Novas pesquisas sobre as plantas hospedeiras do nematóide do cafeeiro, Meloidogyne exigua Goeldi, 1887

Foram realizadas provas para conhecer a reação de 54 culturas e 34 ervas más ao nematóide Meloidogyne exigua. Nenhuma planta se revelou sensível ao parasito, apresentando-se atacadas apenas as variedades de Coffea arabica e um híbrido de C. arabica e C. excelsa.Tests were performed in order to evaluate the reaction of 54 crops and 34 weed species to M. exigua. None revealed to be susceptible to this parasite. Several of the species were attacked by other root-knot nematodes, to which they are well known hosts

Ocorrência de nematóides em culturas de cebola

Several nematode species were found in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, attacking roots of onion; namely, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. thamesi, and Pratylenchus brachyurus. The last species seemed to be much more serious a detriment to onion production than the other ones. Symptoms exhibited by the attacked plants, particularily in seedlings, were: reduction of the aerial part and root system, chlorosis, magnesium and other element deficiencies, galls and necrosis on the roots and multilated roots. Control measures considered most economic are presented. They include: fumigation of the seed beds, crop rotation and repeated disturbance of the soil principally during hot-dry periods.Culturas de cebola (Allium cepa L.), conduzidas em duas localidades do Estado de São Paulo, sofreram infestação por nematóides parasitos das raízes, filiados aos gêneros Meloidogyne (M. incognita, M. javanica e M. thamesi) e pratylenchus (P. brachyurus). A última espécie pareceu ser bem mais nociva que as demais como parasita da planta em apreço. Os sintomas exibidos pelas plantas atacadas, principalmente pelos “seedlings", foram os seguintes: redução na parte aérea e no sistema radicular, clorose, sintomas de deficiência de magnésio e outros elementos, galhas e necroses nas raízes, raízes amputadas. As medidas de controle disponíveis, consideradas as mais econômicas, são apresentadas e incluem fumigação dos canteiros destinados às sementeiras, rotação de culturas e revolvimentos repetidos do solo, máxime em períodos quentes e secos

Nematódeos e bactérias em fôlhas de alcachôfra

Diseased plants of artichoke (Cynara scolimus L.) from the Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, Brazil, harboured nematodes in the leaves. The nematodes proved to belong to the species Protorhabditis oxyuris (Claus, 1862) Dougherty, 1955. As it could not be charged as the primary agent of the disease, a study of the bacteria found in the material was made. This disclosed that 4 different bacterial forms were present, namely Bacillus subtilis, Bacterium udum, Xanthomonas beticola var. cynarae n. var., and Cory neb acterium fascians var. cynarae n. var. The typical forms of X. beticola and of C. fascians are known as pathogenic to a number of plants: but, in the present case, unfortunately no inoculation trial could be made as an attempt to clear up the possible pathogenicity of any of them also to Cynara scolimus. The nematode P. oxyuris is the secondary agent, which however possibly play an important part in the distribution of the bacteria, as it has been repeatedly pointed out by previous writers with reference to closely related species. The symptoms of the disease are described. The main injuries found on leaves were necrotic areas progressing from the distal part of the limb, resulting in a great reduction of the leaf superficies

Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Third Eyelid of a Dog

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm that originates from the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and predominantly affect light-skinned animals. In dogs, breeds such as American Staffordshire Terriers, white or speckled Bull Terriers, and Beagles have a higher predisposition. Squamous cell carcinoma presents in the skin, at slightly pigmented or hairy sites, especially in digits, but also may occur in the nasal planum, oral mucosa, and rarely, in the eye. Considering that few reports have been published on eye neoplasms, the aim of this paper is to describe a dog with a lesion in the third eyelid of his right eye which was diagnosticated with squamous cell carcinoma. Case: A 10-year-old male American Staffordshire dog was admitted to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics College, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil with injury to the right eye. During the physical examination, there was also a non-adhered lump near the foreskin, measuring 1.5 cm in diameter. In addition, there was another lump in the third eyelid of the right eye, approximately 3 mm in diameter. Cytology of the dermal nodule was performed by fine-needle aspiration cytology; however, the sample was insufficient for cytological evaluation. Therefore, the animal was placed under general anesthesia for skin lump excision and for fine-needle aspiration cytology of the third eyelid nodule. The histopathological exam revealed high cellularity of epithelial cells, intense anisocytosis and pleomorphism, cytoplasmic basophilia and vacuolation, multiple evident nucleoli, and anisocariosis and coarse chromatin. These finds were compatible with squamous cell carcinoma, which was the same result suggested by fine-needle aspiration cytology of the third eyelid sample. Based on these results, the dog underwent a surgical procedure for enucleation and subsequent histopathological evaluation of the nodule in the third eyelid, which confirmed the squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis.Discussion: Squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely aggressive tumor with low metastatic potential, characterized by invasion of the dermis by proliferation of malignant epithelial cells from the prickly layer. It is most common in elderly animals, and American Staffordshires are among the breeds that are predisposed to develop this tumor. The clinical presentation is highly variable, depending on the tissue involved. In this case, the dermal nodule was an elevated area on the skin and the third eyelid nodule resembled an ulcerative mass. Cytological examination from the lesion located on the third eyelid, showed malignancies cytoplasmic changes frequently found in carcinomas such as anisocytosis, cytoplasmic basophilia, and cell pleomorphism. In addition, nuclear changes had also occurred, such as crass chromatin, multiple evident nucleoli, and multinucleated cells. A presumptive diagnosis was made based on cytology and was confirmed after biopsy and histopathological examination. Because it is uncommon in dogs, squamous cell carcinoma of the third eyelid may be misdiagnosed, delaying correct treatment, and accelerating the development of the tumor. Currently, various therapeutic approaches are available, such as surgical excision, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, radiation, and hyperthermia. The choice of treatment depends on the location and stage of the lesions. Surgical treatment should be aimed at removing sufficient tissue to leave surgical margins free of neoplastic cells

Plantas hospedeiras de um nematóide nocivo ao cafeeiro

Foram realizados testes afim de conhecer as plantas hospedeiras e não hospedeiras de um nematóide verificado atacando cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L) em Castelo Branco Pr. Sementes de 56 culturas de importância econômica e de 23 ervas daninhas foram semeadas em recipientes contendo solo artificialmente infestado pelo nematóide, o qual havia sido previamente identificado como Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949.Tests were performed in order to evaluate the reaction of a number of crops and weed species to a nematode found attacking coffee trees in Brazil, namelly Meloidogyne incognita. Plants which revealed to be susceptible as well as plants found not attacked by this parasite are listed

Namoro e Envolvimento Feminino com Ato Infracional: um estudo de casos múltiplos

The present study dedicates itself to analyze the life and amorous relationship aspects of teenagers in socio-educative confinement in a socio-educational facility that were apprehended with their partners, in order to comprehend the mechanisms that would cause risk for the commission of infractional acts. Multiples case-studies were carried out with three adolescents that were apprehended along with amorous partners. The data were collected through narrative interview and analyzed making use of the thematic analysis. Data analysis favored a developmental reading of the phenomenon based on the assumptions of the Attachment Theory. The main finding refers to the importance of escape from home in determining the risk for the involvement with infractional acts with an amorous partner. The escape from home led to the weakening of bonds with parental figures and with schooling. The transition to adolescence, the risk behavior, the attraction for a partner involved with the unlawfulness, and the influence of the partner relate to the escape from home, motivating it or giving context to its maintenance. The strengthening of public polices for the protection of children and adolescents is fundamental for the prevention of risk behaviors and involvement with infractional acts.O presente estudo se dedica a analisar a história de vida e de relacionamento amoroso de adolescentes em medida socioeducativa de internação que foram apreendidas com seus parceiros, a fim de compreender aspectos e eventos que ocasionariam risco ao cometimento de um ato infracional. Realizou-se estudo de casos múltiplos com três adolescentes que foram apreendidas junto com parceiro amoroso. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista narrativa e analisados fazendo-se uso da análise temática. A análise dos dados privilegiou uma leitura desenvolvimental do fenômeno a partir dos pressupostos da Teoria do Apego. O principal achado refere-se à importância da fuga do lar na determinação do risco para o envolvimento com atos infracionais com parceiro amoroso, pois ensejou o enfraquecimento dos vínculos com as figuras parentais e com a escolarização. A transição para adolescência, o comportamento de risco, a atração por parceiro envolvido com ilicitude e a influência do parceiro se relacionaram com a fuga do lar, motivando-a ou dando contexto para sua manutenção. O fortalecimento das políticas públicas em prol da proteção a crianças e adolescentes figura como fundamental para a prevenção de comportamentos de risco e envolvimento com atos infracionais

