125 research outputs found
A Comparison of the Effects of Two Therapeutic Exercises on the Muscle Action Potential of the Vastus Medialis
Electromyography was utilized to compare the effects of two therapeutic exercises at two work loads in knee extension on the muscle action potential in the vastus medialis. One exercise was extension to 180 degrees with a four second isometric hold and flexion to 90 degrees. The other exercise was extension to 180 degrees, 15 degrees flexion, 15 degrees extension and flexion to 90 degrees. Each exercise lasted for 10 seconds.
The subjects in the study were 11 varsity female athletes from the fall and winter interscholastic athletic program at Eastern Illinois University. The subjects met for the first time to determine their work loads and to practice each exercise. The work loads were determined to be one-half and three-fourths of the maximum weight lifted to full knee extension. At a second meeting, data was collected from each subject for each exercise performed during two trials at two different work loads.
The research design consisted of a single-group with two variables. The amplitude of the spikes was measured and the frequencies of the spikes on each interference pattern were counted. A quantitative figure was obtained by multiplying mean amplitude by frequency for each trial. This score was utilized with a multiple analysis of variance program by the Eastern Illinois University Data Processing Center.
A null hypothesis was tested at the .05 level of significance. The null hypothesis stated: Exercising the quadriceps femoris through a full range of motion plus repetition of the last 15 degrees does not increase the muscle action potential of the vastus medialis when compared to a full extension and flexion exercise with the same time duration.
Major findings of the study concluded that there was no difference in the muscle action potential in the two exercises. There was a significant difference in the muscle action potential due to the increase in weights between one-half maximum weight and three-fourths maximum weight
Palaeoenvironmental changes at the onset of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (NW Italy): a microbial perspective
Paleoenvironmental change in a precession-paced succession across the onset of the Messinian salinity crisis: Insight from element geochemistry and molecular fossils
New risks and trends in the safety and health of women at work
In 2009 and 2010, the Agency commissioned an update to its previous research on gender issues at
work (EU-OSHA, 2003), which found that inequality both within and outside the workplace can have
an effect on the health and safety of women at work. This report provides that update and the first
figures on the effects of the recent economic downturn on women at work. It aims to fulfil the task
outlined by the European strategy on health and safety at work (EC, 2002) for EU-OSHA’s European
Risk Observatory: ‘examining the specific challenges in terms of health and safety posed by the more
extensive integration of women in the labour market’.
Gender inequalities in the workplace and work–life balance issues have become increasingly
important as the employment rates of women have continued to grow in all Member States. Although
in 2012 58.6 % of working age women (in the EU-27) were in employment and women filled 59 % of
all newly created jobs in 2009(1
), the extent to which women contribute economically still seems to be
underestimated. At its start, women were affected less than men by the recent economic crisis, as the
first jobs to be lost were mostly in the male-dominated construction and manufacturing industries.
However, between 2008 and 2012, European gender differences in employment fell by an average of
7.6 to 6.3 percentage points, mainly because male employment rates fell more than those of women,
which have returned to the 2007 level. A modern organisation of work, a knowledge economy,
competitiveness and more and better jobs are central to the post-2010 Lisbon Strategy and the EU’s
2020 Strategy. Women are essential to the workforce in terms of providing an active and sustainable
source of labour, and in June 2010 the European Council set a new, ambitious target aiming to raise
the employment rate for women and men aged 20–64 to 75 % by 2020, partly through the greater
participation of young people, older workers and low-skilled workers and the better integration of legal
migrants. However, although employment rates for women are rising, much remains to be done,
especially for older and younger women, to reach this goal and at the same time ensure decent work
for all.
The issue of occupational safety and health (OSH) for women who work in the European Union (EU)
is central to an understanding of the working environment. Previous research has shown that
women’s OSH has to be improved. Research from the European Commission illustrates that, even by
1995, women accounted for close to or above half of all cases of work-associated ill health, including
allergies (45 %), infectious illnesses (61 %), neurological complaints (55 %) and hepatic and
dermatological complaints (48 %). The situation has not improved. Further, for ‘women’s jobs’, such
as those in the health and social services, retail and hospitality sectors, there is a stagnation in
accident rates in some countries; women are more likely to be bullied and harassed, subjected to
sexual harassment and have to use poorly fitting personal protective equipment that is not usually
sized for a smaller frame.
The aims of this review are to:
Provide a statistical overview of the trends in employment and integration of women in the labour
market, and explore how they impact on their occupational safety and health.
Identify and highlight the main issues and trends in employment characteristics, working
conditions, hazard exposure and work-related accidents and health problems for women at work
and explore more in-depth selected issues not addressed thoroughly before, such as combined
exposures, informal work and the rehabilitation of women into work.
