Actividad fotosintética de la lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) en diferente compostaje de residuos agroindustriales

Este trabajo fue desarrollado con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de diferentes compuestos orgánicos derivados de residuos agro-industriales en el intercambio gaseoso y la fluorescencia de la clorofila a en la lechuga. Se realizó el experimento en condiciones de vivero, con un diseño completamente al azar con 14 tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Utilizando los siguientes tratamientos T1 a T6 (el tratamiento con la mezcla básica de la caña de azúcar), T7 a T12 (el tratamiento con la mezcla básica de coco), T13 (estiércol) y T14 (abonos minerales). Se evaluaron los siguientes parámetros: la fotosíntesis, la transpiración, la conductancia estomática, la relación de las concentraciones de CO2 intra/extracelular (Ci / Ca), la eficiencia instantánea del uso del agua (A/E), la eficiencia de carboxilación (A/Ci), el contenido de clorofila y la máxima eficiencia cuántica del fotosistema II (Fv/Fm). Las plantas de lechuga cultivadas con fertilizantes minerales y estiércol mostraron mayores valores de la conductancia estomática. Los tratamientos con mezcla básica de la caña de azúcar presentaran mayores tasas de fotosíntesis, transpiración, eficiencia de carboxilación y el contenido de clorofila, lo que indica que la lechuga tiene una mejor capacidad fotosintética cuando cultivada en estos sustratos.This work was developed with the objective of evaluate effects of different organic composts on the photosynthesis, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence in lettuce grown under nursery conditions. The experiment was accomplished following a randomized design, with 14 treatments and four replications. Using the following treatments: T1 to T6 (sugarcane based substrates), T7 to T12 (coconut based substrates), T13 (manure) and T14 (mineral fertilization). The following parameters were evaluated: photosynthesis rate, respiration, stomata conductance, the ratio of internal to external CO2 concentrations (Ci /Ca), the efficiency of water use (A/E) and carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci), chlorophyll concentrations, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm). The plants of lettuce grewn with mineral fertilization and manure showed higher values of stomatal conductance. The treatments with sugarcane based substrates showed higher rates of photosynthesis, transpiration, carboxylation efficiency and chlorophyll content, indicating that the better photosynthetic capacity when grown on these substrates.O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo avaliar os efeitos de doses de compostos orgânicos obtidos a partir de resíduos agroindustriais sobre as trocas gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila a em plantas de alface. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de viveiro, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 14 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Utilizando os seguintes tratamentos T1 a T6 (tratamentos com mistura básica de cana), T7 a T12 (tratamentos com mistura básica de coco), T13 (esterco) e T14 (fertilizantes minerais). Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: fotossíntese, transpiração, condutância estomática, razão entre concentrações de CO2 intra/extracelular (Ci /Ca), eficiência instantânea do uso da água (A/E), eficiência de carboxilação (A/Ci), teor de clorofila e eficiência quântica máxima do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm). As plantas de alface cultivada com fertilizantes minerais e esterco revelaram valores maiores para condutância estomática. Os tratamentos com mistura básica de cana apresentaram maiores taxas de fotossíntese, transpiração, eficiência de carboxilação e teor de clorofila, indicando que a alface apresentou melhor capacidade fotossintética quando cultivadas nesses substratos

Interação genótipo-ambiente em soja via análise de componentes principais com múltiplas matrizes de dados.

O melhoramento da soja (Glycine max) está avançado, porém, não se obteve atingir o seu limiar produtivo, a despeito de sua base genética restrita é esperado avanço significativo com o melhoramento genético na obtenção de novos cultivares com altos níveis produtivos. Objetivou-se com este trabalho investigar a interação genótipo x ambiente em soja por meio da análise de componentes principais com múltiplas matrizes de dados. Foram avaliados 44 e 23 genótipos, nos anos agrícolas 2000 e 2001, respectivamente. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos aos acaso, com duas repetições estratificadas em três conjuntos experimentais com testemunhas comuns (IAC 100, Ocepar 4, IAS 5 e Primavera). Os fatores considerados para a análise foram: genótipos (G1, G2, G3..., G44), ambientes (combinação dos locais Anhembi-AN e Areão-AR com o controle intensivo-COM e ecológico-SEM de insetos) e atributos (produção e componentes). O estudo foi implementado por meio de análise de componentes principais com arranjo de três entradas (genótipo x ambiente x variáveis). Os genótipos 2, 3, 23, 28, 36, 38 e 44 apresentam tolerância a percevejos e boa produtividade no ambiente AN_COM. Os genótipos 7, 17, 21, 29, 35, 37 e 40 interagem positivamente com o ambiente AR_SEM com adaptabilidades e estabilidades específicas redundando em produtividades elevadas

Uma capitania dos novos tempos: economia, sociedade e política na São Paulo restaurada (1765-1822)

O artigo reflete sobre a trajetória da Capitania de São Paulo, a partir de 1750, apontando sua transformação, de fronteira e "boca do sertão", para território estratégico da conquista e defesa das partes meridionais e área economicamente integrada aos circuitos mercantis atlânticos.In this article, we reflect upon the history of the Captaincy of São Paulo as from 1750, drawing attention to its transformation from frontier land and "door to the backcountry" into a territory of strategic value for the purposes of conquest and defense of the southern regions, and economically integrated into the Atlantic trade routes

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio