El principio de interpretación conforme en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador

El presente trabajo realiza un estudio de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional ecuatoriana respecto del principio de interpretación conforme, analizando que, a partir de la Constitución de la República de 2008, se ha desarrollado una doctrina constitucional importante, teniendo como consideración el control concentrado de las normas y el rol del juez constitucional en la aplicación de los principios constitucionales. De esta manera, nace el principio de interpretación conforme, por medio del cual el juez constitucional en su tarea de máximo órgano de control e interpretación constitucional, al encontrar que una norma de orden legal es contraria a la Norma Fundamental, antes que expulsarla del sistema jurídico, procura su conservación dentro del ordenamiento jurídico, en tanto y en cuanto, sea interpretada de determinada forma. En ese sentido, se analiza desde una perspectiva teórica en qué consiste este principio, tomando como base la teoría de la interpretación; pasando por el origen del control de constitucionalidad, su relación con el derecho internacional, por lo cual se aborda el desarrollo jurisprudencial colombiano y español. En tal virtud, pretende servir de base para posicionar este tema a la hora de examinar o utilizar en la práctica jurídica, la jurisprudencia constitucional desarrollada por el Alto Tribunal ecuatoriano en casos relevantes relacionados con la protección de los derechos fundamentales de la ciudadanía

Smart Cities and Digital Twins in Lower Austria

Smart city solutions require innovative governance approaches together with the smart use of technology, such as digital twins, by city managers and policymakers to manage the big societal challenges. The project Smart Cities aNd Digital Twins in Lower Austria (SCiNDTiLA) extends the state of the art of research in several contributing disciplines and uses the foundations of complexity theory and computational social science methods to develop a digital-twin-based smart city model. The project will also apply a novel transdisciplinary process to conceptualise sustainable smart cities and validate the smart city generic model. The outcomes will be translated into a roadmap highlighting methodologies, guidelines and policy recommendations for tackling societal challenges in smart cities with a focus on rescaling the entire framework to be transferred to regions, smaller towns and non-urban environments, such as rural areas and smart villages, in ways that fit the respective local governance, ethical and operational capacity context.Comment: 2 page

Mapping of B cell epitopes in an immunodominant antigen of Trypanosoma cruzi using fusions to the Escherichia coli LamB protein

The JL8 protein antigen from Trypanosoma cii , a dominant immunogen in man, has been characterized as containing tandem amino acid repeats. Here, we describe the use of the LamB protein of Escherichia coli as a carl icr of JL8 derived sequences in order to map the immunodominant B cell epitopes in this antigen. Five different sequences of JL8 were inserted in the LamB protein and the JL8-LamB fusion proteins were tested by ELISA with human chronic chagasic sera. the fusion carrying the sequence AEKQKAAEATKVAE was recognized by most sera. This protein was also capable of inhibiting the binding of human chagasic antibodies to GST-JL8 in competitive ELISA suggesting that it contains an immunodominant B cell epitope of JL8. (C) 1998 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilIngebi, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Memórias traduzidas em Design Gráfico: experiência pedagógica interdisciplinar

A partir de premissas teóricas acerca do Ensino em Design na contemporaneidade, coloca-se em cena vivências e experiências de prática docente interdisciplinar. A concretude ocorreu entre Fotografia e Oficina Gráfica, disciplinas do Curso de Design no interior do Estado de São Paulo. Optou-se pela temática pautada na memória familiar e pessoal dos alunos como referência para o desenvolvimento projetual com ênfase na importância de referências imagéticas e visuais. Esta proposta didático-pedagógica, e a integração docente, proporcionaram desenvolvimento de processos e produção diversificada, tanto em termos técnicos quanto conceituais. Ao final do semestre foi possível constatar desdobramentos em Ensino e Pesquisa em Design

Educational differentials in key domains of physical activity by ethnicity, age, and sex: a cross-sectional study of over 40,000 participants in The UK Household Longitudinal Study (2013-2015)

