Evaluación de cuatro fungicidas en el control de enfermedades del cultivo de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris) y su rendimiento en época de postrera en El Cerro el Calvario, Matagalpa, 2013

La investigación se llevó a cabo en la finca San Antonio, comunidad El Calvario propiedad del señor Julio Castillo, ubicada a 5 km de la ciudad de Matagalpa. Se evaluó el efecto que tienen cuatro fungicidas en el control de enfermedades y rendimiento del frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris) en época de postrera, año 2013; las variables evaluadas fueron altura de planta (cm), enfermedades (incidencia) y rendimiento (en kg/ha) en el cultivo del frijol variedad Chile Rojo # 1. La investigación es de carácter experimental, con un diseño de BCA, donde se establecieron cinco tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones separados por 1 metro entre bloque, el área total del ensayo fue 690 m2. Los datos provenientes del experimento se procesaron utilizando análisis de varianza ANDEVA, considerando además la prueba de rangos múltiples de Duncan, mediante el programa estadístico SPSS versión 19. Los resultados obtenidos en cuanto a la variable altura ostentó los mayores promedios con el tratamiento Amistar 50, así como la fórmula Phyton 24 SC causó efecto en el control de mancha angular, enfermedad que se presentó en la etapa R8 (llenado de vainas); y por consiguiente su efecto en el rendimiento del frijol; los tratamientos que causaron un menor efecto fueron Funbact 24 SL en la variable altura y el Testigo absoluto no causó efecto alguno en el control de mancha angula

An Evaluation of the Genetic Variation Within Selected Populations of Vaejovis Coahuilae Williams 1968 Using Mitochondrial Dna Analyses

The species Vaejovis coahuilae Williams 1968 is the second most common scorpion species in New Mexico and Texas. This species is a generalist that can inhabit a wide array of habitats. Based on the reported range of this species, we predicted that it originated in northern Mexico and spread north through Texas and New Mexico. The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of the historical dispersal pattern of the species V. coahuilae from Texas through New Mexico. A molecular approach was utilized to discover deeper relationships among populations of this species. Two partial sequences from the mitochondrial genome including the 16S rDNA and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene are used to make a molecular comparison between populations. Isolated PCR products were sequenced using the LI-COR Global Edition IR2 DNA analyzer or at the DNA Core Facility at Cornell University using the Applied Biosystems Automated 3730 DNA analyzer. Three closely relates species were used as outgroups for sequence comparison. All sequences (39 total) were aligned using the BioEdit program to produce the finished products including a partial (360 bp) sequence of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA and a partial sequence (696 bp) of the COI gene. These two sequences were appended to produce a 1046 bp sequence that was also used to evaluate the dispersal pattern of V. coahuilae. These three data sets were analyzed separately using PAUP 4.0. One of the equally parsimonious trees was chosen for each data set to compute a 50% majority rule consensus tree and the topology was evaluated with 1,000 bootstrap replicates. Analysis of the 16S rDNA was mostly inconclusive producing a large polytomy but three populations from BBNP each fell out together and the populations from Albuquerque, San Antonio and one specimen from Deming grouped as a monophyletic subgroup. However, the arrangement of the tree suggests that all populations are equally related. Analysis of the COI gene was slightly more informative than the 16S rDNA analysis suggesting some geographically local populations to be more closely related to each other than to other populations. A large branch contains a polytomy with four branches; one of which contains one individual from GMNP and two individuals from the Roswell population; the other three branches contain individuals from BBNP. Outside of this polytomy are two branches containing a specimen from GMNP. The topology of both the COI/16s rDNA combined sequence data tree suggests possibly a high elevation specimen from GMNP (G3) has a more recently experienced gene flow with other populations. The branching pattern of the tree produced from the COI sequence data suggests the other specimen from GMNP collected at a much lower elevation on the eastern side of the mountain range has more recently experienced gene flow with populations in Roswell. In the topology of the COI tree and the combined sequence data tree the Albuquerque population appears more genetically related to populations from BBNP which represents the most northern and southern reaches of the sampled range. This suggests an accessible route for gene flow between the populations

