Salve Domina. Hinweise auf lesende und schreibende Frauen im Römischen Reich

Während Darstellungen von lesenden und schreibenden Frauen in der römischen Antike nicht selten sind und auch in der Forschung schon mehrfach behandelt wurden, können sie nur sehr eingeschränkte Erkenntnisse über die effektive Fähigkeit zu lesen und zu schreiben liefern. Persönliche Gegenstände aus dem Fundmaterial wie Schreibgeräte oder beschriftete Gegenstände besitzen dagegen einen direkten Bezug zu ihren Besitzerinnen und erlauben so eine ganz andere Perspektive. Hinweise auf lesende und schreibende Frauen geben beispielsweise Grabbeigaben in Form von Schreibgerät, Liebesgeschenke, aber auch Brieffragmente, Graffiti oder Grabinschriften. Diese Quellen werden in Beispielen vorgestellt und sollen an die Vielfalt und die Problematiken der weiblichen Literalität heranführen. While representations of women who read and write are not rare in Roman antiquity and have been the subject of ample research, they deliver only restricted information about the effective ability to read and write. However, personal belongings as writing instruments or inscribed objects, coming from archeological material, provide a direct connection with their owners and therefore a completely different perspective. Funerary objects like writing instruments as well as love gifts, fragments of letters, graffiti or grave inscriptions can serve as indications in this regard. In this paper, examples of these sources are going to be presented in order to give an idea of the diversity and the difficulty of female literacy. Während Darstellungen von lesenden und schreibenden Frauen in der römischen Antike nicht selten sind und auch in der Forschung schon mehrfach behandelt wurden, können sie nur sehr eingeschränkte Erkenntnisse über die effektive Fähigkeit zu lesen und zu schreiben liefern. Persönliche Gegenstände aus dem Fundmaterial wie Schreibgeräte oder beschriftete Gegenstände besitzen dagegen einen direkten Bezug zu ihren Besitzerinnen und erlauben so eine ganz andere Perspektive. Hinweise auf lesende und schreibende Frauen geben beispielsweise Grabbeigaben in Form von Schreibgerät, Liebesgeschenke, aber auch Brieffragmente, Graffiti oder Grabinschriften. Diese Quellen werden in Beispielen vorgestellt und sollen an die Vielfalt und die Problematiken der weiblichen Literalität heranführen. While representations of women who read and write are not rare in Roman antiquity and have been the subject of ample research, they deliver only restricted information about the effective ability to read and write. However, personal belongings as writing instruments or inscribed objects, coming from archeological material, provide a direct connection with their owners and therefore a completely different perspective. Funerary objects like writing instruments as well as love gifts, fragments of letters, graffiti or grave inscriptions can serve as indications in this regard. In this paper, examples of these sources are going to be presented in order to give an idea of the diversity and the difficulty of female literacy.

Streiten im Chat

While arguing in face-to-face communication is rather well investigated, there are almost no analyses on similar sequences of internet relay chats. Users of the IRC often revert to patterns of face-to-face communication, as it is for example shown in works on the phatic communication. But a lot of typical aspects of the modality "arguing" - as interruptions, overlaps, prosodic features etc. - can not be realized in the IRC. In exchange, this communication technology also creates new possibilities that are not available in face-to-face communication. In this article, I would like to ask what the consequences of these circumstances are for sequencies of arguing in the IRC. The main questions are: • How is the appropriate modality of interaction created? • What is the structure of sequencies of arguing? Which phases are identifiable (like cause, escalation, de-escalation)? • Which blockades of interaction are realized? • How is emotional involvement manifested? Besides these questions concerning the form of sequencies of arguing, also the function of these sequencies shall be analyzed. This question is important, because arguing in the IRC always is arguing in front of an audience and because the possible anonymity can have an influence on their function

Young Ladies with Their Writing Equipment. Indications of Literacy in Roman Tombs

The Romans introduced reading and writing on a larger scale to their provinces, which is recognizable by the increasing numbers of mostly Latin monumental inscriptions, graffiti and legal documents. As the writing equipment is essential to writing, it was distributed similarly to these testimonies. Hence including stili, inkpots and wax-spatulas, which were widely spread throughout the Roman Empire. As grave goods they were found in the sepulchre of children, men in military service or more interestingly of young women who died before marriage. To all of them writing seemed to be important, as they all ran through the Roman system of education. Fortunately this writing gear can be linked through their position in a tomb to a specific person and we are able to draw conclusions about the abilities of the person in question and the spread of literacy throughout the empire and the social hierarchy. Furthermore these writing utensils are an evidence of trade. Especially inkwells in their varied forms and diverse materials can be assigned to a precise place of production and from there retrace their steps to the places they were excavated in the first place. In this paper the beneficiaries of the Roman education system will be traced by a study of the distribution of the utensils in question

