Techniques for a Successful Full-length Peroneal Artery Sonographic Visualization

AbstractAimTo compare the lateral and medial approaches to insonate the peroneal artery (PA).MethodsLateral and medial sonographic approaches are compared in 20 healthy individuals. Arterial visualization was defined as visibility of both adventitias between both peroneal veins.ResultsOne hundred percent PAs were successfully identified through the lateral approach compared to 85% through the medial approach. The medial approach failed to adequately image six proximal PAs.ConclusionThe lateral approach to the PA may be superior to the medial view. The PA should be imaged through both approaches

Duplex Scanning or Arteriography for Preoperative Planning of Lower Limb Revascularisation

AbstractObjective: to compare the accuracy of duplex and angiography for the planning of lower limb revascularisation.Patients and methods: Sixty limbs (82% with critical limb ischaemia) were assessed by means of duplex by one surgeon and by angiography by another in terms of the optimum inflow and outflow sites for arterial bypass. These data were then compared with the final operation performed which was used as the gold standard. Surgeons were blinded to the determinations of the other.Results: surgical plans based on duplex scan and angiography were correct in 77% (40/52) and 79% (41/52), respectively and plans based on the one imaging modality was modified by the other in only 1 and 2 instances. The diagnostic agreement between duplex scanning and arteriography was excellent (Kappa value=0.94, 95% C.I. 0.89–0.98).Conclusions: the reliability of duplex scanning is comparable to digital angiography in the preoperative planning of lower extremity arterial reconstruction. However neither exam can be considered as the gold standard because intraoperative arteriography needs to be available in a significant number of infrapopliteal procedures

Geochemistry of Precordillera serpentinites, western Argentina : evidence for multistage hydrothermal alteration and tectonic implications for the Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic

Serpentinites are a powerful tool to evaluate mantle composition and subsequent alteration processes during their tectonic emplacement. Exposures of this type of rocks can be found in the Argentine Precordillera (Cuyania terrane) and Frontal Cordillera, both located in central-western Argentina, within the Central Andes. In these regions a Neoproterozoic to Devonian mafic-ultramafic belt composed of serpentinites, metabasaltic dikes/sills, pillow lavas (with an Enriched to Normal Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts (E- to N-MORB) geochemical signature) and mafic granulites crop out, spatially associated with marine metasedimentary rocks. The serpentinite bodies consist of lizardite/chrysotile+brucite+magnetite, with scarce pentlandite and anhedral reddish-brown Cr-spinel (picotite, pleonaste and spinel sensu stricto) as relict magmatic phases. The original peridotites were moderately-depleted harzburgites (ultramafic cumulates) with an intermediate chemical signature between a mid-ocean ridge and an arc-related ophiolite. Whole-rock Rare Earth Elements (REE) patterns of serpentinites exhibit enriched REE patterns ((La/Yb)CN=13-59) regarding CI chondrite with positive Eu anomalies. These features are the result of an interaction between hydrothermal fluid and serpentinites, in which moderate temperature (350º-400ºC), CO2-rich, mildly basic hydrothermal fluid was involved and was responsible for the addition of Ca, Sr and REE to serpentinites. The presence of listvenites (silica-carbonate rocks) in the serpentinite margins allow us to infer another fluid metasomatism, where lowtemperatures (<250ºC), highly-oxidized, highly-acid fluid lead to the precipitation of silica. The association of these metasomatized serpentinite bodies with neoproterozoic continental margin sucessions and MORB magmatism at the suture zone of the Cuyania and Chilenia terranes suggests the development of an oceanic basin between them during the Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic

Modelado matemático de un patrón de invasión tumoral a través de ecuaciones de reacción-difusión y fractales DLA (diffusion limited aggregation)