Fostering Resilience in Adolescents at Risk: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial within the resilience school-based intervention

Adolescents; Resilience, Psychological; Mental health educationAdolescentes; Resiliencia Psicológica; Educación en salud mentalAdolescents; Resiliència Psicològica; Educació en salut mentalIntroduction: Resilience is considered of high relevance when developing interventions to cope with stressful situations. Schools are one of the key settings to promote resilience among adolescents. The purpose of this cluster randomized controlled trial is to assess the effectiveness of an intervention in adolescents at risk, aged 12-to-15 years old, to increase resilience and emotional regulation strategies. Methods: The recruitment period started in January 2022. Schools will be randomly allocated to control and intervention groups by an external researcher using computer-generated random numbers. The minimum sample size was estimated to be 70 participants per group. Primary health care nurses will carry out the intervention during the school period (January to June 2022). Students will follow a specific training consisting of six 55-min sessions, for 6 weeks. Each session will consist of 5 min of mindfulness, followed by 45 min of the corresponding activity: introducing resilience, self-esteem, emotional regulation strategies, social skills, problem-solving, community resources, social and peer support, and 5 min to explain the activity to do at home. Data will be collected at baseline, 6 weeks, and 24 weeks after the intervention. The child youth resilience measure-32 (CYRM-32) scale will be used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. This study received a grant in June 2021. Discussion: The intervention is intended to improve mental health through resilience. Different factors related to resilience will be promoted, such as self-esteem, emotional regulation, social and communication skills, problem-solving and peer support, among others. As it has been designed as a cluster-randomized school-based intervention, we will directly ameliorate the participation and engagement of the target population. With the present intervention, we expect to improve coping skills in adolescents by enhancing resilience capacities

Trichoderma strains isolated from Ilex paraguariensis ST. HIL: promising biocontrol agents with chitinolytic activity and plant growth promoter on Lycopersicum esculentum

Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hilaire (St. Hil) is an important crop in the north of Argentina, mainly cultivated in the Misiones province. Trichoderma genera are well known for their biological control and plant growth-promoting properties. The application of Ilex paraguariensis endophytes to improve crop production is an interesting alternative to the use of agrochemicals. To evaluate the capability of Trichoderma spp. endophytes, it was performed antagonism tests of Trichoderma spp. against phytopathogenic fungi associated with these crops using dual culture assay. It was also evaluated the chitinase production of these strains using a colorimetric Somogyi-Nelson method to determine biocontrol capability of these endophytes. Moreover, the capability of plant growth promotion on tomato seeds was evaluated. We observed that Trichoderma was capable to invade and reduce phytopathogen growth and particularly three strains produced chitinase and induced growth promotion on Lycopersicum esculentum seeds.Fil: Lopez, Ana Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Alvarenga, Adriana Elizabet. Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Vereschuk, Manuela Lizz. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Barua, Ramona Celeste. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Zapata, Pedro Dario. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Luna, Maria Flavia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; ArgentinaFil: Villalba, Laura Lidia. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; Argentin

Major Depressive Disorder is Associated with Impaired Mitochondrial Function in Skin Fibroblasts

Mitochondrial malfunction is supposed to be involved in the etiology and pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we aimed to identify and characterize the molecular pathomechanisms related to mitochondrial dysfunction in adult human skin fibroblasts, which were derived from MDD patients or non-depressive control subjects. We found that MDD fibroblasts showed significantly impaired mitochondrial functioning: basal and maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, non-mitochondrial respiration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-related oxygen consumption was lower. Moreover, MDD fibroblasts harbor lower ATP levels and showed hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. To investigate cellular resilience, we challenged both groups of fibroblasts with hormonal (dexamethasone) or metabolic (galactose) stress for one week, and found that both stressors increased oxygen consumption but lowered ATP content in MDD as well as in non-depressive control fibroblasts. Interestingly, the bioenergetic differences between fibroblasts from MDD or non-depressed subjects, which were observed under non-treated conditions, could not be detected after stress. Our findings support the hypothesis that altered mitochondrial function causes a bioenergetic imbalance, which is associated with the molecular pathophysiology of MDD. The observed alterations in the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) and other mitochondria-related properties represent a basis for further investigations of pathophysiological mechanisms and might open new ways to gain insight into antidepressant signaling pathways

Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Other Signs of Tobacco Consumption at Outdoor Entrances of Primary Schools in Eleven European Countries

Introduction: Although smoking restrictions at child-related settings are progressively being adopted, school out-door entrances are neglected in most smoke-free policies across Europe. Objectives:To describe secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and tobacco-related signs in outdoor entrances of primary schools in Europe according to area-level socioeconomic status (SES), smoke-free policy, national smoking prevalence, and geographical region. Methods:In this cross-sectional study we monitored vapor-phase nicotine concentrations at 220 school outdoor entrances in 11 European countries (March 2017–October 2018). To account for nicotine presence, we used the laboratory\u27s limit of quantification of 0.06μg/m3as point threshold. We also recorded the presence of smell of smoke, people smoking, cigarette butts, and ashtrays. Half of the schools were in deprived areas. We grouped countries according to their Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) score, smoking prevalence (2017–2018), and United Na-tions M49 geographical region. Results:There were detectable levels of nicotine in 45.9% of the outdoor entrances, in 29.1% smell of smoke, in43.2% people smoking, in 75.0% discarded butts, and in 14.6% ashtrays. Median nicotine concentration was below the laboratory\u27s limit of quantificationb0.06μg/m3(Interquartile range:b0.06–0.119). We found higher SHS levels in countries with lower TCS scores, higher national smoking prevalence, and in the Southern and East-ern European regions. People smoking were more common in schools from lower area-level SES and in countries with lower TCS scores (pb0.05). Conclusions: Smoking at school outdoor entrances is a source of SHS exposure in Europe. These findings support the extension of smoking bans with a clear perimeter to the outdoor entrances of schools

Structural Modification of Bentonites by Intercalation of Aluminum Polyhydroxicationes

Mediante un proceso de intercalación seguido de radiación por microondas, se realizó la modificación estructural de una bentonita de calidad enológica. A partir de técnicas complementarias de caracterización se demostró que el proceso depilarización induce cambios estructurales, modificando la distribución de tamaño de las partículas y su estabilidad térmica. En tal sentido a través de microscopía electrónica de barrido, se observó que las bentonitas modificadas presentaron una mayor porosidad con la presencia de cavidades y poros de mayor tamaño. A partir de ensayos dedifracción laser, se observaron incrementos en el tamaño promedio final de las partículas luego del proceso depilarización. Por otra parte, mediante difracción de rayos X, se corroboró el desplazamiento del plano basal (001) hacia ángulos menores y se observó incrementos en el espaciado interlaminar de las láminas de la bentonita modificada.Finalmente, por análisis termogravimétrico, se corroboró la formación de pilares a través de la observación de nuevas etapas de degradación, presentes en las bentonitas pilarizadas.Through a process of intercalation followed by microwave radiation, the structural modification of an oenological quality bentonite was performed. From complementary characterization techniques it was shown that the pillarization process induces structural changes, modifying the particle size distribution and its thermal stability. In this sense, through scanning electron microscopy, it was observed that the modified bentonites presented a greater porosity with the presence of larger pockets and pores. From laser diffraction tests, increases in the final average particle size were observed after the pillarization process. On the other hand, by X-ray diffraction, the displacement of the basal plane (001) towards smaller angles was corroborated and increases in the interlaminar spacing of the modified bentonite sheets were observed. Finally, by thermogravimetric analysis, the formation of pillars was corroborated through the observation of new stages of degradation, present in pillarized bentonites.Fil: Di Santo, Rogelio Oscar. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; ArgentinaFil: Lucero, Laura Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; ArgentinaFil: Carbajal Ramos, Irene. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; ArgentinaFil: Debernardi, Marina. Pan American Energy S.L.; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Olivia Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, Gisela Alejandra Ramona. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; ArgentinaFil: Ninago, Mario Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; Argentin