Objectives To assess whether educational differentials in three key physical activity (PA) domains vary by age, sex and ethnicity. Design National cross-sectional survey. Setting UK. Participants Altogether 40 270 participants, aged 20 years and over, from the UK Household Longitudinal Study with information on education, PA and demographics collected in 2013–2015. Outcome measures Participation in active travel (AT), occupational activity (OA) and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) at the time of assessment. Results Lower educational attainment was associated with higher AT and OA, but lower weekly LTPA activity; these associations were modified by sex, ethnicity and age. Education-related differences in AT were larger for women—the difference in predicted probability of activity between the highest and the lowest education groups was −10% in women (95%CI: −11.9% to 7.9%) and −3% in men (−4.8% to –0.4%). Education-related differences in OA were larger among men −35% (-36.9% to –32.4%) than women −17% (-19.4% to –15.0%). Finally, education-related differences in moderate-to-vigorous LTPA varied by ethnicity; for example, differences were 17% (16.2% to 18.7%) for white individuals compared with 6% (0.6% to 11.6%) for black individuals. Conclusions Educational differences in PA vary by domain and are modified by age, sex and ethnicity. A better understanding of physically inactive subgroups may aid development of interventions to both increase activity levels and reduce health inequalities

Central autonomic nervous system response to autonomic challenges is altered in patients with a previous episode of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

Aims: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an intriguing disease characterized by acute transient left ventricular dysfunction usually triggered by an episode of severe stress. The excessive levels of catecholamines and the overactivation of the sympathetic system are believed to be the main pathophysiologic mechanisms of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, but it is unclear whether there is a structural or functional signature of the disease. In this sense, our aim was to characterize the central autonomic system response to autonomic challenges in patients with a previous episode of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy when compared with a control group of healthy volunteers. Methods and results: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed in four patients with a previous episode of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (average age of 6712 years) and in eight healthy volunteers (average age of 66 +/- 5 years) while being submitted to different autonomic challenges (cold exposure and Valsalva manoeuvre). The fMRI analysis revealed a significant variation of the blood oxygen level dependent signal triggered by the Valsalva manoeuvre in specific areas of the brain involved in the cortical control of the autonomic system and significant differences in the pattern of activation of the insular cortex, amygdala and the right hippocampus between patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and controls, even though these regions did not present significant volumetric changes. Conclusion: The central autonomic response to autonomic challenges is altered in patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, thus suggesting a dysregulation of the central autonomic nervous system network. Subsequent studies are needed to unveil whether these alterations are causal or predisposing factors to Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.The work was supported by the European Commission (FP7): ‘SwitchBox’ (Contract HEALTH-F2-2010-259772) and ‘MyHealth’ project (Contract DoIT-13853), and by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (project FCT-ANR/NEU-OSD/0258/2012 Portuguese North Regional Operational Program (ON.2 – O Novo Norte)) under the National Strategic Reference Framework (QREN), through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). PM is supported by a ‘SwitchBox’ fellowship and RM by a FCT-ANR/NEU-OSD/0258/2012 fellowship

ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL COMMUNITIES IN PASTURE AND TROPICAL RIPARIAN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN GUAJARÁ-MIRIM, RONDÔNIA, BRAZIL

Understanding the dynamics of soil organisms in natural environments can be very useful for determining the quality of forest and agricultural ecosystems. This study aimed to assess arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities in pasture and regenerating riparian forest sites in Guajará-Mirim, Rondônia, Brazil. Ten soil samples were randomly collected from each ecosystem in three seasons (2018 dry and rainy seasons and 2019 dry season). AMF species richness, frequency, spore density, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, Simpson’s dominance index, and ideal sample size were determined. Species richness varied among sites and seasons, with a tendency toward higher richness in pasture soil in the 2018 dry season. The dominant AMF species in both ecosystems were Glomus macrocarpum and Acaulospora mellea. The pasture site in the 2018 dry season had higher AMF diversity than the riparian forest in the 2018 rainy season and the 2019 dry season. The complete linkage distance between the pasture site in the 2019 dry season and all other sites/seasons was 100%. More than 10 soil samples are needed to accurately determine the richness of AMF species in pasture and riparian forest sites in Guajará-Mirim, Brazil

MicroRNAs, Hypoxia and the Stem-Like State as Contributors to Cancer Aggressiveness

