International Evidence on Stochastic and Deterministic Monetary Neutrality.

We analyze the issue of the impact of multiple breaks on monetary neutrality results, using a long annual international data set. We empirically verify whether neutrality propositions remain addressable (and if so, whether they hold or not), when unit root tests are carried out allowing for multiple structural breaks in the long-run trend function of the variables. It is found that conclusions on neutrality are sensitive to the number and location of breaks. In order to interpret the evidence for structural breaks, we introduce a notion of deterministic monetary neutrality, which naturally arises in the absence of permanent stochastic shocks to the variables.Deterministic and Stochastic Neutrality and Superneutrality of Money, Unit Roots, Structural Breaks, Resampling Methods

Olive Mill Wastewater Valorization through Steam Reforming Using Multifunctional Reactors: Challenges of the Process Intensification

Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) is a polluting stream derived from the production of olive oil and is a source of environmental pollution; this is relevant in many countries around the world, but particularly in all the Mediterranean region where major producers are located. In this effluent, several pollutants are present-namely, sugars, fatty acids, and polyphenols, among others. Nowadays, to reduce the pollutant load, several treatment techniques are applied, but these technologies have numerous cost and efficiency problems. For this reason, the steam reforming of the OMW (OMWSR) presents as a good alternative, because this process decreases the pollutant load of the OMW and simultaneously valorizes the waste with the production of green H-2, which is consistent with the perspective of the circular economy. Currently, the OMWSR is an innovative treatment alternative in the scientific field and with high potential. In the last few years, some groups have studied the OMWSR and used innovative reactor configurations, aiming to improve the process' effectiveness. In this review, the OMW treatment/valorization processes, the last developments on catalysis for OMWSR (or steam reforming of similar species present in the effluent), as well as the last advances on OMWSR performed in multi-functional reactors are addressed

Catalytic Steam Reforming of Biomass-Derived Oxygenates for H2 Production: A Review on Ni-Based Catalysts

The steam reforming of ethanol, methanol, and other oxygenates (e.g., bio-oil and olive mill wastewater) using Ni-based catalysts have been studied by the scientific community in the last few years. This process is already well studied over the last years, being the critical point, at this moment, the choice of a suitable catalyst. The utilization of these oxygenates for the production of green H2 is an interesting alternative to fuel fossils. For this application, Ni-based catalysts have been extensively studied since they are highly active and cheaper than noble metal-based materials. In this review, a comparison of several Ni-based catalysts reported in the literature for the different above-mentioned reactions is carried out. This study aims to understand if such catalysts demonstrate enough catalytic activity/stability for application in steam reforming of the oxygenated compounds and which preparation methods are most adequate to obtain these materials. In summary, it aims to provide insights into the performances reached and point out the best way to get better and improved catalysts for such applications (which depends on the feedstock used)

A qualitative methodology to reduce features in classification problems

In this paper, a preliminary methodology which quantifies the dependence between features in a data set by using the Ameva discretization algo rithm and the advantages of a qualitative model is developed. Thus, different matrices of inter dependence are built providing a grade of depen dence between two features. This methodology is applied to a well-known data set, obtaining promis ing results for the carried out system.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion TIN2009-14378-C02-01 (ARTEMISA

Update on Extended Treatment for Venous Thromboembolism

The importance of assessing the probability of venous thromboembolism recurrence, a condition that includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, lies in the fact that it is the most important factor in deciding the duration of anticoagulant treatment. Risk of recurrence depends mostly on the presence of a risk factor for developing venous thromboembolism, with patients with unprovoked events being at the higher risk of recurrence. The risk of recurrence needs to be balanced with the risk of bleeding and the potential severity of these thrombotic and hemorrhagic events. In patients with an unprovoked venous thromboembolism who complete treatment for the acute (first 10 days) and post-acute phase of the disease (from day 10 to 3-6 months), decision has to be made regarding prolonged antithrombotic therapy to prevent recurrences. The main goal of extended treatment is preventing recurrences with a safe profile in terms of bleeding risk. Many therapeutic options are now available for these patients, including antiplatelet therapy with aspirin or direct oral anticoagulants. Moreover, apixaban and rivaroxaban at prophylactic doses have demonstrated efficacy in preventing recurrences with a low risk of bleeding

Effect of acid oxidation treatment on adsorption properties of arc-discharge synthesized multiwall carbon nanotubes

The effect of nitric/sulfuric acid oxidation treatment on commercial arc-discharge multiwall carbon nanotubes was studied. Purification and structure modifications were assessed via Transmission Electron Microscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis; while changes in adsorption properties were monitored by nitrogen and methane adsorption isotherms. After treatment, nitrogen isotherms present hysteresis loop and an increased BET surface area; while adsorption energies obtained from isosteric heat profiles revealed a marked decrease. We propose an explanation for these findings and use macroscopic experimental data to gain insight on acid oxidation effect on the material.Se estudió el efecto de la oxidación ácida por medio de mezclas sulfúrico/nítrico, de nanotubos comerciales de pared múltiple sintetizados por el método de la descarga de arco. Para evaluar el grado de pureza y las modificaciones estructurales se utilizaron las técnicas de Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión y Termogravimetría; mientras que los cambios en las propiedades de adsorción fueron monitoreados por medio de la realización de isotermas a distintas temperaturas utilizando gases simples como Nitrógeno y Metano. Luego del tratamiento oxidativo, se observó la aparición de ciclos de histéresis en las isotermas al mismo tiempo que el área superficial según BET se incrementó. Por otro lado, los calores isostéricos obtenidos evidenciaron una disminución importante. Proponemos una explicación posible para estos hallazgos y hacemos uso de la información experimental obtenida para revelar detalles del mecanismo de oxidación de los Nanotubos.Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y AplicadasCentro de Química Inorgánic

