Ocupação do solo e ilha de calor noturna em avenidas marginais a um córrego urbano

Este artigo trata da influência da morfologia urbana na temperatura do ar ao longo das avenidas Alberto Andaló e José Munia, em São José do Rio Preto. Quatro pontos dessas avenidas, ambas situadas ao longo do Córrego Canela, foram selecionados como pontos de coleta de dados de temperatura do ar. Os resultados revelaram que há diferenças de temperaturas entre os pontos. Foram utilizados mapas contendo dados cadastrais e morfológicos, tais como levantamento topográfico, uso e ocupação do solo, configuração das quadras e lotes, altura das edificações e cobertura do solo, obtidos da Prefeitura ou por imagem de satélite e observações de campo. A relação dos dados com as características de uso e ocupação do solo demonstrou uma influência significativa da presença de vegetação e permeabilidade do solo na diminuição da temperatura do ar noturna e, consequentemente, minimização das ilhas de calor. Também se verificou que as áreas com maior ocupação com construções e com maior pavimentação nas ruas e quadras perderam menos calor, levando à formação de ilhas de calor noturnas mais intensas.

Poxviruses and their implication in human health : development of a real time PCR system "pan-pox" and epidemiological study of sero-neutralization of vaccinia virus and cowpox virus

Depuis l’arrêt de la vaccination anti variolique en 1980 l’immunité des populations contre le virus de la variole est en train de diminuer progressivement. Ce dernier ayant été éradiquer, d’autres virus de la même famille, les Poxvirus, infectant les animaux peuvent se transmettre à l’homme. Certaines zoonoses comme le Monkey poxvirus, le Cowpox virus et le Camelpox virus sont responsables de foyers épidémiques dans plusieurs régions du monde. Ce travail a pour but d’améliorer les connaissances sur ces pathogènes émergents. Pour cela la première partie traite de la mise au point d’un système de détection universel, rapide et peu couteux de tous les Poxvirus. La seconde partie est une étude de séroneutralisation de plusieurs cohortes (françaises et étrangères) avec le virus de la vaccine et le Cowpox virus. Cela permet donc de faire un état des lieux de l’immunité des populations en fonction de critères démographiques et géographiques ainsi que la réaction immunologique croisée entre deux poxvirus de la même famille.Since the cessation of smallpox vaccination in 1980, people's immunity to the smallpox virus has been gradually declining. Since the latter has been eradicated, other viruses of the same family, the Poxviruses, infecting animals can be transmitted to humans. Certain zoonoses such as Monkey poxvirus, Cowpox virus and Camelpox virus are responsible for epidemic outbreaks in several regions of the world. The aim of this work is to improve our knowledge of these emerging pathogens. To this end, the first part deals with the development of a universal, rapid and inexpensive detection system for all Poxviruses. The second part is a serum neutralisation study of several cohorts (French and foreign) with vaccinia virus and Cowpox virus. This allows us to assess the immunity of populations according to demographic and geographical criteria as well as the immunological cross-reaction between two poxviruses of the same family

Mise au point d’un système de PCR en temps réel "pan-poxvirus"

Au vu de l’état actuel des connaissances, la majorité des poxvirus animaliers restent encore à découvrir ainsi que leurs réservoirs(i). Le risque d'émergence d'un nouveau poxvirus chez l'homme depuis l’arrêt de la vaccination antivariolique (ii). Aucun système de PCR totalement "pan-pox" actuellement rapporté dans la littérature(iii). C'est pour ces trois raisons que nous avons travaillé à la mise au point d'un système de PCR en temps réel qui ciblerait une séquence conservée chez tous les Poxviridae. Grace à un système de Blast interne nous avons réussi à trouver une séquence ultra conservée parmi tous les poxvirus dans le gène E6R. Après une mise au point technique complexe nous avons testé notre système sur différentes souches de poxvirus ainsi que sur les gènes synthétiques pour mimer des poxvirus plus rares et pour quantifier les performances de notre système. Notre système est performant (R² compris entre 0.95 et 0.99), sensible (limites de détection entre 100 et 10 000 copies d'ADN, répétable et reproductible (SD < 1°C pour le SybrGreen® et < 2Ct pour le TaqMan®). Après ajustement nous sommes arrivés à une spécificité de 95% en système TaqMan®. Pour les poxvirus concernés, notre système est comparable aux systèmes utilisés en routine hospitalière.Nous rapportons dans ce travail le premier système de qPCR "pan-pox" testé et validé sur des ADN issus de souches et des ADN synthétiques quantifiés. Ce travail constitue un véritable accélérateur de découvertes car ce système, contrairement à la métagénomique, est accessible à tous. Son utilisation peut être diagnostique comme épidémiologique et promet l'accès à la partie immergée des poxvirus

