22 research outputs found
When Do Graph Neural Networks Help with Node Classification: Investigating the Homophily Principle on Node Distinguishability
Homophily principle, i.e. nodes with the same labels are more likely to be
connected, has been believed to be the main reason for the performance
superiority of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) over node-based Neural Networks on
Node Classification tasks. Recent research suggests that, even in the absence
of homophily, the advantage of GNNs still exists as long as nodes from the same
class share similar neighborhood patterns. However, this argument only
considers intra-class Node Distinguishability (ND) and neglects inter-class ND,
which provides incomplete understanding of homophily. In this paper, we first
demonstrate the aforementioned insufficiency with examples and argue that an
ideal situation for ND is to have smaller intra-class ND than inter-class ND.
To formulate this idea, we propose Contextual Stochastic Block Model for
Homophily (CSBM-H) and define two metrics, Probabilistic Bayes Error (PBE) and
negative generalized Jeffreys divergence, to quantify ND, through which we can
find how intra- and inter-class ND influence ND together. We visualize the
results and give detailed analysis. Through experiments, we verified that the
superiority of GNNs is indeed closely related to both intra- and inter-class ND
regardless of homophily levels, based on which we propose a new performance
metric beyond homophily, which is non-linear and feature-based. Experiments
indicate it significantly more effective than the existing homophily metrics on
revealing the advantage and disadvantage of GNNs on both synthetic and
benchmark real-world datasets
Вихретоковый анизотропный термоэлектрический первичный преобразователь лучистого потока
Представлена оригинальная конструкция первичного преобразователя лучистого потока, который может служить основой для создания приемника неселективного излучения с повышенной чувствительностью
Genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma in East Asia and comparison with a European population.
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer. Known risk variants explain only a small fraction of lung adenocarcinoma heritability. Here, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma of East Asian ancestry (21,658 cases and 150,676 controls; 54.5% never-smokers) and identified 12 novel susceptibility variants, bringing the total number to 28 at 25 independent loci. Transcriptome-wide association analyses together with colocalization studies using a Taiwanese lung expression quantitative trait loci dataset (n = 115) identified novel candidate genes, including FADS1 at 11q12 and ELF5 at 11p13. In a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of East Asian and European studies, four loci were identified at 2p11, 4q32, 16q23, and 18q12. At the same time, most of our findings in East Asian populations showed no evidence of association in European populations. In our studies drawn from East Asian populations, a polygenic risk score based on the 25 loci had a stronger association in never-smokers vs. individuals with a history of smoking (Pinteraction = 0.0058). These findings provide new insights into the etiology of lung adenocarcinoma in individuals from East Asian populations, which could be important in developing translational applications
Genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma in East Asia and comparison with a European population
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer. Known risk variants explain only a small fraction of lung adenocarcinoma heritability. Here, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma of East Asian ancestry (21,658 cases and 150,676 controls; 54.5% never-smokers) and identified 12 novel susceptibility variants, bringing the total number to 28 at 25 independent loci. Transcriptome-wide association analyses together with colocalization studies using a Taiwanese lung expression quantitative trait loci dataset (n = 115) identified novel candidate genes, including FADS1 at 11q12 and ELF5 at 11p13. In a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of East Asian and European studies, four loci were identified at 2p11, 4q32, 16q23, and 18q12. At the same time, most of our findings in East Asian populations showed no evidence of association in European populations. In our studies drawn from East Asian populations, a polygenic risk score based on the 25 loci had a stronger association in never-smokers vs. individuals with a history of smoking (P interaction = 0.0058). These findings provide new insights into the etiology of lung adenocarcinoma in individuals from East Asian populations, which could be important in developing translational applications
Formulating and Optimizing a Novel Biochar-Based Fertilizer for Simultaneous Slow-Release of Nitrogen and Immobilization of Cadmium
This study aimed to develop and optimize a novel biochar-based fertilizer composed of rice husk biochar and urea–hydrogen peroxide (UHP), which can simultaneously slowly release nitrogen and immobilize cadmium (Cd). Response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to optimize the fertilizer formulation with the lowest nitrogen release rate. Under the optimized conditions, the cumulative nitrogen release rate of the biochar-based fertilizer was 17.63%, which was significantly lower than that of ordinary fertilizer. Elementary analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy proved that UHP attached to the porous structures of the biochar. The adsorption test showed that the adsorption of Cd onto biochar-based fertilizer quickly reached equilibrium with an equilibrium adsorbing quantity (Qe) of 6.3279 mg·g−1 with an initial concentration of 10 mg·L−1. Compared to original biochar, the Cd immobilization ability of biochar-based fertilizer was significantly better. The adsorption of Cd on biochar-based fertilizer is mainly based on a monolayer adsorption behavior. Finally, improved crop growth was demonstrated by pot experiments, which showed a significant increase in the biomass of cabbage. The concept and findings presented in this study may be used as references in developing a novel biochar-based fertilizer for simultaneously enhancing crop yield and reducing environmental risk
Forced Convection Heat Transfer Using High Temperature and Pressure Water in an Upward-Inclined Tube
Experimental investigation on the shell-side heat transfer performance of molten salt steam generator
Sub-multiplicative interaction between polygenic risk score and household coal use in relation to lung adenocarcinoma among never-smoking women in Asia
10.1016/j.envint.2020.105975Environment International14710597
Interactions between household air pollution and GWAS-identified lung cancer susceptibility markers in the Female Lung Cancer Consortium in Asia (FLCCA)
Genome-wide association analysis identifies new lung cancer susceptibility loci in never-smoking women in Asia
10.1038/ng.2456Nature Genetics44121330-1335NGEN