Realizing General Education: Reconsidering Conceptions and Renewing Practice

General Education is widely touted as an enduring distinctive of higher education in the United States (Association of American Colleges and Universities, [11]; Boyer, [37]; Gaston, [86]; Zakaria, [202]). The notion that undergraduate education demands wide‐ranging knowledge is a hallmark of U.S. college graduates that international educators emulate (Blumenstyk, [25]; Rhodes, [158]; Tsui, [181]). The veracity of this distinct educational vision is supported by the fact that approximately one third of the typically 120 credits required for the bachelor\u27s degree in the United States consist of general education courses (Lattuca & Stark, [120]). Realizing a general education has been understood to be central to achieving higher education\u27s larger purposes, making it a particularly salient concern

Impact of infection on proteome-wide glycosylation revealed by distinct signatures for bacterial and viral pathogens

Mechanisms of infection and pathogenesis have predominantly been studied based on differential gene or protein expression. Less is known about posttranslational modifications, which are essential for protein functional diversity. We applied an innovative glycoproteomics method to study the systemic proteome-wide glycosylation in response to infection. The protein site-specific glycosylation was characterized in plasma derived from well-defined controls and patients. We found 3862 unique features, of which we identified 463 distinct intact glycopeptides, that could be mapped to more than 30 different proteins. Statistical analyses were used to derive a glycopeptide signature that enabled significant differentiation between patients with a bacterial or viral infection. Furthermore, supported by a machine learning algorithm, we demonstrated the ability to identify the causative pathogens based on the distinctive host blood plasma glycopeptide signatures. These results illustrate that glycoproteomics holds enormous potential as an innovative approach to improve the interpretation of relevant biological changes in response to infection

A Review of Metal Nanoparticles Embedded in Hydrogel Scaffolds for Wound Healing In Vivo

An evolving field, nanotechnology has made its mark in the fields of nanoscience, nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and nanomedicine. Specifically, metal nanoparticles have garnered attention for their diverse use and applicability to dressings for wound healing due to their antimicrobial properties. Given their convenient integration into wound dressings, there has been increasing focus dedicated to investigating the physical, mechanical, and biological characteristics of these nanoparticles as well as their incorporation into biocomposite materials, such as hydrogel scaffolds for use in lieu of antibiotics as well as to accelerate and ameliorate healing. Though rigorously tested and applied in both medical and non-medical applications, further investigations have not been carried out to bring metal nanoparticle–hydrogel composites into clinical practice. In this review, we provide an up-to-date, comprehensive review of advancements in the field, with emphasis on implications on wound healing in in vivo experiments.Medicine, Faculty ofNon UBCReviewedFacultyResearche

Modulation of Energy Transfer into Sequential Electron Transfer upon Axial Coordination of Tetrathiafulvalene in an Aluminum(III) Porphyrin–Free-Base Porphyrin Dyad

Axially assembled aluminum­(III) porphyrin based dyads and triads have been constructed to investigate the factors that govern the energy and electron transfer processes in a perpendicular direction to the porphyrin plane. In the aluminum­(III) porphyrin–free-base porphyrin (AlPor-Ph-H₂Por) dyad, the AlPor occupies the basal plane, while the free-base porphyrin (H₂Por) with electron withdrawing groups resides in the axial position through a benzoate spacer. The NMR, UV–visible absorption, and steady-state fluorescence studies confirm that the coordination of pyridine appended tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivative (TTF-py or TTF-Ph-py) to the dyad in noncoordinating solvents afford vertically arranged supramolecular self-assembled triads (TTF-py→AlPor-Ph-H₂Por and TTF-Ph-py→AlPor-Ph-H₂Por). Time-resolved studies revealed that the AlPor in dyad and triads undergoes photoinduced energy and/or electron transfer processes. Interestingly, the energy and electron donating/accepting nature of AlPor can be modulated by changing the solvent polarity or by stimulating a new competing process using a TTF molecule. In modest polar solvents (dichloromethane and <i>o</i>-dichlorobenzene), excitation of AlPor leads singlet–singlet energy transfer from the excited singlet state of AlPor (¹AlPor*) to H₂Por with a moderate rate constant (<i>k</i>_EnT) of 1.78 × 10⁸ s^–1. In contrast, excitation of AlPor in the triad results in ultrafast electron transfer from TTF to ¹AlPor* with a rate constant (<i>k</i>_ET) of 8.33 × 10⁹–1.25 × 10¹⁰ s^–1, which outcompetes the energy transfer from ¹AlPor* to H₂Por and yields the primary radical pair TTF^+•-AlPor^–•-H₂Por. A subsequent electron shift to H₂Por generates a spatially well-separated TTF^+•-AlPor-H₂Por^–• radical pair