1,563 research outputs found
Estimativa da área foliar do pepino em ambiente protegido por medidas lineares sob salinidade e enxertia
The measurement of leaf area by linear parameters is a useful tool when plants cannot be destroyed for direct measurement. The objectives of this study were to establish equations to estimate the leaf area of greenhouse-cucumber and to evaluate the effects of salinity and grafting on this estimative. Non-grafted cucumber seedlings, cv. 'Hokushin', were transplanted in a greenhouse and were irrigated with water of different salinities (1.0, 3.2 and 5.0 dS m-1). In the second growing period, the same cultivar was grafted on Cucurbita spp. and the plants were irrigated with water of 1.4, 3.0 and 5.3 dS m-1. Leaves of different sizes were collected from both experiments and leaf area was determined by an integrating area meter. Leaf length (L) and width (W) were also recorded. An equation for estimating the leaf area from L and W was developed for a given salinity level or grafting condition and estimated well the area of leaves collected in the other treatments. The leaf area (LA) of cucumber 'Hokushin' could be estimated using the equation LA = 0.88LW - 4.27, for any grafting and salinity conditions.A determinação da área foliar por medidas lineares é uma ferramenta útil quando as plantas não podem ser destruídas para que a medição direta seja realizada. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram definir equações para a estimativa da área foliar do pepino em ambiente protegido e avaliar os efeitos da salinidade e da a enxertia nessa estimativa. Mudas de pepino, cv. 'Hokushin', não enxertadas, foram transplantadas em um ambiente protegido e irrigadas com água de diferentes salinidades (1,0, 3,2 e 5,0 dS m-1). No segundo período de cultivo, a mesma cultivar foi enxertada sobre Cucurbita spp., sendo as plantas irrigadas com água de 1,4, 3,0 e 5,3 dS m-1. Foram coletadas folhas de diferentes tamanhos dos dois cultivos e dos três tratamentos e a área foliar foi determinada por um medidor de área foliar. O comprimento (C) e a largura (L) da folha também foram registrados. Desenvolveram-se equações pelas quais a área foliar pôde ser estimada a partir de medidas de C e L. A equação desenvolvida para um dado nível de salinidade ou condição de enxertia estimou bem a área das folhas coletadas nos demais tratamentos. A área foliar (AF) do pepino 'Hokushin' pode ser estimada pela função AF = 0,88CL - 4,27, para qualquer condição de enxertia e salinidade
Dynamics of Tachyon and Phantom Field beyond the Inverse Square Potentials
We investigate the cosmological evolution of the tachyon and phantom-tachyon
scalar field by considering the potential parameter () as a function of another potential parameter
(), which correspondingly extends the
analysis of the evolution of our universe from two-dimensional autonomous
dynamical system to the three-dimension. It allows us to investigate the more
general situation where the potential is not restricted to inverse square
potential and .One result is that, apart from the inverse square potential,
there are a large number of potentials which can give the scaling and dominant
solution when the function equals for one or some
values of as well as the parameter satisfies
condition Eq.(18) or Eq.(19). We also find that for a class of different
potentials the dynamics evolution of the universe are actually the same and
therefore undistinguishable.Comment: 8 pages, no figure, accepted by The European Physical Journal
C(2010), online first,
http://www.springerlink.com/content/323417h708gun5g8/?p=dd373adf23b84743b523a3fa249d51c7&pi=
Sum rules and energy scales in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+x
The Ferrell-Glover-Tinkham (FGT) sum rule has been applied to the temperature
dependence of the in-plane optical conductivity of optimally-doped
YBa_2Cu_3O_{6.95} and underdoped YBa_2Cu_3O_{6.60}. Within the accuracy of the
experiment, the sum rule is obeyed in both materials. However, the energy scale
\omega_c required to recover the full strength of the superfluid \rho_s in the
two materials is dramatically different; \omega_c \simeq 800 cm^{-1} in the
optimally doped system (close to twice the maximum of the superconducting gap,
2\Delta_0), but \omega_c \gtrsim 5000 cm^{-1} in the underdoped system. In both
materials, the normal-state scattering rate close to the critical temperature
is small, \Gamma < 2\Delta_0, so that the materials are not in the dirty limit
and the relevant energy scale for \rho_s in a BCS material should be twice the
energy gap. The FGT sum rule in the optimally-doped material suggests that the
majority of the spectral weight of the condensate comes from energies below
2\Delta_0, which is consistent with a BCS material in which the condensate
originates from a Fermi liquid normal state. In the underdoped material the
larger energy scale may be a result of the non-Fermi liquid nature of the
normal state. The dramatically different energy scales suggest that the nature
of the normal state creates specific conditions for observing the different
aspects of what is presumably a central mechanism for superconductivity in
these materials.Comment: RevTeX 4 file, 9 pages with 7 embedded eps figure
Evolution of a Metal to Insulator Transition in CaNaCuOCl, as seen by ARPES
We present angle resolved photoemission (ARPES) data on Na-doped
CaCuOCl. We demonstrate that the chemical potential shifts upon
doping the system across the insulator to metal transition. The resulting low
energy spectra reveal a gap structure which appears to deviate from the
canonical form. To reconcile the measured
gap structure with d-wave superconductivity one can understand the data in
terms of two gaps, a very small one contributing to the nodal region and a very
large one dominating the anti-nodal region. The latter is a result of the
electronic structure observed in the undoped antiferromagnetic insulator.
