Conocimiento del yoga en alumnado adolescente y su perspectiva sobre su inclusión en la Educación Física

Yoga has proven to be an effective exercise to prevent physical and mental illnesses from the early stages of growth, thus improving the health of children and adolescents, and, therefore, the health of adults. This study aimed to find out the degree of judgment and understanding by adolescent students about the practice of yoga, as well as their perspective on the inclusion of yoga in education. An anonymous survey was conducted on 269 participants in different institutes in Andalusia (Spain). The knowledge on the part of the adolescent student students about yoga is very limited. However, the students considered the practice of yoga to be relevant, either as an optional or curricular subject, so that, despite the lack of knowledge of the adolescent students about yoga in general, there was a degree of awareness in favor of this activity in improving education.El yoga ha demostrado ser un ejercicio efectivo para evitar enfermedades físicas y mentales desde las primeras etapas del crecimiento, mejorando, por tanto, la salud de los niños y adolescentes, y, por ende, la salud del adulto. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer el grado de juicio y comprensión por parte de alumnado adolescente sobre la práctica del yoga, así como la perspectiva de estos, sobre la inclusión del yoga en la educación. Se realizó una encuesta anónima a 269 participantes en diferentes institutos de Andalucía (España). El conocimiento por parte de los alumnos adolescentes estudiantes sobre el yoga es muy limitado. Sin embargo, el alumnado consideró relevante la práctica del yoga bien como asignatura optativa o curricular, por lo que, aún el desconocimiento del alumnado adolescente sobre el yoga en general, existió un grado de consciencia en favor de esta actividad en la mejora de la educació

Aspergillus nidulans ambient pH signaling does not require endocytosis

9 p.-6 fig.-1 tab.Aspergillus nidulans (Pal) ambient pH signaling takes place in cortical structures containing components of the ESCRT pathway, which are hijacked by the alkaline pH-activated, ubiquitin-modified version of the arrestin-like protein PalF and taken to the plasma membrane. There, ESCRTs scaffold the assembly of dedicated Pal proteins acting downstream. The molecular details of this pathway, which results in the two-step proteolytic processing of the transcription factor PacC, have received considerable attention due to the key role that it plays in fungal pathogenicity. While current evidence strongly indicates that the pH signaling role of ESCRT complexes is limited to plasma membrane-associated structures where PacC proteolysis would take place, the localization of the PalB protease, which almost certainly catalyzes the first and only pH-regulated proteolytic step, had not been investigated. In view of ESCRT participation, this formally leaves open the possibility that PalB activation requires endocytic internalization. As endocytosis is essential for hyphal growth, nonlethal endocytic mutations are predicted to cause an incomplete block. We used a SynA internalization assay to measure the extent to which any given mutation prevents endocytosis. We show that none of the tested mutations impairing endocytosis to different degrees, including slaB1, conditionally causing a complete block, have any effect on the activation of the pathway. We further show that PalB, like PalA and PalC, localizes to cortical structures in an alkaline pH-dependent manner. Therefore, signaling through the Pal pathway does not involve endocytosis.This work was supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain) grants BIO2009-07281 and BIO2012-30965 and by the Comunidad de Madrid (grant S2010/BMD2414).Peer reviewe

Thermodynamics of zinc insertion in CuGaS2:Ti, used as a modulator agent in an intermediate-band photovoltaic material

An intermediate-bandphotovoltaicmaterial, which has an isolated metallic band located between the top of the valence band and bottom of the conduction band of some semiconductors, has been proposed as third generation solar cell to be used in photovoltaic applications. Density functional theory calculations of Zn in CuGaS2:Ti have previously shown that, the intermediate-band position can be modulated in proportion of Zn insertion in such a way that increasing Zn concentration can lead to aband-gap reduction, and an adjustment of the intermediate-band position. This could be interesting in the formation of an intermediate-bandmaterial, that has the maximum efficiency theoretically predicted for the intermediate-band solar cell. In this work, the energetics of several reaction schemes that could lead to the decomposition of the modulated intermediate-bandphotovoltaicmaterial, CuGaS2:Ti:Zn, is studied in order to assess the thermodynamic stability of this material. Calculations of the total free energy and disorder entropy have been taken into account, to get the reaction energy and free energy of the compound decomposition, which is found to be thermodynamically favorabl

Bacteriophages in bathing wàters: A feasibility study on the development of a method based on bacteriophages for the determination of microbiological quality of bathing waters

