On rotational solutions for elliptically excited pendulum

The author considers the planar rotational motion of the mathematical pendulum with its pivot oscillating both vertically and horizontally, so the trajectory of the pivot is an ellipse close to a circle. The analysis is based on the exact rotational solutions in the case of circular pivot trajectory and zero gravity. The conditions for existence and stability of such solutions are derived. Assuming that the amplitudes of excitations are not small while the pivot trajectory has small ellipticity the approximate solutions are found both for high and small linear damping. Comparison between approximate and numerical solutions is made for different values of the damping parameter.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

CEM03.03 and LAQGSM03.03 Event Generators for the MCNP6, MCNPX, and MARS15 Transport Codes

A description of the IntraNuclear Cascade (INC), preequilibrium, evaporation, fission, coalescence, and Fermi breakup models used by the latest versions of our CEM03.03 and LAQGSM03.03 event generators is presented, with a focus on our most recent developments of these models. The recently developed "S" and "G" versions of our codes, that consider multifragmentation of nuclei formed after the preequilibrium stage of reactions when their excitation energy is above 2A MeV using the Statistical Multifragmentation Model (SMM) code by Botvina et al. ("S" stands for SMM) and the fission-like binary-decay model GEMINI by Charity ("G" stands for GEMINI), respectively, are briefly described as well. Examples of benchmarking our models against a large variety of experimental data on particle-particle, particle-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus reactions are presented. Open questions on reaction mechanisms and future necessary work are outlined.Comment: 94 pages, 51 figures, 5 tables, invited lectures presented at the Joint ICTP-IAEA Advanced Workshop on Model Codes for Spallation Reactions, February 4-8, 2008, ICTP, Trieste, Italy; corrected typos and reference

The Effect of Transitions on Access to Higher Education

Explores how the transition process from secondary to higher education affects access to higher education in the Netherlands, South Africa, Ukraine, and the United States. Examines barriers and makes recommendations for expanding "access with success.

Lack of IL‐7 and IL‐15 signaling affects interferon‐γ production by, more than survival of, small intestinal intraepithelial memory CD8 + T cells

Survival of antigen‐specific CD8 + T cells in peripheral lymphoid organs during viral infection is known to be dependent predominantly on IL‐7 and IL‐15. However, little is known about a possible influence of tissue environmental factors on this process. To address this question, we studied survival of memory antigen‐specific CD8 + T cells in the small intestine. Here, we show that 2 months after vaccinia virus infection, B8R 20–27 /H2‐K b tetramer + CD8 + T cells in the small intestinal intraepithelial (SI‐IEL) layer are found in mice deficient in IL‐15 expression. Moreover, SI‐IEL and lamina propria lymphocytes do not express the receptor for IL‐7 (IL‐7Rα/CD127). In addition, after in vitro stimulation with B8R 20–27 peptide, SI‐IEL cells do not produce high amounts of IFN‐γ neither at 5 days nor at 2 months postinfection (p.i.). Importantly, the lack of IL‐15 was found to shape the functional activity of antigen‐specific CD8 + T cells, by narrowing the CTL avidity repertoire. Taken together, these results reveal that survival factors, as well as the functional activity, of antigen‐specific CD8 + T cells in the SI‐IEL compartments may markedly differ from their counterparts in peripheral lymphoid tissues.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/88067/1/3513_ftp.pd

Doppler Effect and Acoustic Trails of Neutrinos

In the monitoring mode, signals averaged over 1 minute were recorded in four one-third octave bands: 30, 160, 500 and 1200 Hz. Sometimes, audio signals were recorded using a computer sound card. These signals had varied and surprising forms, but there was no technical capability to record them in monitoring mode. This opportunity appeared in California in 2015. In the period from 2015 to 2017, in the SAFOD pilot well in California at a depth of 1000 m with coordinates 35.974257 N, -120.552076 W, seismological surveys were carried out for the first time using the innovative MIG-3V geophone with a wide band in the infrasonic and sound frequency ranges and in the amplitude range of more than 240 dB. In August 2016, a similar geophone for the same purpose was installed in the VGS well with coordinates 56.967017 N, 43.720605 E to a depth of 1400 m. Digital data in the automatic monitoring mode was recorded continuously every 0.1 ms. Analysis of the data obtained in the SAFOD well (more than 4 TB) showed that, along with seismic signals, there are acoustic traces in the data, which have never been observed in the wells before. Similar tracks were observed in the VGS well. Acoustic trails similar in shape and frequency are observed in the aquatic environment of lakes and Oceans when searching for acoustic trails from high-energy cosmic particles, in particular, with the help of acoustic neutrino detectors