The Eriophyoidea of South Dakota

This paper presents the results of the taxonomic investigation of the Eriophyoidea in South Dakota. Information is given on the morphology, discussion of variation within a population, distribution, damage in host plants, economic importance and techniques of collecting and preparing specimens. There are 42 previously described species included in this study. Of the 48 species studied, six are new. Species described are: Aculops maximilianae, Diptacus pengsonae, Eriophyes arceosae, Eriophyes taylori, Tegonotus lindenus, and Tetra mcdanieli

Remoción de la turbidez presente en el río Utcubamba de la localidad de Pedro Ruiz Gallo-Amazonas mediante el coagulante natural elaborado de la penca de Hylocereus Megalanthus (pitahaya amarilla) en el año 2023

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo remover la turbidez presente en el río Utcubamba mediante el coagulante natural elaborado de la penca de Hylocereus Megalanthus. Se empleó un diseño experimental factorial que permitió definir la distribución de tratamientos dando un total de 4 ensayos, en relación con los 4 niveles de dosis aplicadas durante el experimento, los cuales son: 75mg/L, 90mg/L, 105mg/L y 120mg/L. Se determinó desarrollar el experimento por triplicado dando un total de 12 ensayos, para lo cual se empleó 4.8L de muestra de agua de río, la preparación de la disolución del coagulante se elaboró a una concentración de 0.5% empleando 2.5g de polvo de la penca de Hylocereus Megalanthus. Para la simulación del proceso de coagulación-floculación, se usó un floculador portátil modelo FP4 de la marca VELP, finalmente se recogió el sobrenadante en un volumen de 40mL, para evaluar la turbidez y los parámetros de medición considerados como complemento. El mejor resultado para remover la turbidez fue usando la dosis de 75mg/L, con una eficiencia de remoción de turbidez de 63.46%

Evaluacion de la efectividad de un desinfectante en base a hipoclorito de sodio en el control erradicante de moho gris (Botrytis cinerea) en frambuesos

37 p.Los frutos del frambueso son susceptibles al ataque de distintos patógenos, los que pueden disminuir los rendimientos tanto en precosecha, como también ocasionar problemas en frutos almacenados. Uno de estos es el hongo Botrytis cinerea causante de la pudrición gris, uno de los mas problemáticos en este cultivo. El uso de desinfectantes, como los hipocloritos, constituye una alternativa a los fungicidas tradicionales, ya sea, por su menor precio o por sus cortos periodos de carencia. En este trabajo se probó la eficacia de un nuevo producto, en base a hipoclorito de sodio, en el control de pudrición gris. El ensayo se realizó en un huerto de frambuesos de la variedad Heritage, en la comuna de Río Claro. Se usó un diseño de bloque al azar con 4 bloques por tratamientos. Los tratamientos fueron 3: T1= producto en base a hipoclorito de sodio; T2= producto de uso tradicional (cyprodinil + fludioxinil) y T3= testigo sin aplicación. La aplicación de los tratamientos se realizó post-inoculación de B. cinerea, esta se llevo a cabo al estado fenologico de caída de pétalo, el día 23 de octubre. La unidad experimental estuvo constituida por 2 metros de espaldera considerando solo la cara poniente. Se cosechó al estado de fruto maduro, aproximadamente 200 frutos por tratamientos, y a estos se les midió incidencia una vez cosechados y luego de un almacenaje de 7 días a 4ºC. Los resultados de las evaluaciones en cosecha, no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos, obteniéndose bajos promedios de incidencia, T1= 7,6%; T2= 13,0%; T3= 14,2%. En las mediciones de poscosecha, la incidencia de los tratamientos 1 y 2, fue significativamente menor (P ≤ 0,05), que para el tratamiento 3. Sin embargo, los valores promedios estuvieron sobre el 70%, T1= 73,9%; T2= 74,2% y T3= 94,1%. Los valores obtenidos nos muestran la poca efectividad que tuvo el tratamiento en estudio, la cual quedó más evidenciada en poscosecha, debido a que en precosecha el ataque del hongo fue frenado por las condiciones climáticas de la zona, más que por un buen desempeño del producto. Por lo tanto, en las condiciones en las que se desarrolló este ensayo, un desinfectante en base a hipoclorito no es una alternativa eficiente en el control erradicante de pudrición gris./ ABSTRACT: Raspberry fruits are susceptible to the infection of different pathogens, which can reduce the yield in pre-harvest, and also cause problems in stored fruit. One of these micro organism is the fungus Botrytis cinerea the causal agent of gray mold,one of the most serious pathological problem in this crop. The use of disinfectants such as hypochlorite could be an alternative to traditional fungicides, considering its lowest price. In this work we tested the efficacy of a new product based on sodium hypochlorite, in the gray mold control. The experiment was conducted in a raspberry field cv. Heritage located in Rio Claro, Talca. The treatments were ordered in a randomized block design with 4 blocks. The treatments evaluated were: T1 = fungicide based on sodium hypochlorite, T2 = traditional fungicide (cyprodinil + fludioxinil) and T3 = control without application. The products were applied post-inoculation of B. cinerea, at october 23. The experimental unit consisted on 2 meters of a raspberry plant row considering only the west side. At harvest, approximately 200 fruits per experimental unit were collected, and the fruit incidence of gray mold was measured just before storage, and after 7 days storage at 4°C. The results obtained at harvest, showed no significant differences between treatments, with low incidence average for all the treatments, T1= 7,6%; T2= 13,04%; T3= 14,19%. On measurements of postharvest, the incidence of treatments 1 and 2 was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than for treatment 3. However, after storage the incidence increase above 70% with mean values of, T1= 73,91%; T2= 74,27% y T3= 94,07%. These values show the ineffectiveness of the products under study to control B. cinerea. Even though in the field the fungus did not have the environmental conditions to infect the fruits at high level, in storage, because of the high humidity the incidence levels increase significantly. Therefore, under the conditions of this experiment, a disinfectant based on hypochlorite is not an efficient alternative to control gray mold

