Effet de la nature des ions alcalins et alcalino-terreux sur la structure d'un verre riche en terre

Dans le cadre d'une étude structurale d'un verre de confinement de déchets nucléaires de type aluminoborosilicate et riche en terres rares, l'influence de la nature des ions alcalins ou alcalino-terreux est analysée. Pour cela deux séries de verres ont été élaborées dans lesquelles l'ion Na+ (respectivement l'ion Ca2+) présent dans la composition de référence, est totalement substitué par un autre ion alcalin Li+, K+, Rb+ ou Cs+ (respectivement un autre ion alcalino-terreux Mg2+, Sr2+ ou Ba2+). Ces verres, analysés par spectroscopie d'absorption optique, Raman et RMN 27Al et 11B, ont permis de montrer le fort impact de la nature de l'ion modificateur aussi bien sur la structure du réseau vitreux ( variation du rapport BO3/BO4 et variations locales du degré de polymérisation) que de l'environnement local de la terre rare (diminution du degré de covalence de la liaison Nd-O avec l'augmentation de la force de champ de l'ion modificateur)

Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed enantioselective construction of structurally diverse benzothiazolopyrimidines

A highly efficient catalytic enantioselective [4+2] cycloaddition was developed between 2- benzothiazolimines and enecarbamates. A wide range of benzothiazolopyrimidines bearing three contiguous stereogenic centers was obtained in high to excellent yields and with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (d.r. > 98 : 2 and up to >99% ee). Furthermore, this chiral phosphoric acid- catalyzed strategy was scalable and enabled access to a new class of optically pure Lewis base isothiourea derivatives

Structural study of a rare earth-rich aluminoborosilicate glass containing various alkali and alkaline-earth modifier cations

4 pagesA rare-earth rich aluminoborosilicate glass of composition (given in wt.%): 50.68 SiO2 - 4.25 Al2O3 - 8.50 B2O3 - 12.19 M2O - 4.84 M'O - 3.19 ZrO2 - 16.35 Nd2O3 (where M and M' are respectively an alkali and alkaline earth cation) is currently under study as potential nuclear waste form. In this work, we were interested in the structure of this glass in relation with the modifier cation type. Two different glass series were elaborated by changing separately the nature of the alkaline (M=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) and the alkaline-earth (M'=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) ions and different structural studies were intended to elucidate the local environment of the rare-earth and the network arrangement. Only slight effect was put in evidence on the covalency degree and the length of Nd-O linkage with a change of M or M', by optical spectroscopy and EXAFS measurements. Raman and MAS NMR (29Si, 27Al, 11B) spectroscopies showed a variation of the polymerization degree of the network with the size of the modifier cation. Finally, the most important feature of this glass composition is related to the AlO4- charge compensation which was proved to be uniquely assured by alkali cations

Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs

Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Solution phase combinatorial synthesis of arylpiperazines

A solution phase combinatorial synthesis of aryl piperazines 1 and 2 is described based on the S(N)Ar reaction and Schotten-Baumann acylation. The use of excess reagent is allowed and pure arylpiperazines 1 and 2 were obtained by simple acid/base washing

Développement de nouvelles réactions domino impliquant une étape de fonctionnalisation C-H pour la synthèse d'hétérocycles

Le projet scientifique a consisté au développement de nouveaux processus domino ayant pour étape clé la fonctionnalisation d une liaison C-H. L introduction de cette étape de fonctionnalisation C-H a permis d améliorer significativement l efficacité moyenne de la réaction et a offert de nouvelles perspectives du point de vue synthétique. Ainsi, nous avons exploité des stratégies se basant sur des séquences Heck / fonctionnalisation C-H, des réactions de difonctionnalisation d alcènes en conditions oxydantes et un processus d'aminopalladation / fonctionnalisation C-H. Ces méthodologies nous ont permis un accès rapide aux motifs spiroquinolinones, spirooxindoles, oxindoles disubstitués en position 3, oxindoles tétracycliques et pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles.The projet consists in developing new domino processes involving C-H functionalization as the key steps. The introduction of C-H functionalization in the domino reaction leads to the enhancing significantly the efficiency of the reaction and offers new perspectives in a synthetic point of view. In this context, we have exploited different strategies basing on Heck/C-H functionalization process, difunctinalization of alkenes reactions through oxidative addition and a sequencial intramolecular aminopalladation/C-H functionalization. These methodologies allow rapid constructions of spiroquinolines, spirooxindoles, 3,3'-disubstituted oxindoles, tetracyclic oxindoles and pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles cores.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. électronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Synthèse et fonctionnalisation d'hétérocycles azotés catalysées par les métaux de transition. Approche vers la synthèse totale de la (-)-norsuavéoline