Evaluación de las necesidades hídricas de tres variedades de fresas y de su respuesta frente a un recorte hídrico moderado

Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones RTA2012-00001-00-00FEDER CC10-009-C02-0

Drug Repurposing for Cancers With Limited Survival: Protocol for a Retrospective Cohort Study

Only 5% of the molecules tested in oncology phase 1 trials reach the market after an average of 7.5 years of waiting and at a cost of tens of millions of dollars. To reduce the cost and shorten the time of discovery of new treatments, drug repurposing (research with molecules already approved for another indication) and the use of secondary data (not collected for the purpose of research) have been proposed. Due to advances in informatics in clinical care, secondary data can, in some cases, be of equal quality to primary data generated through prospective studies.Objective: The objective of this study is to identify drugs currently marketed for other indications that may have an effect on the prognosis of patients with cancer.Methods: We plan to monitor a cohort of patients with high-lethality cancers treated in the public health system of Catalonia between 2006 and 2012, retrospectively, for survival for 5 years after diagnosis or until death. A control cohort, comprising people without cancer, will also be retrospectively monitored for 5 years. The following study variables will be extracted from different population databases: type of cancer (patients with cancer cohort), date and cause of death, pharmacological treatment, sex, age, and place of residence. During the first stage of statistical analysis of the patients with cancer cohort, the drugs consumed by the long-term survivors (alive at 5 years) will be compared with those consumed by nonsurvivors. In the second stage, the survival associated with the consumption of each relevant drug will be analyzed. For the analyses, groups will be matched for potentially confounding variables, and multivariate analyses will be performed to adjust for residual confounding variables if necessary. The control cohort will be used to verify whether the associations found are exclusive to patients with cancer or whether they also occur in patients without cancer.Results: We anticipate discovering multiple significant associations between commonly used drugs and the survival outcomes of patients with cancer. We expect to publish the initial results in the first half of 2024.Conclusions: This retrospective study may identify several commonly used drugs as candidates for repurposing in the treatment of various cancers. All analyses are considered exploratory; therefore, the results will have to be confirmed in subsequent clinical trials. However, the results of this study may accelerate drug discovery in oncology

Variation In Olfactory Neuron Repertoires Is Genetically Controlled And Environmentally Modulated

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)The mouse olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) repertoire is composed of 10 million cells and each expresses one olfactory receptor (OR) gene from a pool of over 1000. Thus, the nose is sub-stratified into more than a thousand OSN subtypes. Here, we employ and validate an RNA-sequencing-based method to quantify the abundance of all OSN subtypes in parallel, and investigate the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to neuronal diversity. We find that the OSN subtype distribution is stereotyped in genetically identical mice, but varies extensively between different strains. Further, we identify cis-acting genetic variation as the greatest component influencing OSN composition and demonstrate independence from OR function. However, we show that olfactory stimulation with particular odorants results in modulation of dozens of OSN subtypes in a subtle but reproducible, specific and time-dependent manner. Together, these mechanisms generate a highly individualized olfactory sensory system by promoting neuronal diversity.6Wellcome [098051]Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo [09/00473-0, 2015/50371-0]European Molecular Biology Organization Young Investigator AwardFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Vericiguat, nuevo pilar en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca con fracción de eyección reducida

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, conditioned by multiple hospitalizations. Vericiguat has currently beenshown to be effective and safe in patients with a recent decompensation. We present a series of three cases using vericiguat in different clinical scenarios: an elderly patient with dilated cardiomyopathy of ischemic origin, a patient with alcoholic cardiomyopathy and polyvalvular heart disease, and a young patient with idiopathic cardiomyopathy. In the 3 cases vericiguat was effective and safe. This medication has been tested and monitored in other studies and we consider it plays an important role in the therapeutic armamentarium of this population, although it is necessary to accumulate more clinical experience.La insuficiencia cardiaca con fracción de eyección reducida (ICFEr) se asocia con una elevada morbimortalidad, condicionada por múltiples hospitalizaciones. Actualmente vericiguat ha mostrado ser eficaz y seguro en pacientes con una descompensación reciente. Presentamos una serie de tres casos clínicos usando vericiguat en diferentes perfiles clínicos: paciente de edad avanzada con miocardiopatía dilatada de origen isquémico, paciente con miocardiopatía de origen enólico y enfermedad polivalvular y paciente joven con miocardiopatía de origen idiopático. En los 3 casos el vericiguat mostró resultados eficaces y seguros. Este fármaco ha sido monitorizado en otros estudios y creemos que constituye un arma terapéutica importante para pacientes con ICFEr, aunque es necesario acumular mayor experiencia clínica