Structural Modification of Bentonites by Intercalation of Aluminum Polyhydroxicationes

Mediante un proceso de intercalación seguido de radiación por microondas, se realizó la modificación estructural de una bentonita de calidad enológica. A partir de técnicas complementarias de caracterización se demostró que el proceso depilarización induce cambios estructurales, modificando la distribución de tamaño de las partículas y su estabilidad térmica. En tal sentido a través de microscopía electrónica de barrido, se observó que las bentonitas modificadas presentaron una mayor porosidad con la presencia de cavidades y poros de mayor tamaño. A partir de ensayos dedifracción laser, se observaron incrementos en el tamaño promedio final de las partículas luego del proceso depilarización. Por otra parte, mediante difracción de rayos X, se corroboró el desplazamiento del plano basal (001) hacia ángulos menores y se observó incrementos en el espaciado interlaminar de las láminas de la bentonita modificada.Finalmente, por análisis termogravimétrico, se corroboró la formación de pilares a través de la observación de nuevas etapas de degradación, presentes en las bentonitas pilarizadas.Through a process of intercalation followed by microwave radiation, the structural modification of an oenological quality bentonite was performed. From complementary characterization techniques it was shown that the pillarization process induces structural changes, modifying the particle size distribution and its thermal stability. In this sense, through scanning electron microscopy, it was observed that the modified bentonites presented a greater porosity with the presence of larger pockets and pores. From laser diffraction tests, increases in the final average particle size were observed after the pillarization process. On the other hand, by X-ray diffraction, the displacement of the basal plane (001) towards smaller angles was corroborated and increases in the interlaminar spacing of the modified bentonite sheets were observed. Finally, by thermogravimetric analysis, the formation of pillars was corroborated through the observation of new stages of degradation, present in pillarized bentonites.Fil: Di Santo, Rogelio Oscar. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; ArgentinaFil: Lucero, Laura Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; ArgentinaFil: Carbajal Ramos, Irene. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; ArgentinaFil: Debernardi, Marina. Pan American Energy S.L.; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Olivia Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, Gisela Alejandra Ramona. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; ArgentinaFil: Ninago, Mario Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; Argentin

Effects of genetic variants in the TSPO gene on protein structure and stability

The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is an evolutionary conserved cholesterol binding protein localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Expression of TSPO is upregulated in activated microglia in various neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, and neoplastic disorders. Therefore, TSPO radioligands are used as biomarkers in positron emission tomography (PET) studies. In particular, a common A147T polymorphism in the TSPO gene affects binding of several high affinity TSPO radioligands. Given the relevance of TSPO as a diagnostic biomarker in disease processes, we systematically searched for mutations in the human TSPO gene by a wide array of evolution and structure based bioinformatics tools and identified potentially deleterious missense mutations. The two most frequently observed missense mutations A147T and R162H were further analysed in structural models of human wildtype and mutant TSPO proteins. The effects of missense mutations were studied on the atomic level using molecular dynamics simulations. To analyse putative effects of A147T and R162H variants on protein stability we established primary dermal fibroblast cultures from wt and homozygous A147T and R162H donors. Stability of endogenous TSPO protein, which is abundantly expressed in fibroblasts, was studied using cycloheximide protein degradation assay. Our data show that the A147T mutation significantly alters the flexibility and stability of the mutant protein. Furthermore both A147T and R162H mutations decreased the half-life of the mutant proteins by about 25 percent, which could in part explain its effect on reduced pregnenolone production and susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders. The present study is the first comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of genetic variants in the TSPO gene, thereby extending the knowledge about the clinical relevance of TSPO nsSNPs

