A FÍSICA NOS MODELOS DE UNIVERSIDADE

Over the centuries, various university models have emerged as adaptations to social, political, cultural, and historical circumstances. Here we give a brief history of the most important university models for our national reality, highlighting the place of physics and natural sciences in these models. The universities of Bologna and Paris, usually cited as the first universities, already presented important differences regarding institutional organization, financial model and fields of study. Later, many universities faced the trade-off between research and professionalization, between public and private funding, between rigid and liberal curricula, between pure science and application, between increasing access and investing in quality. These and other issues were solved in different ways by different universities and the most famous solutions have set up working models for other universities. Knowledge of thesemodels can make discussions about teaching of physics, as well as of other disciplines, more productive.Ao longo dos séculos, vários modelos de universidade surgiram como adaptações a circunstâncias sociais, políticas, culturais e históricas. Fazemos aqui um breve histórico dos modelos de universidade mais importantes para nossa realidade nacional, destacando o lugar da Física e das ciências naturais nesses modelos. As universidades de Bolonha e Paris, comumente citadas como as primeiras universidades, já apresentavam diferenças importantes quanto à organização, financiamento e campos de estudo. Mais tarde, muitas universidades depararam-se com a oposição entre pesquisa e profissionalização, entre financiamento público e privado, entre currículo rígido e liberal, entre ciência pura e aplicação, entre ampliação do acesso e investimento em qualidade. Essas e outras questões foram resolvidas de diferentes formas por diferentes universidades e as soluções mais célebres configuraram modelos de funcionamento para outras universidades. O conhecimento desses modelos pode tornar mais produtivas as discussões sobre o ensino de Física, assim como de outras disciplinas

A New Conceptual Model for Business Ecosystem Visualization and Analysis

This study has the objective of plotting the effects of network externalities and superstar software for the visualization and analysis of industry ecosystems. The output is made possible by gathering sales from a tracking website, associating each sale to a single consumer and by using a network visualization software. The result is a graph that shows strategic positioning of publishers and platforms, serving as a strategic tool for both academics and professionals. The approach is scalable to other industries and can be used to support analysis on mergers, acquisitions and alliances

A framework of actions for strong sustainability

Strong sustainability (SS) aims for the maintenance of economic, environmental, and social capital through an efficient use of resources and by replacing non-renewable natural resources with renewable ones. Despite this, there is still a grey area the academic literature and managerial practice regarding the existence of specific actions to promote SS. Therefore, the objective of this study is to advance the development of a framework of specific actions and recommendations to assist the adoption of SS by companies. A content analysis of articles included in the Special Volumes of the Journal of Cleaner Production (SVJCP) derived from the International Workshop Advances in Cleaner Production (IWACP), and interviews conducted with experts. The study revealed that only 5% of the articles sampled are related to SS. In this context, the proposed framework of specific actions for SS contributes to the theory by proposing actions that ensure the functioning of ecological systems while promoting sustainable development. The actions identified can also be used in multi-criteria analysis and for the development of sustainability indicators. The practical contributions of this study come from suggesting the application of the actions by organizations to promote the following: (i) increasing the efficiency of resource consumption; (ii) harvesting renewable resources limited by their regeneration rates; (iii) reducing greenhouse gas emissions; (iv) reusing wastes as input in other processes; (v) replacing toxic inputs with organic ones; (vi) replacing energy from non-renewable sources with that from renewable ones; (vii) increasing affordability; and (viii) increasing sustainable manufacturing.publishe

