Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Cyclopropanation of 1‐Alkenylboronates : Synthesis of 1‐Boryl‐2,3‐Disubstituted Cyclopropanes

A novel, highly enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of 1-boryl-2,3-disubstituted cyclopropanes has been developed by means of the cyclopropanation of alkenylboronates with ethyl diazoacetate in the presence of catalytic amounts of a chiral copper(I) complex. The products can also be directly accessed from alkynes through an operationally simple, sequential hydroboration–cyclopropanation protocol. The resulting enantioenriched 1-boryl-2,3-disubstituted cyclopropanes are versatile synthetic intermediates that undergo further transformations at the carbon–boron bond.We thank MINECO for financial support (CTQ2014-52769- C03-01-R and Juan de la Cierva fellow for J.C.) and Junta de Andaluc a (P12-FQM-1765). We also thank Riccardo Gava and Cristina Gonzalez for additional experiments and Francisco Molina for X-ray diffraction studies

Effects of a Novel Ankle Strengthening Protocol on Later al Ankle Strength and Flexibility

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Current management of symptomatic vesicoureteral reflux in pediatric kidney transplantation-A European survey among surgical transplant professionals.

peer reviewed[en] BACKGROUND: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is common in children and adolescents undergoing kidney transplantation (KTx) and may adversely affect allograft kidney function. METHODS: To explore the current management of symptomatic native and allograft VUR in pediatric KTx recipients, an online survey was distributed to European surgical transplant professionals. RESULTS: Surgeons from 40 pediatric KTx centers in 18 countries participated in this survey. Symptomatic native kidney VUR was treated before or during KTx by 68% of the centers (all/selected patients: 33%/67%; before/during KTx: 89%/11%), with a preference for endoscopic treatment (59%). At KTx, 90% favored an anti-reflux ureteral reimplantation procedure (extravesical/transvesical approach: 92%/8%; preferred extravesical technique: Lich-Gregoir [85%]). Management strategies for symptomatic allograft VUR included surgical repair (90%), continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (51%), bladder training (49%), or noninterventional surveillance (21%). Redo ureteral implantation and endoscopic intervention for allograft VUR were equally reported (51%/49%). CONCLUSIONS: This survey shows uniformity in some surgical aspects of the pediatric KTx procedure. However, with regard to VUR, there is a significant variation in practice patterns that need to be addressed by future well-designed and prospective studies. In this way, more robust data could be translated into consensus guidelines for a more standardized and evidence-based management of this common condition in pediatric KTx

Copper-catalyzed diastereo- and enantioselective desymmetrization of cyclopropenes: Synthesis of cyclopropylboronates

This document is the accepted manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of American Chemical Society 136.45, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see DOI: 10.1021/ja510419zA novel Cu-catalyzed diastereo- and enantioselective desymmetrization of cyclopropenes to afford nonracemic cyclopropylboronates is described. Trapping the cyclopropylcopper intermediate with electrophilic amines allows for the synthesis of cyclopropylaminoboronic esters and demonstrates the potential of the approach for the synthesis of functionalized cyclopropanesWe thank the European Research Council (ERC-337776) and MINECO (CTQ2012-35957) for financial support. M. T. and A. P. thank MICINN for RyC and JdC contract

Defining Sacred Territory and Religious Community

Pilgerfahrten sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil der gemeinsamen Identität der indischen Händlerkaste der Jains, da diese über kein eigenes Gebiet verfügen. Die größtenteils zu Fuß stattfindende jährliche Gruppenpilgerschaft versammelt Hunderte oder sogar Tausende von Pilgern, die bereitwillig körperliche Schmerzen, Hunger und Durst auf sich nehmen, um dem Gründer ihrer Religion zu huldigen. Nach tagelanger Wanderung durch spärlich besiedelte Landstriche, machen sich die Pilger auf den Weg in das Shatrunjaya Gebirge mit seinen 108 Tempeln und ca. 1000 kleineren Schreinen. Dieser Tempelkomplex ist konzipiert als einer der wenigen Plätze der Unendlichkeit in einem sich immer wandelnden Universum. Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Aufbau, der Organisation und rituellen Performanzen während der Pilgerfahrt, mit der Frage, welche Vorstellungen vom Universum ihr zugrunde liegen, und mit der ständigen Bestätigung der Jain Identität durch die Verehrung ihrer Vorfahren und spirituellen Gründer