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that play key regulatory roles in cancer acting as both oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Due to their potential roles in improving cancer prognostic, predictive, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, they have become an area of intense research focus in recent years. Several studies have demonstrated an altered expression of several miRNAs under hypoxic condition and even shown that the hypoxic microenvironment drives the selection of a more aggressive cancer cell population through cellular adaptations referred as the cancer stem-like cell. These minor fractions of cells are characterized by their self-renewal abilities and their ability to maintain the tumor mass, suggesting their crucial roles in cancer development. This review aims to highlight the interconnected role between miRNAs, hypoxia and the stem-like state in contributing to the cancer aggressiveness as opposed to their independent contributions, and it is based in four aggressive tumors, namely glioblastoma, cervical, prostate, and breast cancers

Social Exclusion of People Who Suffer from Mental Disorders: A Proposal for an Explanatory Model

Beliefs about the nature of social groups may motivate people to exclude members of minority groups from their conviviality. This process is analyzed in this article by proposing an explanatory model for the social exclusion of people suffering from mental disorders wherein beliefs about the nature of mental disorder, the perception of threat and prejudice contribute to social exclusion. Two studies (Study 1, N = 254; Study 2, N = 236) were conducted with university students who answered the following questions about beliefs and prejudices regarding mental disorders, perceived threat and social exclusion. Regression analyses have shown that exclusion is motivated by prejudice, whose impact is mediated by perceived threat. The results also indicated that prejudice is anchored in participants’ beliefs on the nature of mental disorders, especially those with a religious basis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Exclusión Social de Personas que Sufren de Trastornos Mentales: una Propuesta de Modelo Explicativo

Abstract: Beliefs about the nature of social groups may motivate people to exclude members of minority groups from their conviviality. This process is analyzed in this article by proposing an explanatory model for the social exclusion of people suffering from mental disorders wherein beliefs about the nature of mental disorder, the perception of threat and prejudice contribute to social exclusion. Two studies (Study 1, N = 254; Study 2, N = 236) were conducted with university students who answered the following questions about beliefs and prejudices regarding mental disorders, perceived threat and social exclusion. Regression analyses have shown that exclusion is motivated by prejudice, whose impact is mediated by perceived threat. The results also indicated that prejudice is anchored in participants’ beliefs on the nature of mental disorders, especially those with a religious basis.Resumen: Las creencias de las personas sobre la naturaleza de los grupos sociales pueden motivar la exclusión de su convivencia de miembros de grupos minoritarios. El presente artículo analiza este proceso y propone un modelo explicativo de exclusión social de las personas que sufren de trastornos mentales, en que las creencias sobre la naturaleza del trastorno mental, la percepción de amenaza y el prejuicio contribuyen a la exclusión social. Para ello, se realizaron dos estudios (Estudio 1, N = 254; Estudio 2, N = 236) con estudiantes universitarios que respondieron las preguntas sobre creencias y prejuicios acerca de los trastornos mentales, sobre percepción de amenaza y sobre exclusión social. Los análisis de regresión demostraron que la motivación de la exclusión es el prejuicio, siendo que el impacto del prejuicio es mediado por la percepción de amenaza. Los resultados también apuntan que el prejuicio tiene por base las creencias que mantienen los participantes sobre la naturaleza de los trastornos mentales, especialmente aquellas religiosas.Resumo: As crenças sobre a natureza dos grupos sociais podem motivar as pessoas a excluírem membros de grupos minoritários do seu convívio. Este artigo analisa esse processo propondo um modelo explicativo da exclusão social de pessoas que sofrem com transtornos mentais no qual as crenças sobre a natureza do transtorno mental, a percepção de ameaça e o preconceito contribuem para a exclusão social. Para tanto foram realizados dois estudos (Estudo 1, N = 254; Estudo 2, N = 236) com estudantes universitários que responderam os seguintes perguntas sobre crenças e preconceito acerca dos transtornos mentais, percepção de ameaça e exclusão social. Análises de regressão demonstraram que a exclusão é motivada pelo preconceito, sendo o impacto do preconceito mediado pela percepção de ameaça. Os resultados também indicaram que o preconceito está ancorado nas crenças que os participantes mantêm sobre a natureza dos transtornos mentais, especialmente aquelas de base religiosa