Debugging visualization tools: a systematic review

Debugging is the task of locate and fix program bugs. Debugging activity is performed in the same way since 1960’s, when the first symbolic debuggers were introduced. Recently, visualization techniques have been proposed to represent program information during fault localization. However, none of them were introduced at industrial environments. This article presents a systematic review about visualization techniques for debugging. Despite the increasing number of studies in the area, visual debugging tools are not yet used in practice.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

“Eu quero um amor”: violência no namoro e medida socioeducativa

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender como se manifesta a violência em relacionamentos amorosos de adolescentes do sexo feminino no contexto de internação socioeducativa. A pesquisa foi realizada tendo a  inserção ecológica como método. O pesquisador realizou 32 visitas a uma unidade de internação mista, com média de 3h por visita. Considerou-se participante da pesquisa 25 pessoas (14 adolescentes e 11 servidoras). Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise temática e apontaram para a presença da violência em relacionamentos amorosos das adolescentes, tanto atuais como pregressos. A violência cumpre várias funções no relacionamento amoroso e afeta o desenvolvimento de competências psicossociais. A unidade não dispunha de intervenção que abordasse prevenção à violência no namoro, apesar de relacionamentos amorosos aparecerem como um componente do projeto de vida. É fundamental a compreensão das múltiplas violências as quais o público feminino está submetido para qualificação do atendimento socioeducativo

Vulnerability detection techniques and tools: a survey with members of agile teams in Brazil

There is little information on the adoption of agile methodologies in Latin America, and there is a percentage of professionals who receive little formal training. This article aims to identify and describe the interest of team members who use agile methods in software development in vulnerability detection techniques and tools (VDTT). To do so, a survey was proposed listing 18 techniques and tools that make up three well-known processes of secure software development, namely: McGraw Process, OWASP CLASP and Howard and Lipner\u27s activities. The survey was applied to 111 members of agile software development teams who have already deployed, are in the process of deploying, or are going to deploy vulnerability detection techniques and tools in the projects. The participants of the survey were: (1) requirements analysts; (2) software architects; (3) developers; and (4) testers. Some organizations have specific members of agile teams, such as security experts, scrum masters, product owners, and agile coaches. From the collected data it was possible, by means of statistical techniques like Fisher\u27s Exact Test and measures of Lambda and Gama associations, to identify relationships between interest in the use of VDTT and the adoption of agile methods and the adoption of software quality frameworks and services. Existe poca información sobre la adopción de metodologías ágiles en América Latina, y hay un porcentaje de profesionales que reciben poca formación formal. Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar y describir el interés de los miembros del equipo que utilizan métodos ágiles en el desarrollo de software en técnicas y herramientas de detección de vulnerabilidades (TFDV). Para ello, se propuso una encuesta que enumera 18 técnicas y herramientas que componen tres conocidos procesos de desarrollo de software seguro, a saber: McGraw Process, OWASP CLASP y las actividades de Howard y Lipner. La encuesta se aplicó a 111 miembros de equipos de desarrollo de software ágil que ya se han implementado, están en proceso de implementación o van a implementar técnicas y herramientas de detección de vulnerabilidades en sus proyectos. Los participantes de la encuesta fueron: (1) analistas de requisitos; (2) arquitectos de software; (3) desarrolladores; y (4) probadores. Algunas organizaciones de la muestra tienen miembros específicos de equipos ágiles, como expertos en seguridad, Scrum Masters, propietarios de productos y coaches ágiles. A partir de los datos recopilados, fue posible utilizar técnicas estadísticas Fisher Exact Test y medidas de asociaciones Lambda y Gama para identificar relaciones entre el interés en el uso de TFDV y la adopción de métodos ágiles y la adopción de marcos de software y calidad de servicio. Há poucas informações sobre a adoção de metodologias ágeis na América Latina, e há um percentual de profissionais que recebem pouco treinamento formal. Este artigo visa identificar e descrever o interesse dos membros de equipes que usam métodos ágeis no desenvolvimento de software em técnicas e ferramentas de detecção de vulnerabilidades (TFDV). Para tanto, foi proposto um survey que lista 18 técnicas e ferramentas que compõem três conhecidos processos de desenvolvimento de software seguro, a saber: Processo de McGraw, OWASP CLASP e as atividades de Howard e Lipner. O survey foi aplicado a 111 membros de equipes de desenvolvimento ágil de software que já implantaram, estão em processo de implantação ou ainda vão implantar técnicas e ferramentas de detecção de vulnerabilidades nos projetos. Os participantes do survey foram: (1) analistas de requisitos; (2) arquitetos de software; (3) desenvolvedores; e (4) testadores. Algumas organizações da amostra possuem membros específicos de equipes ágeis, tais como especialistas em segurança, Scrum masters, product owners e agile coaches. A partir dos dados coletados foi possível por meio das técnicas estatísticas Fisher Exact Test e medidas de associações Lambda e Gama identificar relações entre interesse no uso de TFDV e a adoção de métodos ágeis e a adoção de frameworks de qualidade de software e serviços