Measurement of the IgG Avidity Index in the Diagnosis of Clinical Toxocariasis Patients

International audienceToxocara spp. are parasitic nematodes responsible for human toxocariasis, a common zoonotic helminth infection. The five main features of human toxocariasis are the classical ocular toxocariasis and visceral larva migrans syndrome, followed by covert toxocariasis, common toxocariasis and neurotoxocariasis. The diagnosis of toxocariasis is feasible by considering clinical symptoms, anamnestic history and serology laboratory results; however, serological criteria cannot be used to distinguish active Toxocara infection from past exposure, which is an area of much discussion in clinical practice. In this context, we developed avidity tests (ELISA and immunoblotting) and evaluated their clinical usefulness in distinguishing past from active toxocariasis. Our study involved 46 patients divided into two groups: “active toxocariasis” (n = 14) and “chronic toxocariasis” (n = 32). According to the avidity indices obtained for both the chronic and active toxocariasis groups, we proposed two thresholds: first, an AI lower than 32% supports an active infection; secondly, a threshold above 42% can exclude an active infection. In order to use this assay in routine clinical practice, however, is still requires standardisation with regards to the method and threshold values, which can be established through studies involving larger populations

Introduction to Measurement of Avidity of Anti- Coxiella burnetii IgG in Diagnosis of Q Fever

International audienc

Hepatitis E virus infection in heart transplant recipients, Southeastern France

International audienc

Bartonella infections diagnosed in the French reference center, 2014–2019, and focus on infections in the immunocompromised

International audienc

Detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii in Hospitalized Children Less Than 3 Years of Age

International audienceFew data are available in the literature regarding Pneumocystis jirovecii infection in children under 3 years old. This retrospective cohort study aimed to describe medically relevant information among them. All children under 3 years old treated in the same medical units from April 2014 to August 2020 and in whom a P. jirovecii evaluation was undertaken were enrolled in the study. A positive case was defined as a child presenting at least one positive PCR for P. jirovecii in a respiratory sample. Medically relevant information such as demographical characteristics, clinical presentation, microbiological co-infections, and treatments were collected. The objectives were to describe the characteristics of these children with P. jirovecii colonization/infection to determine the key underlying diseases and risk factors, and to identify viral respiratory pathogens associated. The PCR was positive for P. jirovecii in 32 children. Cardiopulmonary pathologies (21.9%) were the most common underlying disease in them, followed by severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) (18.8%), hyaline membrane disease (15.6%), asthma (9.4%) and acute leukaemia (6.3%). All SCID children were diagnosed with pneumocystis pneumonia. Co-infection with Pj/Rhinovirus (34.4%) was not significant. Overall mortality was 18.8%. Paediatric pneumocystis is not restricted to patients with HIV or SCID and should be considered in pneumonia in children under 3 years old

Pneumococcal pneumonia among shipyard workers: Inside the features of disease onset

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Ocupação do solo e ilha de calor noturna em avenidas marginais a um córrego urbano

Este artigo trata da influência da morfologia urbana na temperatura do ar ao longo das avenidas Alberto Andaló e José Munia, em São José do Rio Preto. Quatro pontos dessas avenidas, ambas situadas ao longo do Córrego Canela, foram selecionados como pontos de coleta de dados de temperatura do ar. Os resultados revelaram que há diferenças de temperaturas entre os pontos. Foram utilizados mapas contendo dados cadastrais e morfológicos, tais como levantamento topográfico, uso e ocupação do solo, configuração das quadras e lotes, altura das edificações e cobertura do solo, obtidos da Prefeitura ou por imagem de satélite e observações de campo. A relação dos dados com as características de uso e ocupação do solo demonstrou uma influência significativa da presença de vegetação e permeabilidade do solo na diminuição da temperatura do ar noturna e, consequentemente, minimização das ilhas de calor. Também se verificou que as áreas com maior ocupação com construções e com maior pavimentação nas ruas e quadras perderam menos calor, levando à formação de ilhas de calor noturnas mais intensas