Cultural Democracy in Higher Education ¬Beyond the Deficit Model of Compensatory Education

Promoting cultural democracy in the teaching, service, and research missions of higher education is being advanced as a model to integrate and empower minorities to become agents of change

Influence of added whey protein isolate on probiotic properties of yogurt culture bacteria and yogurt characteristics

Consumers are becoming conscious of their diet, increasing protein intake and avoiding carbohydrates and fats. Whey proteins have branch chain amino acids responsible for muscle building. Whey protein isolate (WPI) contains more than 90% protein. The effect of incremental addition of WPI on probiotic characteristics of pure cultures and cultures in yogurt and yogurt characteristics are not known. The hypothesis was that “added” WPI will influence the characteristics of yogurt culture bacteria in pure form and in yogurt. The objectives were: to determine the influence of added WPI on (1) acid and bile tolerance, growth and protease activity of pure cultures Streptococcus thermophilus ST-M5 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB-12, (2) growth, acid and bile tolerance of starter culture from manufactured plain yogurt, (3) the physico-chemical characteristics of yogurt over its shelf life and (4) the sensory attributes of yogurt. WPI was used at 0, 1, 2 and 3% w/v. Acid tolerance was conducted on pure cultures and cultures from manufactured plain yogurt at 30 minutes intervals for 2 hours of incubation and bile tolerance at 1 hour intervals for 5 hours. Yogurt was manufactured using 0 (control), 1, 2 and 3% WPI. For sensory evaluation, blueberry yogurt was manufactured using the same WPI concentrations. Physico-chemical analyses of yogurts were conducted every 7 days during 35 days of storage. Enumeration of yogurt cultures during yogurt´s shelf life was evaluated at 7, 21 and 35 days of storage. Sensory evaluation was conducted on yogurt 7 days after its manufacture. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed model of SAS® 9.3 program and by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Proc GLM. Significant differences between means were analyzed at α = 0.05 using Tukey´s adjustment. Use of 2% WPI improved acid tolerance of Streptococcus thermophilus ST-M5 in yogurt. Use of 2 and 3% WPI improved bile tolerance of Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB-12 over the 5 hours of incubation. WPI decreased syneresis of yogurts and improved sensory attributes of flavored yogurt. Overall liking scores were higher for 1% WPI yogurts compared to control. Overall, 1 or 2% WPI can be recommended in manufacture of higher whey protein yogurts

The unrelaxed dynamical structure of the galaxy cluster Abell 85

For the first time, we explore the dynamics of the central region of a galaxy cluster within $r_{500}\sim 600h^{-1}$~kpc from its center by combining optical and X-ray spectroscopy. We use (1) the caustic technique that identifies the cluster substructures and their galaxy members with optical spectroscopic data, and (2) the X-ray redshift fitting procedure that estimates the redshift distribution of the intracluster medium (ICM). We use the spatial and redshift distributions of the galaxies and of the X-ray emitting gas to associate the optical substructures to the X-ray regions. When we apply this approach to Abell 85 (A85), a complex dynamical structure of A85 emerges from our analysis: a galaxy group, with redshift $z=0.0509 \pm 0.0021$ is passing through the cluster center along the line of sight dragging part of the ICM present in the cluster core; two additional groups, at redshift $z=0.0547 \pm 0.0022$ and $z=0.0570 \pm 0.0020$, are going through the cluster in opposite directions, almost perpendicularly to the line of sight, and have substantially perturbed the dynamics of the ICM. An additional group in the outskirts of A85, at redshift $z=0.0561 \pm 0.0023$, is associated to a secondary peak of the X-ray emission, at redshift $z=0.0583^{+0.0039}_{-0.0047}$. Although our analysis and results on A85 need to be confirmed by high-resolution spectroscopy, they demonstrate how our new approach can be a powerful tool to constrain the formation history of galaxy clusters by unveiling their central and surrounding structures.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted by Ap