Siendo el cáncer una enfermedad altamente compleja, es necesario que su estudio se encuadre dentro de la biología de sistemas. En el caso del tumor mamario, ha sido ampliamente establecida la importancia del estroma, y específicamente del adipocito, como uno de los principales reguladores de la progresión tumoral. Recientemente hemos presentado un modelo matemático basado en una ecuaciónde reacción-difusión-convección que logra describir y predecir el crecimiento e infiltración de esferoides multicelulares de una línea tumoral epitelial mamaria inmersos en un gel tridimensional de colágeno I (modelo in vitro de un microtumor de estadio avascular infiltrando una matriz hospedadora). En el presente trabajo se presenta una derivación de ese modelo que logra describir en este caso un patrón de diferente al anterior resultante de la incorporación de medio condicionado proveniente de adipocitos al microambiente tumoral de los esferoides. El modelo describe la zona de infiltración tumoral a través de un término de proliferación celular, una fuente de células en la superficie delesferoide y un componente difusivo de la invasión. La descripción del tipo de invasión en este caso se logra incorporando una difusión espacialmente variable dependiente de una matriz fractal generada por una variante del método de DLA (diffusion limited aggregation). Los valores de los principales parámetrosdel modelo se estiman a partir de datos experimentales. Las simulaciones obtenidas se ajustan cualitativa y semicuantitativamente a los resultados in vitro, según muestran los análisis de fractalidad realizados por los métodos de boxcounting y lagunaridad. La potencialidad de esta interacción teórico-experimental es muy amplia para estudiar las relaciones entre un tumor y su microambitente circundante.Fil: Luján, Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física del Plasma. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física del Plasma; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Simulación Computacional para Aplicaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Soto, Daniela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Rosito, María S.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Soba, Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Guerra, Liliana Noemi. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján; ArgentinaFil: Marshall, Guillermo Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física del Plasma. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física del Plasma; ArgentinaFil: Suárez, Cecilia Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física del Plasma. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física del Plasma; Argentin

Ecological selection of siderophore-producing microbial taxa in response to heavy metal contamination

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.Some microbial public goods can provide both individual and community-wide benefits, and are open to exploitation by non-producing species. One such example is the production of metal-detoxifying siderophores. Here, we investigate whether conflicting selection pressures on siderophore production by heavy metals - a detoxifying effect of siderophores, and exploitation of this detoxifying effect - result in a net increase or decrease. We show that the proportion of siderophore-producing taxa increases along a natural heavy metal gradient. A causal link between metal contamination and siderophore production was subsequently demonstrated in a microcosm experiment in compost, in which we observed changes in community composition towards taxa that produce relatively more siderophores following copper contamination. We confirmed the selective benefit of siderophores by showing that taxa producing large amounts of siderophore suffered less growth inhibition in toxic copper. Our results suggest that ecological selection will favour siderophore-mediated decontamination, with important consequences for potential remediation strategies.This work was funded by the AXA Research Fund and BBSRC (BB/K003240) and NERC (NE/P001130) research councils to AB. SOB was funded by a “Bridging the Gaps” award and PhD scholarship from the University of Exeter. NT was funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement (656647). AML was supported by Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowships within the EU Seventh Framework Programme. AB acknowledges support from the Royal Society

Drug-eluting wound dressings having sustained release of antimicrobial compounds

Wound healing is a complex and costly public health problem that should be timely addressed to achieve a rapid and adequate tissue repair avoiding or even eliminating potential pathogenic infection. Chronic infected non-healing wounds represent a serious concern for health care systems. Efficient wound dressings with tailored therapy having the best response and highest safety margin for the management of chronic non-healing wounds are still needed. The use of novel wound dressing materials has emerged as a promising tool to fulfil these requirements. In this work, asymmetric electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanofibers (NFs) were decorated with electrosprayed poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles (PLGA MPs) containing the natural antibacterial compound thymol (THY) in order to obtain drug eluting antimicrobial dressings having sustained release. The synthesized dressings successfully inhibited the in vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, showing also at the same doses cytocompatibility on human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocyte cultures after treatment for 24 h, which was not observed when using free thymol. An in vivo murine excisional wound splinting model, followed by the experimental infection of the wounds with S. aureus and their treatment with the synthesized dressings, pointed to the reduction of the bacterial load in wounds after 7 days, though the total elimination of the infection was not reached. The findings indicated the relevance of the direct contact between the dressings and the bacteria, highlighting the need to tune their design considering the wound surface and the nature of the antimicrobial cargo contained

Desalination of brackish water and reverse osmotic retentate using nanofiltration membranes: effects of TMP and feed concentration on the treatment