b) gestion

The present study encompasses the species composition and ecological characteristics of the snake community in a Cerrado-Amazon transition zone in Midwest of Brazil (state of Mato Grosso). The data were collected during six excursions to the "Tanguro" (study area) by visual encounter survey, pitfall traps with drift fences and non-systematic sampling. We collected 194 specimens, distributed in 34 species, 26 genera, and eight families. The most abundant species were Crotalus durissus Linnaeus, 1758 (n = 50), Philodryas olfersii (Lichtenstein, 1823) (n = 15), Philodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870 (n = 13), Xenodon rabdocephalus (Wied, 1824) (n = 12), Lachesis muta (Linnaeus, 1766) (n = 10) and Erythrolamprus almadensis (Wagler, 1824) (n = 10). The composition of species found here represents a combination of Cerrado and Amazonian savanna fauna.Avaliamos neste estudo a composição de espécies, e características ecológicas de uma comunidade de serpentes em área de transição Cerrado-Amazônia, no Centro-Oeste do Brasil (Estado do Mato Grosso). Coletamos os dados durante seis expedições para "Tanguro" (área de estudo) através dos métodos de procura visual, armadilhas de interceptação e queda e encontros ocasionais. Registramos 194 espécimes, distribuídas em 34 espécies, 26 gêneros e oito famílias. As espécies mais abundantes foram Crotalus durissus Linnaeus, 1758 (n = 50), Philodryas olfersii (Lichtenstein, 1823) (n = 15), Philodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870 (n = 13), Xenodon rabdocephalus (Wied, 1824) (n = 12), Lachesis muta (Linnaeus, 1766) (n = 10) e Erythrolamprus almadensis (Wagler, 1824) (n = 10). A composição de espécies encontrada representa uma combinação entre a fauna de Cerrado e Amazônica

Temperature of the ingested water on fatigue during exercise until exhaustion in a thermoneutral environment

Os efeitos da ingestão de água durante o exercício em ambiente termoneutro, assim como os efeitos da temperatura da água ingerida sobre a fadiga ainda não estão bem estudados. Este trabalho foi realizado para estudar os efeitos de três diferentes temperaturas da água ingerida sobre a tolerância ao esforço submáximo de seis voluntários sadios (idade 24,0 ± 3,5 anos; peso 67,0 ± 4,8 kg; V 02pjCo 47,8 ± 9,1 mL/kg.min*1 e percentual de gordura 9,5 ± 2,0%) durante o repouso (60 min) ou durante o esforço submáximo numa bicicleta ergométrica (60% da V02PiCO) até a exaustão. As temperaturas da água foram escolhidas para produzir resfriamento corporal (10 °C), ou para simular a temperatura corporal interna (38 °C) ou constituir um ponto intermediário (24 °C). Foram medidos continuamente o consumo de oxigênio (V02), a extração de gás carbônico (VC02), a freqüência cardíaca (FC), as temperaturas retal (Tr) e média da pele (TMP), e o calor acumulado (S). O lactato plasmático (La) foi dosado antes e ao final do exercício. Em todas as situações experimentais, os indivíduos ingeriam 1320 mL de água (nas temperaturas de 10, 24 e 38 °C), assim distribuídas: 600 mL 15 minutos antes do procedimento experimental e três doses de 240 mL, aos 15, 30 e 45 minutos, do repouso ou do exercício. A temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar durante os experimentos variaram de 22,4 a 22,8 °C e 62,6 a 65%, respectivamente. O estudo seguiu o delineamento de um Quadrado Latino e a análise de variância de dois fatores (para o TTE) com medidas repetidas no segundo fator (para Tre, TMP, S, FC e V 02) seguidas do teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). A temperatura da água não afetou o tempo máximo de exercício. O exercício aumentou todas as variáveis, como esperado, mas a temperatura da água não interferiu nas respostas. No repouso, observou-se uma redução da Tre, TMP e S ao longo do tempo, sugerindo um resfriamento decorrente do repouso ou das condições térmicas do ambiente. Os resultados mostram que a temperatura da água ingerida não interferiu na temperatura corporal e na performanceThe effects of water ingestion during exercise at a thermoneutral environment and the effects of the ingested water temperature on fatigue have not been studied. This research was designed to study the effects of three different temperatures of ingested water on fatigue of six healthy male subjects (age 24.0 ± 3.5 years; weight 67.0 ± 4.8 kg; V 0 2Peak 47.8 ± 9.1 mL/kg.min'1 and body fat 9.5 ± 2.0%) during rest (60 min) or at a sub-maximal cycle ergometer exercise (60% V O 2 peak) to the exhaustion (ET). The water temperatures were chosen to produce physical cooling (10 °C), to simulate the body temperature (38 °C) and to find an intermediate point (24 °C). There were continuous measurements of oxygen uptake ( V 0 2), carbonic gas extraction (V C 0 2), heart rate (HR), rectal (Tre) and skin (Tsk) temperatures, and heat storage (S). Plasma lactate (La) was measured before and at the end of exercise. In all of the six experimental conditions the volunteers ingested 1320 mL of water (at 38 °C or 24 °C or 10 °C) following the schedule: 600 mL (15 min before) and three doses of 240 mL each at 19, 34 and 49 minutes of resting or exercise. The temperature and air relative humidity during the experiments ranged from 22.4 to 22.8 °C and 62.6 to 65% respectively. The experimental design followed a latin square model and a two-way anova (for TE) and repeated measures (for Tre, TMP, S, FC, V 0 2 and V C 0 2) with post hoc Tukey’s test was used to analyze data, with significance level of p < 0.05. The temperature of ingested water did not change the time to exhaustion. The exercise increased all variables, as expected, but the temperature of ingested water did not modify their responses. During resting, there were lower Tre, TMP, and S, suggesting an cooling effect that could be due to the resting itself or to the thermal environmental conditions. The results showed that the temperature of ingested water did not modify the body temperatures neither the time do exhaustio