Projecte: Project report. BCR Information. EU project KINA19506ENC_001. EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Community Research. DG XII/C - Competitive and Sustainable Growth Programme. Published by EU Directorate General ΧΠ - Science, Research and Development ISBN 92-828-9145-3Informe final projecte europeu aigües de bany i bacteriòfagsMethods for the detection and enumeration of somatic coliphages, F-specific RNA bacteriophages and bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides fragilis had been standardised and validated. Conditions for the preparation, transport and distribution of bacteriophage reference materials and preservation of samples had been defined. A method based on flocculation with Mg(OH2) with concentration efficiencies from about 40% was settled to concentrate phages from bathing waters. All methods were successfully implemented in routine laboratories all around the EU. Data on the occurrence of bacteriophages as compared to E. coli and Enterococci are available from diverse situations encountered in the EU. Results allow to conclude that the potential of phages for the determination of the microbiological quality of bathing waters merits to be considered since their determination is feasible and their behaviour in natural water differs from the behaviour of bacterial indicators and consequently they add valuable information

Detection of human cytomegalovirus in bronchoalveolar lavage of intensive care unit patients

The seroprevalence of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is very high worldwide [1, 2] and the spectrum of disease caused by it ranges from an asymptomatic state to a mononucleosis-like syndrome to severe diseases such as pneumonia, retinitis or gastrointestinal infection. The most severe disease occurs in congenital infection and in immunosuppressed patients, in whom the virus acts as an opportunistic pathogen. However, the role of CMV in other populations is less clear and is controversial [3]. Some studies in critical patients describe a relationship between CMV and increased mortality rates, longer length of stay and prolonged need for mechanical ventilation [3-5]. The incidence of active CMV infection depends on the diagnostic method used. Several epidemiological studies and systematic reviews have assessed the incidence of CMV infection in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients, finding values ranging from 0-36% [5-7]. In this study, we aimed to assess the incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes for intensive care unit (ICU) patients with CMV detection by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)

Assessment of dead-end ultrafiltration for the detection and quantification of microbial indicators and pathogens in the drinking water treatment processes

A safe water supply requires distinct treatments and monitoring to guarantee the absence of pathogens and substances potentially hazardous for human health. In this study we assessed the efficiency of the dead-end ultrafiltration (DEUF) method to concentrate faecal indicator organisms (FIO) and pathogens in water samples with different physicochemical characteristics. Water samples were collected at the treatment stages of two drinking water treatment plants to analyse the concentration of a variety of 7 FIO and 4 reference microbes which have some species that are pathogenic to humans: Campylobacter spp., enteroviruses, Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. The samples were analysed before and after concentration by DEUF, detecting FIO concentrations about 1 log10 higher in non-concentrated samples from both catchments. Percent recoveries were highly variable with a mean of 43.8 ± 17.5%, depending on the FIO and inherent sample characteristics. However, DEUF enabled FIO concentration in high volumes of water (100-500 l), allowing a reduction in the detection limit compared to the non-concentrated samples due to the high volume processing capabilities of the method. As a consequence, the detection of FIO removal from water in the drinking water treatment process was 1.0-1.5 logarithms greater in DEUF-treated water compared to unfiltered samples. The DEUF method improved the detection of target indicators and allowed for the detection of pathogens in low concentrations in water after the treatment stages, confirming the suitability of DEUF to concentrate high volumes of different types of water. This method could be useful for microbial analysis in water treatment monitoring and risk assessment, allowing the identification of critical points during the water treatment process and potential hazards in water destined for several uses

Coliphages as model organisms in the characterization and management of water resources

Two groups of bacteriophages that infect Escherichia coli, somatic and F-specific coliphages, have been used in academia as both fecal and viral indicators for many years. Regulatory authorities in different parts of the world are beginning to consider coliphages as indicators of water quality in a range of settings. However, issues such as their potential replication in natural water environments, the cumbersome detection and enumeration methods, a lack of definition concerning which of the two groups should be included in future regulations, and the lack of a clear correlation between coliphages and human viruses and health risks in different water settings remain controversial. This review attempts to shed some light on these contentious issues. The conclusions are that: 1) supposing that they can replicate in some natural water settings, the contribution of coliphages replicated outside the gut will not affect the numbers contributed by fecal pollution and detected by strains recommended for standardized methods; 2) there are easy, fast, and cost-effective methods that can be used in routine laboratories after a little training; 3) perhaps the best option is to determine both groups in a single step; and 4) the low correlation of coliphages with human viruses and health risks is no worse than the correlation between different human viruses

Potential benefit and lack of serious risk from corticosteroids in drug-induced liver injury: an international, multicentre, propensity score-matched analysis