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Desalination and water treatment on 2017, available online: http://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.20841[EN] Nanofiltration (NF) membrane with low-pressure operating conditions and high flux permeability seems to be an attractive alternative for water softening and desalination. In order to study the performance of NF membrane on treating real brackish water, with mixture of mono and divalent ions, two commercial flat sheet nanofiltration membranes (NF90 and NP030) were used. The experiments were carried out with transmembrane pressure from 4 to 12 bar with three brackish waters having different ions concentrations. The results obtained showed that the high hydrophilicity of NF90 and its small pore size were the main advantages that allow this membrane to have the highest permeability and salt rejection for both mono and divalent ions in comparison with NP030. The results also showed that the permeate flux and rejection increased linearly with increasing in TMP. NF90 membrane performance was assessed by studying the effect of feed ions concentration. It was observed that the permeate flux decreased with increasing in salts concentration due to concentration polarization. Additionally, the study of scaling problem showed that its contribution in permeate flux decreasing was not as much significant and that the membrane permeability, recovered after the cleaning step, was 90%. In the other hand, the salts rejection of NF90 remained high (more than 80%) for all the studied concentrations due to its separation mechanism.This work was carried out with the support of scholarship awarded by the National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST) - Morocco.Mountadar, S.; Carbonell Alcaina, C.; Lujan Facundo, MJ.; Ferrer-Polonio, E.; Soler Cabezas, JL.; Mendoza Roca, JA.; Tahiri, S. (2017). Desalination of brackish water and reverse osmotic retentate using nanofiltration membranes: effects of TMP and feed concentration on the treatment. Desalination and Water Treatment. 87:68-75. doi:10.5004/dwt.2017.21312S68758

Non-minimal kinetic coupling and Chaplygin gas cosmology

In the frame of the scalar field model with non minimal kinetic coupling to gravity, we study the cosmological solutions of the Chaplygin gas model of dark energy. By appropriately restricting the potential, we found the scalar field, the potential and coupling giving rise to the Chaplygin gas solution. Extensions to the generalized and modified Chaplygin gas have been made.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures. To appear in EPJ

Designing data warehouses for geographic OLAP querying by using MDA

Data aggregation in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a desirable feature, spatial data are integrated in OLAP engines for this purpose. However, the development and operation of those systems is still a complex task due to methodologies followed. There are some ad hoc solutions that deal only with isolated aspects and do not provide developer and analyst with an intuitive, integrated and standard framework for designing all relevant parts. To overcome these problems, we have defined a model driven approach to accomplish Geographic Data Warehouse (GDW) development. Then, we have defined a data model required to implement and query spatial data. Its modeling is defined and implemented by using an extension of UML metamodel and it is also formalized by using OCL language. In addition, the proposal has been verified against a example scenario with sample data sets. For this purpose, we have accomplished a developing tool based on Eclipse platform and MDA standard. The great advantage of this solution is that developers can directly include spatial data at conceptual level, while decision makers can also conceptually make geographic queries without being aware of logical details.This work has been partially supported by the ESPIA project (TIN2007-67078) from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science and by the QUASIMODO project (PAC08-0157-0668) from the Castilla-La Mancha Ministry of Education and Science (Spain). Octavio Glorio is funded by the University of Alicante under the 11th Latin American grant program

Adenosine Receptor Heteromers and their Integrative Role in Striatal Function

By analyzing the functional role of adenosine receptor heteromers, we review a series of new concepts that should modify our classical views of neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Neurotransmitter receptors cannot be considered as single functional units anymore. Heteromerization of neurotransmitter receptors confers functional entities that possess different biochemical characteristics with respect to the individual components of the heteromer. Some of these characteristics can be used as a “biochemical fingerprint†to identify neurotransmitter receptor heteromers in the CNS. This is exemplified by changes in binding characteristics that are dependent on coactivation of the receptor units of different adenosine receptor heteromers. Neurotransmitter receptor heteromers can act as “processors†of computations that modulate cell signaling, sometimes critically involved in the control of pre- and postsynaptic neurotransmission. For instance, the adenosine A1-A2A receptor heteromer acts as a concentration-dependent switch that controls striatal glutamatergic neurotransmission. Neurotransmitter receptor heteromers play a particularly important integrative role in the “local module†(the minimal portion of one or more neurons and/or one or more glial cells that operates as an independent integrative unit), where they act as processors mediating computations that convey information from diverse volume-transmitted signals. For instance, the adenosine A2A-dopamine D2 receptor heteromers work as integrators of two different neurotransmitters in the striatal spine module