Most patients with severe obesity has liver fibrosis even without Metabolic Syndrome/ A maioria dos pacientes com obesidade grave apresenta fibrose Hepática mesmo sem Síndrome Metabólica

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition commonly associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). This association is frequently found in people with severe obesity, yet some who are diagnosed with NAFLD do not fulfill the criteria for MS. We aimed to compare the clinical and histological characteristics of NAFLD in patients with obesity with and without MS.METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional study with patients with severe obesity (BMI ≥35kg/m2) diagnosed with NAFLD on liver biopsy during bariatric surgery between Sep/2014 and May/2015.  Patients with a history of chronic alcohol consumption and other liver diseases were excluded. MS diagnosis was based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square and t tests. P<0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The simple included 170 patients with severe obesity with histological diagnosis of NAFLD. The mean BMI (body mass index) was 43.2±5.3 kg/m2; 60% were female and the mean age was 37.1±10.7 years. Dyslipidemia (81.7%) and arterial hypertension (48.2%) were the most frequent NAFLD risk factor associated with obesity in these patients. A total of 75 of them (44.1%) did not meet the criteria for MS. They were younger than those with MS [33.8 (9.9) vs 39.7 (10.8) years; p<0.001], and 68.0% (51) of them had nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis.  CONCLUSION: The results reinforce the relevance to evaluate NAFLD in people with severe obesity, even those without MS. Despite not presenting MS, these patients with severe obesity already had NASH with fibrosis and can potentially evolve to cirrhosis

Quantification and source identification of atmospheric particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their dry deposition fluxes at three sites in Salvador Basin, Brazil, impacted by mobile and stationary sources

