodos. Los valores promedio del contenido de este aminoácido para ambas especies van de 25.614 a 2.457 µmoles/mg para S. nigra y A. canescensrespectivamente. Los métodos de extracción no influyeron en el contenido de prolina de S. nigra, mientras que en A. canescens, cuando el extracto fue obtenido por el método de macerado más sonicado con dilución previa, los resultados son más altos y estadísticamente diferentes a los obtenidos cuando la muestra fue extraída únicamente por el método de sonicado y con dilución posterior

Serum Alanine Aminotransferase Levels, Hematocrit Rate and Body Weight Correlations Before and After Hemodialysis Session

PURPOSE: To evaluate alanine aminotransferase levels before and after a hemodialysis session and to correlate these values with the hematocrit rate and weight loss during hemodialysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The serum alanine aminotransferase levels, hematocrit rate and body weight were measured and correlated before and after a single hemodialysis session for 146 patients with chronic renal failure. An receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the serum alanine aminotransferase levels collected before and after hemodialysis was plotted to identify hepatitis C virus-infected patients. RESULTS: The mean weight loss of the 146 patients during hemodialysis was 5.3% (p < 0.001). The mean alanine aminotransferase levels before and after hemodialysis were 18.8 and 23.9 IU/, respectively, denoting a significant 28.1% increase. An equally significant increase of 16.4% in the hematocrit rate also occurred after hemodialysis. The weight loss was inversely correlated with the rise in both the alanine aminotransferase level (r = 0.3; p < 0.001) and hematocrit rate (r = 0.5; p < 0.001). A direct correlation was found between the rise in alanine aminotransferase levels and the hematocrit during the hemodialysis session (r = 0.4; p < 0.001). Based on the ROC curve, the upper limit of the normal alanine aminotransferase level should be reduced by 40% relative to the upper limit of normal if the blood samples are collected before the hemodialysis session or by 60% if blood samples are collected after the session. CONCLUSION: In the present study, significant elevations in the serum alanine aminotransferase levels and hematocrit rates occurred in parallel to a reduction in body weight after the hemodialysis session. These findings suggest that one of the factors for low alanine aminotransferase levels prior to hemodialysis could be hemodilution in patients with chronic renal failure

Aplicación de MATLAB® al diseño de mecanismos

En este artículo se presenta la aplicación informática DISMEC desarrollada en el entorno MATLAB® para el diseño cinemático de mecanismos. Esta aplicación es un complemento docente en la asignatura de Cinemática y Dinámica de Máquinas impartida en el plan de estudios de Ingeniero Industrial. El alumno puede seleccionar un mecanismo de la librería predefinida y definir la geometría y los parámetros de entrada del mismo. Después puede realizar tanto el análisis cinemático como la síntesis de generación de trayectorias de un punto del mismo. Los resultados se muestran de una forma gráfica y mediante animaciones se consigue simular el movimiento real que tendría el mecanismo. Se pretenden conseguir de esta manera dos objetivos fundamentales: (i) que los alumnos que se inician en el estudio de la Cinemática de Mecanismos cuenten con una herramienta sencilla de utilizar para realizar sus primeras simulaciones numéricas y (ii) transmitir al alumnado de grado de forma eficiente y cercana el conocimiento generado por las investigaciones en síntesis cinemática del Grupo de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Universidad de Cantabria