ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПІДГОТОВКИ МОЛОДШИХ МЕДИЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛІСТІВ З ПРЕДМЕТА «МЕДИЦИНА КАТАСТРОФ» ЗА ФАХОМ «СЕСТРИНСЬКА СПРАВА»

The article adduces the necessity and expedience of studying the discipline «Medicine of catastrophes» on the prediploma stage of gunior medical and specialist's training the experience of teaching of this discipline at the nursing department of Kremenets Medical School by Arsen Richynskyi.У статті обгрунтовано необхідність та доцільність вивчення дисципліни «Медицина катастроф» на IV курсі підготовки молодшого медичного персоналу та наведено досвід викладання цієї дисципліни на сестринському відділенні Кременецького медичного училища імені Арсена Річинського

AAV9-mediated central nervous system-targeted gene delivery via cisterna magna route in mice

Current barriers to the use of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) in clinical trials for treating neurological disorders are its high expression in many off-target tissues such as liver and heart, and lack of cell specificity within the central nervous system (CNS) when using ubiquitous promoters such as human cytomegalovirus (CMV) or chicken-β-actin hybrid (CAG). To enhance targeting the transgene expression in CNS cells, self-complementary (sc) AAV9 vectors, scAAV9-GFP vectors carrying neuronal Hb9 and synapsin 1, and nonspecific CMV and CAG promoters were constructed. We demonstrate that synapsin 1 and Hb9 promoters exclusively targeted neurons in vitro, although their strengths were up to 10-fold lower than that of CMV. In vivo analyses of mouse tissue after scAAV9-GFP vector delivery via the cisterna magna revealed a significant advantage of synapsin 1 promoter over both Hb9 variants in targeting neurons throughout the brain, since Hb9 promoters were driving gene expression mainly within the motor-related areas of the brain stem. In summary, this study demonstrates that cisterna magna administration is a safe alternative to intracranial or intracerebroventricular vector delivery route using scAAV9, and introduces a novel utility of the Hb9 promoter for the targeted gene expression for both in vivo and in vitro applications

Синтез, антиексудативна та антимікробна активність 6-арилідензаміщених імідазо[2,1-b]тіазолів

Aim. To expand the range of 6-arylidene-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazolones as potential objects for studying the antiexudative and antimicrobial activities. Results and discussion. It has been shown that the condensation of synthetically affordable 2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazolone with aromatic aldehydes can be successfully used for obtaining the corresponding 6-ylidene-functionalized derivatives. The biological screening of the compounds synthesized revealed that they possessed a low or moderate anti-inflammatory activity and inhibited the inflammation process in the range from 3 to 44 %. During the study of the antimicrobial activity of the substances obtained it was determined that their minimum bacteriostatic and minimum fungistatic concentrations ranged from 31.25 to 250 μg/mL. Experimental part. The interaction of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazolone with a series of benzaldehydes and salicylic aldehydes in refluxing acetic acid in the presence of anhydrous sodium acetate leads to new 6-arylidene-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazolones. The antiexudative activity screening was performed on the model of carrageenan-induced paw oedema of white outbred male rats. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds was studied using the microtechnique of two-fold serial dilutions in a liquid nutrient medium. Conclusions. It has been found that the Knoevenagel condensation of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazolone with aromatic aldehydes is a convenient way for the structural modification of the position 6 of the heterocyclic system by the arylidene moiety. The arylidene derivatives obtained show a moderate antiexudative activity in the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema assay, as well as the antimicrobial activity against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi.Мета. Розширити ряд 6-ариліден-2-метил-2,3-дигідроімідазо[2,1-b]тіазолонів як потенційних об’єктів для вивчення антиексудативної та антимікробної активностей. Результати та їх обговорення. Виявлено, що конденсація синтетично доступного 2-метил-2,3-дигідроімідазо[2,1-b]тіазолону з ароматичними альдегідами може бути вдало використана для одержання відповідних 6-іліденофункціоналізованих похідних. Біологічний скринінг синтезованих сполук виявив, що показник інгібування запального процесу лап щурів складає 3 – 44 %. Під час дослідження антимікробної активності отриманих речовин визначено, що їх мінімальна бактеріостатична та мінімальна фунгістатична концентрації коливаються в діапазоні 31,25 – 250 мкг/мл. Експериментальна частина. Взаємодією 2-метил-2,3-дигідроімідазо[2,1-b]тіазолону з низкою бензальдегідів та саліцилових альдегідів у киплячій оцтовій кислоті в присутності безводного натрій ацетату синтезовано нові 6-ариліден-2-метил-2,3-дигідроімідазо[2,1-b]тіазолони. Скринінг антиексудативної активності проводили на моделі індукованого карагеніном набряку лапи білих безпородних щурів-самців. Антимікробну дію вивчали з використанням мікрометоду дворазових серійних розведень у рідкому поживному середовищі. Висновки. Виявлено, що конденсація Кньовенагеля 2-метил-2,3-дигідроімідазо[2,1-b]тіазолону з ароматичними альдегідами є зручним варіантом структурної модифікації положення 6 цієї гетероциклічної системи ариліденовим фрагментом. Одержані ариліденпохідні виявляють помірну антиексудативну активність на моделі карагенін-індукованого набряку лапи щурів, а також антимікробну дію щодо деяких грам-позитивних та грам-негативних бактерій і грибів