The present work has aimed to determine the 16 US EPA priority PAH atmospheric particulate matter levels present in three sites around Salvador, Bahia: (i) Lapa bus station, strongly impacted by heavy-duty diesel vehicles; (ii) Aratu harbor, impacted by an intense movement of goods, and (iii) Bananeira village on Maré Island, a non vehicle-influenced site with activities such as handcraft work and fisheries. Results indicated that BbF (0.130-6.85 ng m-3) is the PAH with highest concentration in samples from Aratu harbor and Bananeira and CRY (0.075-6.85 ng m-3) presented higher concentrations at Lapa station. PAH sources from studied sites were mainly of anthropogenic origin such as gasoline-fueled light-duty vehicles and diesel-fueled heavy-duty vehicles, discharges in the port, diesel burning from ships, dust ressuspension, indoor soot from cooking, and coal and wood combustion for energy production.O presente trabalho apresenta o estudo sobre 16 HPAs prioritários em material particulado atmosférico de três sítios próximos a Salvador-BA: (i) Estação da Lapa, estação de ônibus da Região Metropolitana de Salvador; (ii) Porto de Aratu, impactado por intenso movimento de matérias-primas e (iii) Bananeira, localizado na Ilha de Maré, vilarejo que tem como principais atividades a pesca e artesanato. Resultados mostraram que o BbF (0,130-6,85 ng m-3) foi o HPA com as concentrações mais elevadas em Aratu e Bananeira e CRY (0,075-6,85 ng m-3) apresentou nível mais elevado na Lapa. As fontes de HPAs nos sítios estudados foram principalmente de origem antrópica, tais como veículos de pequeno e grande portes, carregamentos do porto, ressuspensão de partículas do solo, queima de diesel das embarcações e a queima de carvão e madeira para produção de energia.CNPqCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)FINEPFAPESBPRONEXRECOMBIONordeste GenerationANEELFAPES

DIÂMETRO FOLICULAR E TAXA DE PRENHEZ EM PROTOCOLO DE SINCRONIZAÇÃO COM GnRH OU BENZOATO DE ESTRADIOL NO DIA 0 EM VACAS DE CORTE

Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a influência do diâmetro folicular sobre a taxa de prenhez utilizando benzoato de estradiol (BE) ou hormônio liberador de gonadotropinas (GnRH) no dia da colocação do implante de progesterona (D0) em vacas de corte em lactação. Foram testados dois grupos: G-BE (n=32) e G-GnRH (n=29), no D0 foi colocado implante de P4 (CIDR®) e aplicados 2 mL de BE (G-BE) ou 2,5 mL de GnRH (G-GnRH). No D9 foi retirado o implante, concomitante à administração de 2,5 mL de PGF2α e 0,25 mL de cipionato de estradiol (E.C.P.®) seguido de remoção dos bezerros. Após 48 horas todas as vacas foram inseminadas e os bezerros retornaram às mães. No D9 foi realizada ultra-sonografia para medir o diâmetro do folículo dominante (FD) presente no ovário. Não houve diferença (p>0,05) na taxa de prenhez entre os tratamentos, BE (55%) ou GnRH (41%), mas o diâmetro folicular foi significativamente maior (p0,05) entre as prenhes e vazias (11,6 mm vs 10,2 mm). Concluímos que o uso de GnRH no D0 não melhora a taxa de prenhez em vacas no pó-parto, mesmo aumentando o diâmetro folicular

Transtornos mentais associados à epilepsia

Epilepsia é o mais freqüente transtorno neurológico sério, atingindo 50 milhões de pessoas no mundo, 40 milhões delas em países em desenvolvimento. Embora seja um problema predominantemente tratável, nestes países a maioria dos pacientes permanece sem tratamento. Provavelmente uma das principais causas para isto seja o estigma que atinge as pessoas com epilepsia. Tal fato se agrava ainda mais quando à epilepsia se associam transtornos mentais, que ocorrem com prevalência aumentada. Os pacientes com epilepsia e transtornos mentais sofrem o que se chama de "duplo estigma", que freqüentemente os deixa sem tratamento. É provável, particularmente em países em desenvolvimento, que psiquiatras se defrontem com pacientes com epilepsia nos diferentes locais de atendimento. Os autores revisam diferentes aspectos dos principais transtornos mentais associados à epilepsia.Epilepsy is the most common serious neurological disorder. Worldwide, around 50 million people have epilepsy, 40 million of which in developing countries. Though epilepsy is predominantly treatable, most patients in these countries remain without treatment. It is likely that one of the main reasons is the stigma associated with epilepsy. This problem increases when mental disorders are associated with epilepsy, a fairly frequent occurrence. Patients with epilepsy and mental disorders are exposed to a "double stigma", which frequently leads to complete absence of treatment. It is probable that, particularly in developing countries, psychiatrists will be involved with the treatment of people with epilepsy. The authors review different aspects of the most important mental disorders associated with epilepsy