Avaliação das propriedades eletrofisiológica de neurônios hipocampais humanos no modelo de 0-Mg2+

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Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Skull base chordomas

Cordomas sao tumores raros, agressivos, de crescimento lento, os quais originam-se de restos da notocorda primitiva. Devido a sua localizacao e padrao de expansao, o tratamento destes tumores e considerado muito dificil. A sua raridade, faz com que poucos centros mundiais adquiram larga experiencia. Com isto, inumeras taticas e tecnicas sao preconizadas. Nesta dissertacao, analisamos todos os fatores envolvidos no diagnostico e manejo dos cordomas da base do cranio, assim como as varias abordagens cirurgicas utilizadas para remocao cirurgica radical do tumor. O papel da radioterapia em suas mais variadas modalidades serao discutidas, quanto a sua indicacao, resultados e complicacoes. A analise critica da literatura permite-nos concluir que com o advento da cirurgia da base do cranio e modernas modalidades radioterapicas, com o emprego de particulas pesadas, lesoes consideradas incontrolaveis, hoje podem ser tratadas com uma mortalidade e morbidade baixa. No entanto, outros fatores, tais como o comportamento imprevisivel de certos cordomas, faz com que em certas situacoes o prognostico nao possa ser feita baseada somente nos achados anatomopatologicos, amplitude da resseccao e terapia complementarBV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

Parâmetros genéticos para características de crescimento e reprodução de bovinos da raça Canchim

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar parâmetros genéticos para idades ao primeiro (IPP) e segundo partos (ISP), idades ao primeiro (IPP PEN) e segundo partos penalizadas (ISP PEN), e a ocorrência de parto até os 38 meses de idade (PP38), em bovinos da raça Canchim, bem como estimar as relações genéticas entre essas características e o peso (PE420) de machos e femêas e a circunferência escrotal (CE420) de novilhos, medidos aos 420 dias de idade. Foram estimados parâmetros genéticos em análises bicaracterísticas, por meio de inferência bayesiana. As análises foram realizadas entre CE420 e PE420 e as características reprodutivas medidas em fêmeas. As características reprodutivas das fêmeas devem apresentar baixa resposta à seleção, e mudanças no manejo e nas condições ambientais melhoram tais características. A seleção quanto ao maior peso aos 420 dias de idade não deve provocar mudanças nas características reprodutivas em fêmeas, enquanto a seleção para o aumento da circunferência escrotal, na mesma idade, contribui para melhorar tais características.The objective of this work was to estimate genetic parameters for age at first (AFC) and at second (ASC) calvings, penalized age at first (AFC PEN) and at second (ASC PEN) calvings, and occurrence of calving until 38 months of age (PP38) in Canchim breed, as well as to estimate the genetic correlations between these traits with weight (PE420) of males and females, and scrotal circumference (CE420) measured at 420 days of age. Genetic parameters were estimated by two-trait analyses using the Bayesian inference. The analyses were performed between CE420 and PE420, and the reproductive traits measured in the females. The female reproductive traits should show low response to selection, and changes in the management and environmental conditions improve these traits. Selection for the higher weight at 420 days of age does not change female reproductive traits, while selection to increase scrotal circumference, at the same age, contributes to improve such traits

Foramen magnum meningiomas: surgical treatment in a single public institution in a developing country

Objective: To analyze the clinical outcome of patients with foramen magnum (FM) meningiomas. Method: Thirteen patients (11 Feminine / 2 Masculine with FM meningiomas operated on through lateral suboccipital approach were studied. Clinical outcome were analyzed using survival (SC) and recurrence-free survival curves (RFSC). Results: All tumors were World Health Organization grade I. Total, subtotal and partial resections were acchieved in 69.2%, 23.1% and 7.7%, respectively, and SC was better for males and RFSC for females. Tumor location, extent of resection and involvement of vertebral artery/lower cranial nerves did not influence SC and RFSC. Recurrence rate was 7.7%. Operative mortality was 0. Main complications were transient (38.5%) and permanent (7.7%) lower cranial nerve deficits, cerebrospinal fluid fistula (30.8%), and transient and permanent respiratory difficulties in 7.7% each. Conclusions: FM meningiomas can be adequately treated in public hospitals in developing countries if a multidisciplinary team is available for managing postoperative lower cranial nerve deficits