Evaluacion de la efectividad de un producto en base a ácidos carboxílicos y Cu, en el control del hongo Erysiphe cichoracearum, en melon.

39 p.Con el fin de evaluar un fungicida de uso tradicional en producción orgánica, Sulfato de Cobre pentahidratado (Phyton) y un producto en base a ácidos carboxílicos y cu, en el control preventivo de oìdio ( Erysiphe cichoracearum) en melón cv. Hales Best jumbo. Se llevo a cabo un ensayo, en la estación experimental Panguilemo, perteneciente a la Universidad de Talca. Este se ordeno en diseño experimental de bloques al azar, con ocho tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones cada uno. Cada unidad experimental const ó de 15 plantas, las cuales fueron asperjadas cuando alcanzaron el 10% de floración, con Àc. Carboxílicos - Cu en dosis de 0.75 cc/l - 1.0 cc/l - 1.5 cc/l, aplicadas cada 10 días, y las mismas dosis aplicadas cada 20 días respectivamente. Tambi én se incluyo un tratamiento aplicado cada 10 días de Sulfato de Cobre Pentahidratado en dosis de 1.5 cc/l, más un testigo sin aplicación. Las evaluaciones correspondieron a rendimiento (Kg/m2), número de frutos ( frutos/m2), incidencia y severidad de E. cichoracearum, en cada tratamiento. las diferencias entre tratamientos de rendimiento y n úmero de frutos por m2 , fueron no significativos, no existiendo u correlación entre los productos aplicados y ambas variables. En cuanto a incidencia de la enfermedad, esta fue en las plantas del testigo al momento de la cosecha de un 63%, con una severidad que alcanzo en algunos casos a comprometer el 75% del área foliar de las plantas. Con los tratamientos de Àc. Carboxílicos - Cu, en dosis de 1.0 cc/l - 1.5 cc/l, aplicados cada 10 días se logro la menor incidencia del hongo fitopatogeno E. cichoracearum, difiriendo estadísticamente estos tratamientos con respecto al testigo sin aplicación y el con aplicación de sulfato de cobre pentahidratado, este último fue estadísticamente similar al testigo. En cuanto a la severidad de E. cichoracearum, nuevamente los mejores resultados correspondieron a aquellos tratamientos en los cuales se aplico Àc. carboxílicos - Cu cada 10 días. Sin embargo no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre estos valores y los obtenidos por los tratamientos correspondientes al mismo producto, aplicado cada 20 días en las mismas dosis. Estos si difirieron de sulfato de cobre pentahidratado en dosis de 1.5 cc/l , aplicado cada 10 días y del testigo sin aplicaci ón. Por otro lado sulfato de cobre pentahidratado, n