Identify emerging issues for OSH research and the prevention of occupational diseases and
accidents affecting women at work.
This focus on OSH benefits not only women but also men who work, and thus reinforces the
considerable potential to be gained by improved workplaces.
A summary of the findings and trends and a more detailed list of suggestions is included in every
chapter of this report and in the conclusions
Dense carbon monoliths for supercapacitors with outstanding volumetric capacitances
A commercially available dense carbon monolith (CM) and four carbon monoliths obtained from it have been studied as electrochemical capacitor electrodes in a two-electrode cell. CM has: (i) very high density (1.17 g cm−3), (ii) high electrical conductivity (9.3 S cm−1), (iii) well-compacted and interconnected carbon spheres, (iv) homogeneous microporous structure and (v) apparent BET surface area of 957 m2g−1. It presents interesting electrochemical behaviors (e.g., excellent gravimetric capacitance and outstanding volumetric capacitance). The textural characteristics of CM (porosity and surface chemistry) have been modified by means of different treatments. The electrochemical performances of the starting and treated monoliths have been analyzed as a function of their porous textures and surface chemistry, both on gravimetric and volumetric basis. The monoliths present high specific and volumetric capacitances (292 F g−1 and 342 F cm−3), high energy densities (38 Wh kg−1 and 44 Wh L−1), and high power densities (176 W kg−1 and 183 W L−1). The specific and volumetric capacitances, especially the volumetric capacitance, are the highest ever reported for carbon monoliths. The high values are achieved due to a suitable combination of density, electrical conductivity, porosity and oxygen surface content.Financial support from projects MAT2011-25198, MP1004 and PROMETEO/2009/047 is gratefully acknowledged. V.B. thanks MINECO for R&C contract
Comment on “Relict basin closure and crustal shortening budgets during continental collision: an example from Caucasus sediment provenance” by cowgill et al. (2016)
Measurements of the branching fractions for decays at Belle II
This paper reports a study of decays using
fb of data collected during 2019--2020 by the Belle II experiment at the
SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy collider, corresponding to events. We find , ,
, and signal events in the decay modes , ,
, and , respectively. The uncertainties quoted for the
signal yield are statistical only. We report the branching fractions of these
decays: where the first
uncertainty is statistical, and the second is systematic. The results are
consistent with world-average values
Observation of decays using the 2019-2022 Belle II data sample
We present a measurement of the branching fractions of four decay modes. The measurement is based on data from
SuperKEKB electron-positron collisions at the resonance
collected with the Belle II detector and corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of . The event yields are extracted from fits
to the distributions of the difference between expected and observed meson
energy to separate signal and background, and are efficiency-corrected as a
function of the invariant mass of the system. We find the branching
fractions to be: where the first uncertainty is statistical and
the second systematic. These results include the first observation of
, , and decays and a significant improvement in the precision
of compared to previous measurements
Reconstruction of decays identified using hadronic decays of the recoil meson in 2019 -- 2021 Belle II data
We present results on the semileptonic decays and in a sample corresponding to
189.9/fb of Belle II data at the SuperKEKB collider. Signal decays
are identified using full reconstruction of the recoil meson in hadronic
final states. We determine the total branching fractions via fits to the
distributions of the square of the "missing" mass in the event and the dipion
mass in the signal candidate and find and where the dominant
systematic uncertainty comes from modeling the nonresonant contribution
Angular analysis of decays reconstructed in 2019, 2020, and 2021 Belle II data
We report on a Belle II measurement of the branching fraction
(), longitudinal polarization fraction (), and CP asymmetry
() of decays. We reconstruct decays in a
sample of SuperKEKB electron-positron collisions collected by the Belle II
experiment in 2019, 2020, and 2021 at the (4S) resonance and
corresponding to 190 fb of integrated luminosity. We fit the
distributions of the difference between expected and observed candidate
energy, continuum-suppression discriminant, dipion masses, and decay angles of
the selected samples, to determine a signal yield of events. The
signal yields are corrected for efficiencies determined from simulation and
control data samples to obtain $\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to \rho^+\rho^0) = [23.2^{+\
2.2}_{-\ 2.1} (\rm stat) \pm 2.7 (\rm syst)]\times 10^{-6}f_L = 0.943 ^{+\
0.035}_{-\ 0.033} (\rm stat)\pm 0.027(\rm syst)\mathcal{A}_{CP}=-0.069
\pm 0.068(\rm stat) \pm 0.060 (\rm syst)\mathcal{A}_{CP}B^+\to
\rho^+\rho^0$ decays reported by Belle II
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