Effect of different water levels on the production of two garlic cultivars under drip irrigation

Estudo realizado no Campo Experimental do Departamento de Agricultura e Horticultura da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), em Piracicaba, SP. Procurou-se determinar um manejo de água adequado - e seus efeitos na produção de bulbos - para as cultivares de alho (Allium sativum L.) Juréia e Gigante de Lavínia, estimando o fator de consumo de água por parte da cultura, através de valores de evaporação do tanque classe A para irrigação por gotejamento. O experimento foi conduzido em março de 1979, num delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em um esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com Oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos incluíram os fatores de evaporação 0,4, 0,7, 1,0 e 1,3 para ambas as cultivares. Encerrado o ciclo de crescimento, a análise dos dados de produção de bulbos curados levou à conclusão de que: a- o fator 1,0 foi o que proporcionou a maior produção de bulbos Extra e Grande, e a menor produção de bulbos Médios e Pequenos para a "Juréia", enquanto que a "Gigante de Lavínia" respondeu lincarmente ao fator de evaporação, sendo o fator 0,4 o mais eficiente no consumo de água; para a "Juréia", houve pequena diferença entre este fator e o fator 1,0. b. a cultivar Gigante de Lavínia, apesar de fortemente atacada pela ferrugem, apresentou produções mais elevadas, com bulbos maiores e sem perfilhamento. c. na "Juréia", não houve correlação positiva significativa entre umidade do solo e perfilhamento. d. a "Gigante de Lavínia" foi mais exigente em matéria de umidade de solo; a aplicação de mais água aumentou em 2% a produção de bulbos Extra e Grande, enquanto que a "Juréia" baixou a produção cm 17,3%.This study was carried out at the Experimental Field of the Department of Agriculture and Horticulture of the Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. It attempted to determine an adequate water management - and its effects on bulb yield – for the "Juréia" and "Gigante de Lavínia" garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars, estimating the water consumption factor of the culture, using values from a class A evaporations pan for drip irrigation. The experiment was conducted in March 1979, in a randomized complete block with 4 x 2 factorial arrangement, eight treatments and four replications. The treatments included the evaporation factors 0.4, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.3 for both cultivars. At the and of the growth cycle, yields of cured bulbs were classified, and from the data gathered it was concluded that: a. evaporation factor 1.0 gave the highest production of class Extra and Large bulbs and the lowest production of Medium and Small size bulbs for 'Juréia", while "Gigante de Lavínia" gave a linear response to an increase in the evaporation factor, 0.4 being the most efficient in water use; for "Juréia", there was a small difference between this and factor 1.0. b. although "Gigante de Lavínia" was severely rusted, it showed higher yields. with larger bulbs and no tillering. c. with "Juréia", there was a significant positive correlation between soil moisture and tillering. d. "Gigante de Lavínia" was more demanding in relation to soil moisture; the application of more water resulted in an increase in 2% in production of bulbs of the "Extra" an "Large" classes, while "Juréia" yield was decreased by 17.3%