Dietary fat intake and risk of disabling hearing impairment: a prospective population-based cohort study

Purpose: To examine the associations of specific dietary fats with the risk of disabling hearing impairment in the UK Biobank study. Methods: This cohort study investigated 105,592 participants (47,308 men and 58,284 women) aged ≥ 40 years. Participants completed a minimum of one valid 24-h recall (Oxford Web-Q). Dietary intake of total fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was assessed at baseline. Functional auditory capacity was measured with a digit triplet test (DTT), and disabling hearing impairment was defined as a speech reception threshold in noise > − 3.5 dB in any physical exam performed during the follow-up. Results: Over a median follow-up of 3.2 (SD: 2.1) years, 832 men and 872 women developed disabling hearing impairment. After adjustment for potential confounders, including lifestyles, exposure to high-intensity sounds, ototoxic medication and comorbidity, the hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence interval (CI) of disabling hearing function, comparing extreme quintiles of intakes were 0.91 (0.71–1.17) for total fat, 1.09 (0.83–1.44) for PUFA, 0.85 (0.64–1.13) for SFA and 1.01 (0.74–1.36) for MUFA among men. Among women, HRs comparing extreme intakes were 0.98 (0.78–1.24) for total fat, 0.69 (0.53–0.91) for PUFA, 1.26 (0.96–1.65) for SFA, and 0.91 (0.68–1.23) for MUFA. Replacing 5% of energy intake from SFA with an equivalent energy from PUFA was associated with 25% risk reduction (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.74–0.77) among women. Conclusions: PUFA intake was associated with decreased risk of disabling hearing function in women, but not in menUK Biobank was established by the Wellcome Trust medical charity, Medical Research Council, Department of Health, Scottish Government and the Northwest Regional Development Agency. It has also had funding from the Welsh Government, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, and Diabetes UK. This work was supported by FIS grants 19/319 and 20/1040, (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, State Secretary of R + D + I and FEDER/FSE

Evaluacion de antibioticos, productos cupricos y un controlador biologico en el control preventivo de pseudomonas sp. en Leucadendron cv. Safari Sunset.

33 p.Recientemente se ha identificado en Chile a Pseudomonas syringae como agente causal de manchas foliares en especies de flores de corte pertenecientes a la familia de las Proteáceas. Esta patología perjudica considerablemente la comercialización y exportación de éstas, ya que afecta la estética de las flores y el follaje e induce al rechazo en los puntos de inspección cuarentenaria en los países importadores. En este estudio se evaluó el efecto de cuatro alternativas de control preventivo de esta bacteria fitopatógena en Leucadendron cv. Safari Sunset. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron Sulfato de Estreptomicina más clorhidrato de oxitetraciclina, Sulfato de cobre pentahidratado, óxido cuproso y Bacillus subtilis. La variable evaluada fue el porcentaje de incidencia de la enfermedad a los 14, 28 y 42 días después de inoculación (DDI). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el ingrediente activo Sulfato de Estreptomicina más clorhidrato de oxitetraciclina en dosis comercial, corresponde al mejor tratamiento, no superando en éste el 40% de incidencia de la enfermedad a los 42 días después de inoculación (DDI)

Income, consumption, and poverty measurement in the Philippines

The official poverty methodology of the Philippines uses pretax income as a measure of household welfare. A household is deemed poor if its pretax income falls below a minimum income sufficient to buy the household’s basic needs. However, several studies suggest that a more appropriate welfare measure for poverty estimation is one that includes only resources available for a household’s own consumption of goods and services. This means taxes, social security expenditures, and gifts or expenses for other households must be excluded from the welfare aggregate. Additionally, arguments towards using consumption as a better measure of welfare in poverty estimation also persist. In this study, we explore two welfare aggregates, disposable income, and basic consumption, and assess how well these alternative measures identify the disadvantaged households compared to when pretax income is used. Using the 2018 Family Income and Expenditure Survey, our results show that while disposable income is no better than pretax income in identifying deprived households, a consumption-based measure is preferable to an income-based measure in identifying the disadvantaged. Results are robust even when the welfare measures are adjusted to account for economies of scale in the household

The BIDIAP index: a clinical, analytical and ultrasonographic score for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children