Un sujet culturel et patrimonial appliqué au dialogueterritorial et à la conduite de projets : l'exemple du"groupe de recherche sur la bataille d'Orange"

National audienceDans le cadre du dialogue territorial, la pratiquede conduite de projets, outre le domaine économiqueet social qui constituent ses terres d’élection,concerne aussi la culture et le patrimoine : ainsien est-il du « Groupe de recherche sur la batailled’Orange » qui, fondé en 2014, rassemble des chercheursfrançais et étrangers de différentes disciplines(tous métiers de l’archéologie et périodes de l’histoireconfondues) intéressés par la confrontation qui aopposé les armées romaines du consul MalliusMaximus et du proconsul Servilius Caepio à lacoalition des Cimbres, des Teutons et des HelvètesTigurins dans la région d’Orange (Vaucluse), les8 et 9 octobre de l’an 105 avant notre ère (événementnotamment connu par des témoignages de DionCassius, Tite-Live, Plutarque, Orose, Valerius Antiaset Eutrope)..

Les grands récits du paysage occidental. Une traversée historique et critique (xixe-xxie siècles)

International audienceThe paper presents some of the results of research conducted in four European mountain regions (Sierra Nevada, the Central Pyrenees and the Alps - the upper valley of the River Piave and Valais -) on energy/landscape relations, addressed both from a historical and a prospective point of view. Energy is considered here as the “resource of the resource", exploitation of which allows us to activate other resources, or brings about changes in the forms of its own exploitation. The exploitation of renewable energy resources, in their various datable forms also appears as one of the greatest driving forces behind the transformation and dynamics of landscapes. This paper will also show how energy readings of landscape based on the reconstitution of landscape scenarios of energy can be built upon this base. We focus on interactions that emerged between different forms of energy exploitation and other forms of exploiting the resources of mountain areas throughout the last century (in particular agriculture, forestry and tourism). We also consider the direct and indirect effects of the “houille blanche” (literally white coal – water as an energy resource) energy revolution on mountain landscapes in the first half of the 20th century. This allows us to put into perspective current trends towards harnessing new, diverse renewable energy resources, which are today causing effects that cannot yet be properly measured. These landscape scenarios provide local stakeholders and residents with a very concrete image of the territorial implications of decisions taken in renewable energy development and become the principal basis for dialogue with them (« landscape mediation »). By integrating the territorial and social effects of energy development, this historical analysis of landscape and energy representations becomes an instrument that enables us to articulate energy projects with local territory projects.L’interrogation sur les origines d’une vision et d’une représentation « paysagères » du monde environnant a tenu une place considérable, durant ces trois dernières décennies, dans le discours théorique sur le paysage. Elle a ainsi conduit à produire de véritables grands récits de fondation, explorant les commencements du paysage pour identifier sa « nature substantielle ». À y regarder de près toutefois, le recours à ces grands récits apparaît inséparable de la théorisation du paysage dès l’aube de l’époque contemporaine. Celui-ci est alors lié à l’émergence d’une nouvelle manière d’appréhender le rôle du regard et des perceptions sensorielles dans le dévoilement d’un ordre et d’une beauté de la nature. Des grands récits de l’époque romantique émerge une figure de l’observateur et une conception de l’observation qui fondent pendant deux siècles, en Occident, la configuration de l’objet paysage. La réémergence contemporaine de cette quête des origines du paysage peut quant à elle être regardée comme le symptôme et l’effet de la crise de cette figure et de cette pratique. Les thèses avancées depuis trois décennies sur l’avènement du paysage se donnent ainsi à lire, pour certaines, comme la réification d’une forme d’objectivation héritée et, pour d’autres, comme une tentative de reconstruction du paysage, associant à cet objet de nouvelles fonctions scientifiques et/ou politiques

Medial shaping from the outset: On the mediality of the second presidential debate, 2016

In the present article we argue that all communication is medial in the sense that every human sign-based interaction is shaped by me­dial aspects from the outset. We propose a dynamic, semiotic con­cept of media that focuses on the process-related aspect of media­lity, and we test the applicability of this concept using as an example the second presidential debate between Clinton and Trump in 2016. The analysis shows in detail how the sign processing during the debate is continuously shaped by structural aspects of television and specific traits of political communication in television. This includes how the camerawork creates meaning and how the protagonists both use the affordances of this special mediality. Therefore, it is not adequate in our view to separate the technical aspects of the me­dium, the ‘hardware’, from the processual aspects and the structural conditions of communication. While some aspects of the interaction are directly constituted by the medium, others are more indirectly shaped and influenced by it, especially by its institutional dimension – we understand them as second-order media effects. The whole medial procedure with its specific mediality is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition of meaning-making. We distinguish the medial procedure from the semiotic modes employed, the language games played and the competence of the play­ers involved