Impact of biogenic very short-lived bromine on the Antarctic ozone hole during the 21st century

Active bromine released from the photochemical decomposition of biogenic very short-lived bromocarbons (VSL_Br ) enhances stratospheric ozone depletion. Based on a dual set of 1960-2100 coupled chemistry-climate simulations (i.e. with and without VSL Br ), we show that the maximum Antarctic ozone hole depletion increases by up to 14% when natural VSLBr are considered, in better agreement with ozone observations. The impact of the additional 5 pptv VSL Br on Antarctic ozone is most evident in the periphery of the ozone hole, producing an expansion of the ozone hole area of ~5 million km 2 , which is equivalent in magnitude to the recently estimated Antarctic ozone healing due to the implementation of the Montreal Protocol. We find that the inclusion of VSL Br in CAM-Chem does not introduce a significant delay of the modelled ozone return date to 1980 October levels, but instead affect the depth and duration of the simulated ozone hole. Our analysis further shows that total bromine-catalysed ozone destruction in the lower stratosphere surpasses that of chlorine by year 2070, and indicates that natural VSL Br chemistry would dominate Antarctic ozone seasonality before the end of the 21 st century. This work suggests a large influence of biogenic bromine on the future Antarctic ozone layer.Fil: Fernandez, Rafael Pedro. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; España. Universidad Tecnologica Nacional. Facultad Regional Mendoza. Secretaría de Ciencia, Tecnología y Postgrado; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Kinnison, Douglas E.. National Center For Atmospheric Research. Amospheric Chemistry División; Estados UnidosFil: Lamarque, Jean Francois. National Center For Atmospheric Research. Amospheric Chemistry División; Estados UnidosFil: Tilmes, Simone. National Center For Atmospheric Research. Amospheric Chemistry División; Estados UnidosFil: Saiz-lopez, Alfonso. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; Españ

Multiscaling properties on sequences of turbulent plumes images

A multifractal analysis on a finite-range-scale of the plume concentration images at different experimental conditions (the height of the source Ho), where the measure is the grey value of the image (from 0 to 255), was applied to study its structure through time. The multifractal spectrum showed the characteristic inverse U-shape and a similar evolution in all Ho. The variation of the Hölder exponent (¿a) presented different amplitudes at different moments and increased with time. The symmetry of the spectrum (¿f) decreased with time achieving negative values (from left hand asymmetry evolving to right asymmetry). We show the different behaviour of axial velocity (W) with ¿a and ¿f. There is a linear relation of entrainment coefficient (ae) and the entropy dimension (a1). Therefore, the multifractal spectrum and the derived parameters can be used as markers of plume evolution as well as to study the effect of experimental conditions.Postprint (published version

Consolidation of an EV Project Based Learning program integrated within a complete Bachelor Engineering Degree

Proyecto docente para el aprendizaje de competencias fundamentales de la ingeniería a través del aprendizaje basado en un proyecto multianual y multidisciplinar coordinado sobre las asignaturas troncales de este tipo de grados. Los resultados obtenidos son del tipo docente, funcionales y científicos que han permitido fabricar varios modelos de vehículos eléctricos ligeros con los que se ha acudido a competiciones internacionales.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

A negative feedback between anthropogenic ozone pollution and enhanced ocean emissions of iodine