El impacto del método de proyectos en el desarrollo de habilidades de liderazgo en los estudiantes

The impact of the project method on the development of leadership skills in students / Valentyna O. Tyurina, Hanna Y. Shevchuk, Yuliya D. Kriukova and ot/ // Revista de Investigación Apuntes Universitarios. - 2022. - Vol. 12, Issue 2. – P. 179-197. -DOI: https://doi.org/10.17162/au.v12i2.1045.Досліджено вплив методу проектів на розвиток лідерських якостей у студентів. Проаналізовано розвиток особистості у студентському віці. Використовано комплекс методів дослідження: педагогічний експеримент, тест, спостереження. У дослідженні взяли участь 292 людини. Виявлено переважання середніх показників лідерських якостей у респондентів. Найменш розвиненими виявилися такі компоненти, як мотивація успіху та вольовий самоконтроль. Метод групових проектів довів ефективність для розвитку всіх вивчених навичок, крім вольового самоконтролю. Достовірність усіх виявлених змін знаходиться на рівні p = 0,05, що визначає необхідність подальшої модифікації використовуваного методу. Отримані дані можуть бути використані в практичній діяльності викладачів і психологів вищих навчальних закладів для розвитку лідерських якостей учнів.The article examines the influence of the project method on the development of students' leadership skills. Information on the use of the project method in high school and the details of the leader's personality development at the student's age are analyzed. A set of research methods was used: pedagogical experiment, test, observation, Student's t-test. The study involved 292 people. The predominance of average indicators of leadership skills of the respondents was revealed. Components such as motivation for success and volitional self-control were the least developed. The method of group projects has proven effective for the development of all the skills studied, except volitional self-control. The significance of all the changes detected is at the level of p = 0.05, which determines the need for further modification of the method used. The data obtained can be used in the practice of teachers and psychologists of higher education institutions (HEIs) in the development of students' leadership skills. Other perspectives for scientific research include studying the leadership competence of students and finding the correlation of leadership skills with structural components of personality.Рассматривается влияние метода проектов на развитие лидерских качеств у студентов. Проанализировано развитие личности в студенческом возрасте. Был использован комплекс методов исследования: педагогический эксперимент, тест, наблюдение. В исследовании приняли участие 292 человека. Выявлено преобладание средних показателей лидерских качеств у респондентов. Наименее развиты такие компоненты, как мотивация на успех и волевой самоконтроль. Метод групповых проектов доказал свою эффективность для развития всех изучаемых навыков, кроме волевого самоконтроля. Значимость всех выявленных изменений находится на уровне p = 0,05, что определяет необходимость дальнейшей модификации используемого метода. Полученные данные могут быть использованы в практике преподавателей и психологов высших учебных заведений в развитие лидерских качеств учащихся

Identification of a BRCA1-mRNA Splicing Complex Required for Efficient DNA Repair and Maintenance of Genomic Stability

Mutations within BRCA1 predispose carriers to a high risk of breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA1 functions to maintain genomic stability through the assembly of multiple protein complexes involved in DNA repair, cell-cycle arrest, and transcriptional regulation. Here, we report the identification of a DNA damage-induced BRCA1 protein complex containing BCLAF1 and other key components of the mRNA-splicing machinery. In response to DNA damage, this complex regulates pre-mRNA splicing of a number of genes involved in DNA damage signaling and repair, thereby promoting the stability of these transcripts/proteins. Further, we show that abrogation of this complex results in sensitivity to DNA damage, defective DNA repair, and genomic instability. Interestingly, mutations in a number of proteins found within this complex have been identified in numerous cancer types. These data suggest that regulation of splicing by the BRCA1-mRNA splicing complex plays an important role in the cellular response to DNA damage