Ces travaux de thèse traitent de la synthèse et de la fonctionnalisation d hétérocycles azotés catalysées par les métaux de transition. La première partie de ce projet a été consacrée à la mise en place d une méthode simple et efficace pour la N-cyclopropylation de différents composés azotés. A partir de l acide cyclopropylboronique, en présence de sels de cuivre et dans des conditions de couplage oxydant, une grande variété de composés azotés ont pu être N-cyclopropylés. Cette méthode permet une nouvelle voie d accès aux substrats N-cyclopropylés.La deuxième partie de ces travaux de thèse porte sur l étude de la synthèse de benzimidazole. Ces hétérocycles azotés ont pu être obtenus à partir d amidines grâce à une séquence réactionnelle faisant intervenir une réaction de N-arylation suivi d une cyclisation via la fonctionnalisation d une liaison C-H.La troisième partie de ce manuscrit se focalise sur la synthèse de pyrroles. Cette famille de composés est réputée pour son abondance dans les molécules biologiquement actives. Nous avons développé une réaction séquentielle monotope, permettant la synthèse de N-H pyrroles poly-fonctionnalisés via la formation d un énaminone, catalysée par de l indium (III), suivi d une étape d hétéroannulation catalysée par du palladium.Enfin, la dernière partie de ce projet scientifique décrit notre approche vers la synthèse totale d un alcaloïde : la (-)-norsuavéoline. L originalité de notre approche est basée sur la synthèse, dans un premier temps, du noyau pyridinique de la molécule à partir de l acide L-(-)-glutamique, pour finir par la formation tardive du noyau indolique. Jusqu à maintenant, nous avons développé et optimisé la synthèse de la pyridine. Des études sont toujours en cours au laboratoire afin de former la partie indolique et de terminer cette synthèse.These scientific project deals with synthesis and functionalization of nitrogen heterocycles catalyzed by transition metals. The first part of this project was devoted to the development of a simple and efficient reaction for the N-cyclopropylation of various nitrogen compounds. From cyclopropylboronic acid under copper oxidative coupling conditions, a wide variety of nitrogen compounds have been N-cyclopropylated. This method allows a new access to N-cyclopropylated substrates.The second part of this work deals with benzimidazoles synthesis. These nitrogen heterocycles have been obtained from amidines through a sequence involving a N-arylation reaction followed by cyclization via a C-H bond functionalization.The third part of this manuscript focuses on pyrroles synthesis. Pyrroles are known for their abundance in biologically active molecules. We have developed a new sequential one-pot procedure for poly-functionalized N-H pyrroles synthesis. Through a enaminone formation catalyzed by indium (III), followed by a palladium catalyzed heteroannulation, various N-H pyrroles have been synthesizedThe final part of this scientific project describes our approach to total synthesis of an alkaloid: the (-)-norsuavéoline. The specificity of our approach was based on the formation of pyridine ring in the beginning of the synthesis and a late formation of indole ring. To date, we have developed and optimized the pyridine synthesis from L-(-)-glutamic acid. Studies are ongoing in the laboratory to obtain the indole part and complete the synthesis of this natural product.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. électronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Copper-Mediated N-Cyclopropylation of Azoles, Amides, and Sulfonamides by Cyclopropylboronic Acid

The reaction of azoles, amides, and sulfonamides in dichloroethane with readily available cyclopropylboronic acid in the presence of copper acetate and sodium carbonate afforded the N-cyclopropyl derivs. in good to excellent yields. [on SciFinder (R)