Naturally emitted from the oceans, iodine compounds efficiently destroy atmospheric ozone and reduce its positive radiative forcing effects in the troposphere. Emissions of inorganic iodine have been experimentally shown to depend on the deposition to the oceans of tropospheric ozone, whose concentrations have significantly increased since 1850 as a result of human activities. A chemistry-climate model is used herein to quantify the current ocean emissions of inorganic iodine and assess the impact that the anthropogenic increase in tropospheric ozone has had on the natural cycle of iodine in the marine environment since pre-industrial times. Our results indicate that the human-driven enhancement of tropospheric ozone has doubled the oceanic inorganic iodine emissions following the reaction of ozone with iodide at the sea surface. The consequent build-up of atmospheric iodine, with maximum enhancements of up to 70% with respect to pre-industrial times in continental pollution outflow regions, has in turn accelerated the ozone chemical loss over the oceans with strong spatial patterns. We suggest that this ocean-atmosphere interaction represents a negative geochemical feedback loop by which current ocean emissions of iodine act as a natural buffer for ozone pollution and its radiative forcing in the global marine environment.Fil: Prados Roman, C.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; EspañaFil: Cuevas, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; EspañaFil: Fernandez, Rafael Pedro. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Kinnison, Douglas E.. National Center For Atmospheric Research. Amospheric Chemistry División; Estados UnidosFil: Lamarque, Jean Francoise. National Center For Atmospheric Research. Amospheric Chemistry División; Estados UnidosFil: Saiz-lopez, Alfonso. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; Españ

Impacto Ambiental derivado del uso del Metalaxil para Control del Tizón Tardío (Phytophthora infestans) en Cultivos Comerciales de Papa (Solanum tuberosum)

El presente trabajo demostró que el patrón de uso de fungicidas utilizados en el cultivo de la papa (Solanum tuberosum) para controlar Phytophthora infestans es insostenible, debido a que los costos de remoción de los excedentes de fungicidas aplicados rebasan las ganancias que se obtienen durante el tiempo de vida productiva de los sistemas que aplican dosis superiores a lo recomendado. Los cultivos comerciales de papa tratados con metalaxil tuvieron presencia de cepas homotálicas de Phytophthora infestans que fueron capaces de producir oosporas por sí mismas, estas son el inóculo inicial para las epidemias y representan el medio para la recombinación sexual. Se determinó que el homotalismo es una condición genética de propagación del Tizón Tardío; ya que los aislamientos homotálicos fueron capaces de producir descendencia homotálica a través de la producción de esporangios y zoosporas. La capacidad que presentan los aislamientos homotálicos de producir de manera asexual descendencia homotálica le permite al patógeno un rápido crecimiento de su población en el tejido de la planta, así como una rápida propagación de aislamientos homotálicos hacia plantas dentro de la misma parcela y parcelas vecinas. El presente trabajo demostró que el control químico debe ser sustituido como el principal método de control para P. infestans en cultivos comerciales de papa (Solanum tuberosum), no sólo por su deficiencia de control, sino por el riesgo que representa para la salud pública y su posible impacto en la biología de Phytophthora infestans

Water vapor emission from IRC+10216 and other carbon-rich stars: model predictions and prospects for multitransition observations

We have modeled the emission of H2O rotational lines from the extreme C-rich star IRC+10216. Our treatment of the excitation of H2O emissions takes into account the excitation of H2O both through collisions, and through the pumping of the nu2 and nu3 vibrational states by dust emission and subsequent decay to the ground state. Regardless of the spatial distribution of the water molecules, the H2O 1_{10}-1_{01} line at 557 GHz observed by the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS) is found to be pumped primarily through the absorption of dust-emitted photons at 6 $\mu$m in the nu2 band. As noted by previous authors, the inclusion of radiative pumping lowers the ortho-H2O abundance required to account for the 557 GHz emission, which is found to be (0.5-1)x10^{-7} if the presence of H2O is a consequence of vaporization of orbiting comets or Fischer-Tropsch catalysis. Predictions for other submillimeter H2O lines that can be observed by the Herschel Space Observatory (HSO) are reported. Multitransition HSO observations promise to reveal the spatial distribution of the circumstellar water vapor, discriminating among the several hypotheses that have been proposed for the origin of the H2O vapor in the envelope of IRC+10216. We also show that, for observations with HSO, the H2O 1_{10}-1_{01} 557 GHz line affords the greatest sensitivity in searching for H2O in other C-rich AGB stars.Comment: 35 pages, 12 figures, to be published in The Astrophysical Journa