Parallel convolutional processing using an integrated photonic tensor core

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability: All data used in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.With the proliferation of ultrahigh-speed mobile networks and internet-connected devices, along with the rise of artificial intelligence (AI)1, the world is generating exponentially increasing amounts of data that need to be processed in a fast and efficient way. Highly parallelized, fast and scalable hardware is therefore becoming progressively more important2. Here we demonstrate a computationally specific integrated photonic hardware accelerator (tensor core) that is capable of operating at speeds of trillions of multiply-accumulate operations per second (1012 MAC operations per second or tera-MACs per second). The tensor core can be considered as the optical analogue of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). It achieves parallelized photonic in-memory computing using phase-change-material memory arrays and photonic chip-based optical frequency combs (soliton microcombs3). The computation is reduced to measuring the optical transmission of reconfigurable and non-resonant passive components and can operate at a bandwidth exceeding 14 gigahertz, limited only by the speed of the modulators and photodetectors. Given recent advances in hybrid integration of soliton microcombs at microwave line rates3,4,5, ultralow-loss silicon nitride waveguides6,7, and high-speed on-chip detectors and modulators, our approach provides a path towards full complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) wafer-scale integration of the photonic tensor core. Although we focus on convolutional processing, more generally our results indicate the potential of integrated photonics for parallel, fast, and efficient computational hardware in data-heavy AI applications such as autonomous driving, live video processing, and next-generation cloud computing services.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchEuropean Research Council (ERC)European Union Horizon 2020Studienstiftung des deutschen Volke

SUMO Pathway Dependent Recruitment of Cellular Repressors to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Genomes

Components of promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) nuclear bodies (ND10) are recruited to sites associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genomes soon after they enter the nucleus. This cellular response is linked to intrinsic antiviral resistance and is counteracted by viral regulatory protein ICP0. We report that the SUMO interaction motifs of PML, Sp100 and hDaxx are required for recruitment of these repressive proteins to HSV-1 induced foci, which also contain SUMO conjugates and PIAS2β, a SUMO E3 ligase. SUMO modification of PML and elements of its tripartite motif (TRIM) are also required for recruitment in cells lacking endogenous PML. Mutants of PML isoform I and hDaxx that are not recruited to virus induced foci are unable to reproduce the repression of ICP0 null mutant HSV-1 infection mediated by their wild type counterparts. We conclude that recruitment of ND10 components to sites associated with HSV-1 genomes reflects a cellular defence against invading pathogen DNA that is regulated through the SUMO modification pathway

3D Reconstruction of VZV Infected Cell Nuclei and PML Nuclear Cages by Serial Section Array Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Tomography

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human alphaherpesvirus that causes varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles). Like all herpesviruses, the VZV DNA genome is replicated in the nucleus and packaged into nucleocapsids that must egress across the nuclear membrane for incorporation into virus particles in the cytoplasm. Our recent work showed that VZV nucleocapsids are sequestered in nuclear cages formed from promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) in vitro and in human dorsal root ganglia and skin xenografts in vivo. We sought a method to determine the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of nucleocapsids in the nuclei of herpesvirus-infected cells as well as the 3D shape, volume and ultrastructure of these unique PML subnuclear domains. Here we report the development of a novel 3D imaging and reconstruction strategy that we term Serial Section Array-Scanning Electron Microscopy (SSA-SEM) and its application to the analysis of VZV-infected cells and these nuclear PML cages. We show that SSA-SEM permits large volume imaging and 3D reconstruction at a resolution sufficient to localize, count and distinguish different types of VZV nucleocapsids and to visualize complete PML cages. This method allowed a quantitative determination of how many nucleocapsids can be sequestered within individual PML cages (sequestration capacity), what proportion of nucleocapsids are entrapped in single nuclei (sequestration efficiency) and revealed the ultrastructural detail of the PML cages. More than 98% of all nucleocapsids in reconstructed nuclear volumes were contained in PML cages and single PML cages sequestered up to 2,780 nucleocapsids, which were shown by electron tomography to be embedded and cross-linked by an filamentous electron-dense meshwork within these unique subnuclear domains. This SSA-SEM analysis extends our recent characterization of PML cages and provides a proof of concept for this new strategy to investigate events during virion assembly at the single cell level

Spiral attractor created by vector solitons

Mode-locked lasers emitting a train of femtosecond pulses called dissipative solitons are an enabling technology for metrology, high-resolution spectroscopy, fibre optic communications, nano-optics and many other fields of science and applications. Recently, the vector nature of dissipative solitons has been exploited to demonstrate mode locked lasing with both locked and rapidly evolving states of polarisation. Here, for an erbium-doped fibre laser mode locked with carbon nanotubes, we demonstrate the first experimental and theoretical evidence of a new class of slowly evolving vector solitons characterized by a double-scroll chaotic polarisation attractor substantially different from Lorenz, Rössler and Ikeda strange attractors. The underlying physics comprises a long time scale coherent coupling of two polarisation modes. The observed phenomena, apart from the fundamental interest, provide a base for advances in secure communications, trapping and manipulation of atoms and nanoparticles, control of magnetisation in data storage devices and many other areas