Evaluación de rolados sin prescripciones mediante el "Índice de condición forestal” en la Región Chaqueña = Assessment of rolled chopped areas without prescriptions with the “Index of forest condition”, Chaco region

El “rolado” es una perturbación mecánica utilizada en la región Chaqueña para desarrollar sistemas silvopastoriles. Aplicada sin prescripciones técnicas, es criticada por no ser selectiva, simplificando la vegetación leñosa y desbalanceando algunos procesos ecológicos. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: (a) explorar el potencial del Índice de Condición Forestal (ICF) de Tucker, modificado, para evaluar grado de impacto y (b) analizar el comportamiento del ICF en 2 comunidades roladas sin prescripciones técnicas en Santiago del Estero con Schinopsis lorentzii (Griseb.) Engl. y Aspidosperma quebracho blanco Schltdl como especies dominantes. El ICF es la suma de 5 fracciones, cuyos numeradores son: (i) área basal total (AB, m2*ha-1); (ii) diámetro promedio a la altura del pecho (Dap, cm), (iii) porcentaje de individuos con Dap < 25 cm; (iv) frecuencia de S. lorentzii (%) y (v) frecuencia de A. quebracho blanco (%), respectivamente. Como denominadores se usaron los mismos atributos observados en: (a) comunidad de referencia; (b) comunidad bajo estudio, antes de la perturbación, y (c) solo en el caso de AB, magnitud en (b) multiplicada por un factor = 0,70, ya que legalmente solo se puede aprovechar el 30 % de AB inicial. Si el ICF ≈ 5 la degradación es nula; si ICF ≈ 0, la degradación es máxima. La magnitud del ICF en las áreas roladas varió entre 4 y 5. Se considera que el ICF es apto para describir los cambios producidos por el rolado, a pesar de algunas limitaciones mejorables. Su ventaja sería la de fácil recopilación de datos para su determinación (extraible de inventarios y análisis de la vegetación). Las magnitudes observadas del ICF sugieren que el rolado no sería ‘degradante’ de la vegetación nativa leñosa bajo las condiciones de estudio.Roller-chopping is a mechanical disturbance widely used in the Chaco region for developing silvopastoral systems. When applied without appropriate prescriptions, it is viewed with distrust because it is not selective, and may simplify the woody vegetation, unbalancing some ecological processes. The aims of this research were: (a) to explore the possibilities of the Tucker´s Index of Forest Condition (IFC), locally adapted, for assessing degree of degradation, and (b) analyze the behavior of the ICF in two woody communities of Schinopsis lorentzii (Griseb.) Engl. And Aspidosperma quebracho blanco Schltdl as dominant species, where roller-chopping was executed without technical prescriptions. The IFC is the sum of five fractions, whose numerators are: (i) total basal area (BA, m2*ha-1),(ii) mean diameter at breast height (DBH, cm), (iii) percent of individuals below DBH = 25 cm, (iv) frequency of S. lorentzii (%) and (v) frequency of A. quebracho blanco (%), respectively . As denominators we used the same attributes, observed in: (a) reference community; (b) communities under study before the disturbance, and (c), the BA of (b) multiplied by a factor = 0,70, because legally only a 30 % of the current BA could be harvested. If IFC ≈ 5, degradation is nil; while if IFC ≈ 0, degradation is maximum. The IFC varied between 4 and 5. We considered that the IF is suitable for describing changes caused by disturbances, despite some limitations that could be improved. Its main advantage is that the information used could be gathered from vegetation inventories and analysis. The observed magnitudes of the IFC suggest that roller-chopping may not be ‘degrading’ of the woody communities under study.EEA Santiago del EsteroFil: Kunst, Carlos Roberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Coria, Ruben Dario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Bravo, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales. Cátedra de Botánica; ArgentinaFil: Ledesma, Roxana Ramona. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Juana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Barraza, Gabriela Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Godoy, Jose Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Navarrete, Victor Del Carmen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; Argentin