Furthermore, the low energy electronic structure of the metallic sample
contains a two component structure in the nodal direction, and a change in
velocity of the dispersion in the nodal direction at roughly 50 meV. We discuss
these results in connection with photoemission data on other cuprate systems.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures, accepted by PRB; a high quality pdf is
available at
http://helios.physics.utoronto.ca/~fronning/RonningNaCCOCResub.pdf (2.2MB
Measurement of event shape distributions and moments in e+e- -> hadrons at 91-209 GeV and a determination of alpha_s
We have studied hadronic events from e+e- annihilation data at centre-of-mass
energies from 91 to 209 GeV. We present distributions of event shape
observables and their moments at each energy and compare with QCD Monte Carlo
models. From the event shape distributions we extract the strong coupling
alpha_s and test its evolution with energy scale. The results are consistent
with the running of alpha_s expected from QCD. Combining all data, the value of
alpha_s(M_Z) is determined to be alpha_s(M_Z) = 0.1191 +- 0.0005 (stat.) +-
0.0010 (expt.) +- 0.0011 (hadr.) +- 0.0044 (theo.). The energy evolution of the
moments is also used to determine a value of alpha_s with slightly larger
errors: alpha_s(M_Z) = 0.1223 +- 0.0005 (stat.) +- 0.0014 (expt.) +- 0.0016
(hadr.) +0.0054 -0.0036 (theo.).Comment: 63 pages 26 fi
Protons in near earth orbit
The proton spectrum in the kinetic energy range 0.1 to 200 GeV was measured
by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) during space shuttle flight STS-91 at
an altitude of 380 km. Above the geomagnetic cutoff the observed spectrum is
parameterized by a power law. Below the geomagnetic cutoff a substantial second
spectrum was observed concentrated at equatorial latitudes with a flux ~ 70
m^-2 sec^-1 sr^-1. Most of these second spectrum protons follow a complicated
trajectory and originate from a restricted geographic region.Comment: 19 pages, Latex, 7 .eps figure
Search for antihelium in cosmic rays
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) was flown on the space shuttle
Discovery during flight STS-91 in a 51.7 degree orbit at altitudes between 320
and 390 km. A total of 2.86 * 10^6 helium nuclei were observed in the rigidity
range 1 to 140 GV. No antihelium nuclei were detected at any rigidity. An upper
limit on the flux ratio of antihelium to helium of < 1.1 * 10^-6 is obtained.Comment: 18 pages, Latex, 9 .eps figure
Flavour Independent hA Search and Two Higgs Doublet Model Interpretation of Neutral Higgs Boson Searches at LEP
Upper limits on the cross-section of the pair-production process e+e- -> h0A0
assuming 100% decays into hadrons, are derived from a new search for the h0A0
-> hadrons topology, independent of the hadronic flavour of the decay products.
Searches for the neutral Higgs bosons h0 and A0, are used to obtain constraints
on the Type II Two Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM(11)) with no CP violation in the
Higgs sector and no additional non Standard Model particles besides the five
Higgs bosons. The analysis combines LEP1 and LEP2 data collected with the OPAL
detctor up to the highest available centre-of-mass energies. The searches are
sensitive to the h0, A0 -> qq, gg,tau+tau- and h0 -> A0A0 decay modes of the
Higgs bosons. The 2HDM(II) parameter space is explored in a detailed scan.
Large regions of the 2HDM(II) parameter space are excluded at the 95% CL in the
(mh, mA), (mh, tanb) and (mA, tanb) planes, using both direct neutral Higgs
boson searches and indirect limits derived from Standard Model high precision
measurements. The region 1 lesssim mh lesssim 55 GeV and 3 lesssim mA lesssim
63 GeV is excluded at 95% CL independently of the choice of the 2HDM(II)
parameters.Comment: 37 pages, 11 figures, Submitted to Eur. Phys. J.
A Study of Cosmic Ray Secondaries Induced by the Mir Space Station Using AMS-01
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a high energy particle physics
experiment that will study cosmic rays in the to range and will be installed on the International Space Station
(ISS) for at least 3 years. A first version of AMS-02, AMS-01, flew aboard the
space shuttle \emph{Discovery} from June 2 to June 12, 1998, and collected
cosmic ray triggers. Part of the \emph{Mir} space station was within the
AMS-01 field of view during the four day \emph{Mir} docking phase of this
flight. We have reconstructed an image of this part of the \emph{Mir} space
station using secondary and emissions from primary cosmic rays
interacting with \emph{Mir}. This is the first time this reconstruction was
performed in AMS-01, and it is important for understanding potential
backgrounds during the 3 year AMS-02 mission.Comment: To be submitted to NIM B Added material requested by referee. Minor
stylistic and grammer change
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