Background: The use of corticosteroids to treat patients with idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) relies on empirical clinical decisions. Aim: To investigate the relationship between corticosteroids and risk of acute liver failure (ALF) in patients with DILI and to assess if corticosteroid therapy was associated with improved outcomes in DILI patients. Methods: We analysed bona fide idiosyncratic DILI cases from the Spanish DILI Registry and Indiana University School of Medicine. Patients treated with corticosteroids were compared to those who did not receive any treatment. Nearest neighbour propensity score matching analyses were conducted. Results: We enrolled 724 patients, 106 under corticosteroid therapy, in whom there was over-representation of more severe injury and autoimmune features, and 618 who did not receive any treatment. In an analysis of 80 pairs of propensity score-matched patients, corticosteroid administration was not associated with an increased risk of developing ALF (odds ratio = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18–2.40; p = 0.518). Furthermore, in an additional analysis, a Cox regression model that included 41 propensity score-matched pairs showed that patients receiving corticosteroids had a significantly higher normalisation rate of liver enzymes than untreated patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.02–3.32; p = 0.043), particularly in patients with serious injury who did not resolve within 30 days (HR = 2.79; 95% CI: 1.20–6.50; p = 0.018). Conclusion: Corticosteroid therapy did not worsen outcome in DILI patients. Indeed, corticosteroid administration was associated with a greater rate of normalisation of liver enzymes in patients with serious DILI.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA. This study was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) cofounded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional - FEDER (contract numbers: PI18/00901, PI19/00883, PI21/01248 and PT20/000127), Consejería de Salud de Junta de Andalucía (contract number: PI-0310-2018), and Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios. CIBERehd and Plataforma ISCIII Ensayos Clínicos are funded by ISCIII. HN holds a postdoctoral research contract funded by Junta de Andalucia (POSTDOC_21_00780). I.A.-A. holds a Sara Borrell contract funded by ISCIII (CD20/00083). This article/publication is based upon work from COST Action CA17112, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). www.cost.eu

Dynamics of crAssphage as a human source tracking marker in potentially faecally polluted environments

Recent studies have shown that crAssphage is abundant in human faecal samples worldwide. It has thus been postulated as a potential microbial source tracking (MST) marker to detect human faecal pollution in water. However, an effective implementation of crAssphage in water management strategies will depend on an understanding of its environmental dynamics. In this work, the abundance and temporal distribution of crAssphage was analysed in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants using different sewage treatments, and in two rivers (water and sediments) that differ in pollution impact and flow regime. Additionally, the influence of environmental conditions (temperature and rainfall) on the removal of the marker was studied along a river section, and natural inactivation was assessed by a mesocosms approach. Molecular and culture-based tools were used to compare crAssphage abundance and dynamics with those of bacteria and bacteriophages currently applied as global indicators (E. coli, somatic coliphages, Bacteroides GA17 bacteriophages, and the human-associated MST markers HF183 and HMBif). CrAssphage concentrations in sewage effluent and river samples were similar to those of HF183 and HMBif and higher than other general and/or culture-based indicators (by 2-3 orders of magnitude). Measurement of crAssphage abundance revealed no temporal variability in the effluent, although rainfall events affected the dynamics, possibly through the mobilisation of sediments, where the marker was detected in high concentrations, and an increase in diffuse and point pollution. Another factor affecting crAssphage inactivation was temperature. Its persistence was longer compared with other bacterial markers analysed by qPCR but lower than culturable markers. The results of this study support the use of crAssphage as a human source tracking marker of faecal pollution in water, since it has similar abundances to other molecular human MST markers, yet with a longer persistence in the environment. Nevertheless, its use in combination with infectious bacteriophages is probably advisable

Evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and modulatory activity of methanol and ethanol extracts of Padina sanctae-crucis

Background: Multi-resistant microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida tropicalis e Candida krusei are the main causes of microbial infections. Padina sanctae-crucis is a seaweed often used to check the contamination of ecosystems by materials such as heavy metals, but studies of the antimicrobial activity of the same seaweed were not found.Methods: The tests for the minimum inhibitory concentration and   modulation of microbial resistance, with the use of ethanolic and  methanolic extracts of Padina Sanctae-cruces combined with drugs of the class of aminoglycosides and antifungal were used to evaluate the activity against the cited microorganisms.Results: Was observed a modulation of antibiotic activity between the natural products and the E. coli and S. aureus strains, indicating a synergism and antagonism respectively.Conclusions: The results showed a moderate modulatory effect against some microorganisms studied.Keywords: multi-resistant microorganisms, modulation, Padina Sanctae-crucis, antimicrobial activity