Background: Pediatric acute appendicitis (PAA) continues to be a diagnostic challenge today. The diagnostic performance of classical indices is only moderate, especially in pediatric population. This study aimed to define a clinical, radiological and analytical index for the diagnosis of PAA. Materials and methods: This prospective study included 151 patients divided into two groups: (1) 53 patients with non-surgical abdominal pain (NSAP) and (2) 98 patients with a confirmed PAA. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Fisher exact test. To identify the predictors of PAA, we performed a multivariable logistic regression using a forward stepwise analysis and we assigned multiples of integer values to the selected variables. The diagnostic performance of the index was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Intra-cohort calibration was assessed with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results: We developed the BIDIAP index (BIomarkers for the DIagnosis of Appendicitis in Pediatrics), which included three variables that independently predicted higher odds of PAA: appendiceal caliber (≥ 6.9 mm), systemic immune-inflammation index (≥ 890) and peritoneal irritation, which scored 4, 3 and 2 points, respectively. Mean (SD) score of the participants was 2.38 (2.06) in group 1 and 7.89 (1.50) in group 2. The area under the ROC was 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.99). The cut-off point was established at 4 points, resulting in a sensitivity of 98.98% and a specificity of 77.78%. Conclusions: The BIDIAP index has an exceptional diagnostic performance in PAA. The importance of these results lies in its novelty and in the simplicity of the index. Although external validation will be necessary, initial results look promising

Association between speech reception threshold in noise and multimorbidity: The UK Biobank Study

Objective. To investigate the association between hearing function, as approached with the functional auditory capacity, and multimorbidity. Study Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. The UK Biobank was established from 2006 to 2010 in the United Kingdom. This cross-sectional analysis included 165,524 participants who provided baseline information on hearing function. Methods. Functional auditory capacity was measured with a digit triplet test. Three categories were defined according to the speech reception threshold in noise (SRTn): normal (SRTn < −5.5 dB signal-to-noise ratio [SNR]), insufficient (SRTn ≥ −5.5 to ≤ −3.5 dB SNR) and poor hearing function (SRTn > −3.5 dB SNR). To define multimorbidity, 9 chronic diseases were considered, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, Parkinson's disease, stroke, cancer, depression, osteoarthritis, coronary heart disease, and diabetes; multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of 2 or more in the same individual. Analyses were conducted using logistic models adjusted for relevant confounders. Results. Among the study participants, 54.5% were women, and the mean (range) age was 56.7 (39-72) years. The prevalence of insufficient and poor hearing function and multimorbidity was 13% and 13.2%, respectively. In comparison with having a normal SRTn, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of multimorbidity associated with insufficient SRTn was 1.13 (1.08- 1.18), and with poor SRTn was 1.25 (1.14-1.37). Conclusion. Insufficient and poor hearing function was associated with multimorbidity. This association suggests common biological pathways for many of the considered morbiditiesThis work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the FIS project 20/01040 (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, State Secretary of R + D + I), and co‐funded by a European Regional Development Fund, “A way of shaping Europe.” Ellen A. Struijk holds a Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC‐ 2021‐031146‐I) from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and FEDER/FS

Versatile Graphene-Based Platform for Robust Nanobiohybrid Interfaces

Technologically useful and robust graphene-based interfaces for devices require the introduction of highly selective, stable, and covalently bonded functionalities on the graphene surface, whilst essentially retaining the electronic properties of the pristine layer. This work demonstrates that highly controlled, ultrahigh vacuum covalent chemical functionalization of graphene sheets with a thiol-terminated molecule provides a robust and tunable platform for the development of hybrid nanostructures in different environments. We employ this facile strategy to covalently couple two representative systems of broad interest: metal nanoparticles, via S-metal bonds, and thiol-modified DNA aptamers, via disulfide bridges. Both systems, which have been characterized by a multi-technique approach, remain firmly anchored to the graphene surface even after several washing cycles. Atomic force microscopy images demonstrate that the conjugated aptamer retains the functionality required to recognize a target protein. This methodology opens a new route to the integration of high-quality graphene layers into diverse technological platforms, including plasmonics, optoelectronics, or biosensing. With respect to the latter, the viability of a thiol-functionalized chemical vapor deposition graphene-based solution-gated field-effect transistor array was assessed