Alimentación del delfín costero, Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae), en la bahía Norte al sur de Brasil

The stomach contents of 18 Guiana dolphins stranded or accidentally caught by fishing around Norte Bay of Santa Catarina Island between 1990 and 2006 were examined. The small population of Guiana dolphins studied showed a varied diet, and prey was caught disproportionately. The stomach contents of these dolphins consisted of 448 prey remains coming from 18 species and 10 families. Their diet primarily consisted of fish, but also shrimp and squid. The most important species were cutlass fish (Trichiurus lepturus) and white mouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri), which together comprised 75% of the total biomass. Although prey size ranged widely from 1.4 to 92.8 cm, a prevalence of prey smaller than 20 cm was observed. There was a predominance of prey living in moderate or large schools. The prey also had a wide vertical distribution in the water column. Our results support the opportunistic feeding habit of the Guiana dolphin, since its diverse diet was clearly guided by the availability and accessibility of resources in its habitat.Se estudiaron los contenidos del estómago de 18 delfines costeros capturados accidentalmente por redes de pesca o encontrados encallados alrededor de la bahía Norte de la isla de Santa Catarina entre 1990 y 2006. La composición de la dieta de los delfines fue variada, pero con predominio de algunas presas. Los contenidos estomacales consistieron en 448 restos de presas, que correspondieron a 18 especies y 10 familias. La mayoría de las presas fueron principalmente peces, pero también estuvieron representados cefalópodos y crustáceos. Las especies más importantes fueron el pez sable (Trichiurus lepturus) y la corvina rubia (Micropogonias furnieri), que juntos representaron un 75% de la biomasa total. Aunque el tamaño medio de las presas varió entre 1.4 y 92.8 cm, hubo una prevalencia de presas más pequeñas de 20 cm. Se observó un predominio de presas que viven agregadas en cardúmenes de mediano a gran tamaño y con amplia distribución vertical en la columna de agua. Nuestros resultados apoyan el hábito alimenticio oportunista de Sotalia guianensis, ya que su variada dieta está claramente guiada por la disponibilidad y accesibilidad de los recursos en su hábitat

Problemáticas da educação física II

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Vigilância na Gravidez: Estudo hospitalar 2003

O presente estudo pretende avaliar a repercussão do adequado seguimento da gravidez relativamente à sua evolução e à morbi-mortalidade do recém-nascid

Alterations in consumers behaviour on food purchase during Covid-19 pandemic

The present research aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the behavior of Portuguese consumers concerning the purchase of food. For this purpose, a quantitative study was performed, using a sample composed of 741 Portuguese consumers. The study was carried out between November 2020 and February 2021, a period during which the most severe measures of social isolation were imposed by the Portuguese government since the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020. The results show that during the pandemic, consumers changed their behavior patterns, specifically: in the frequency of shopping; the use of transport to carry out the purchases; the amount of the budget allocated for this purpose; and the channels used to purchase. Based on these results, managers and policy makers will be able to adjust or redefine their strategies to meet new consumer preferences, thus promoting individual well-being and business success. Our research is original as it is focused on the Portuguese context at a specific point in time motivated by the external factors that arose from the dissemination of the Covid-19 pandemic, consequently affecting consumers' behavior on food purchase. Furthermore, it adds value to the literature with new findings on consumer behavior change within a pandemic environment, and the application of practical assistance to market practitioners as well as advice to policy makers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Children with Type 1 Diabetes of Early Age at Onset - Immune and Metabolic Phenotypes

Objectives We aimed to evaluate children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with early age at onset (EAO) for clinical, immune and metabolic features in order to identify age-related disease phenotypes. Methods Comparative study of two groups of T1D children: EAO (≤5 years) and later age at onset (LAO; >5 years), regarding the presence of other autoimmune (AI) diseases, diabetes ketoacidosis and immunologic profile at onset and metabolic data 1 year after diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed with significance set for p < 0.05. Results The study included 137 children (EAO = 52, mean age 3.6 ± 1.5 [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] and LAO = 85, mean age 10.4 ± 2.9). EAO was more associated with concomitant AI diseases (p = 0.032). Despite no differences in disease onset, EAO presented with lower C-peptide levels (p = 0.01) and higher absolute lymphocyte number (p < 0.0001), with an inverse correlation between these two variables (p = 0.028). Additionally, the EAO group had a higher frequency of serum detection of three antibodies (Abs) (p = 0.0008), specifically insulin Abs (p = 0.0001). One year after diagnosis, EAO had higher total daily insulin (TDI) dose (p = 0.008), despite similar hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Conclusions Our data show an association of EAO T1D with more AI diseases, higher number of Abs, lower initial insulin reservoir and higher insulin requirements 1 year after diagnosis. In this group, immune imbalance seems more evident and disease progression faster, probably reflecting distinct "immune environment" with different ages at disease onset. Further studies in the field of immunogenetics and immune tolerance are required, to improve patient stratification and find novel targets for therapeutic intervention.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Animal Models of Acute Gastric Mucosal Injury: Macroscopic and Microscopic Evaluation

Acute gastric mucosal injury is a common disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and the search for new therapeutics is ongoing. The aim of this study is to update and expand the information related to the most widely used rat models of acute gastric ulcer, the ethanol-induced ulcer and the indomethacin-induced ulcer. These two models are compared in terms of macroscopic and microscopic features. Experimentally, ethanol was given orally in a single dose and indomethacin was subcutaneously injected into male Wistar rats. After ulcerative challenges, the stomachs were removed and visually inspected. Anti-ulcerative drugs were used to validate the models. Histological analysis of the stomachs determined the microscopic score. The methodology used for model evaluation applied to macroscopic and microscopic gastric lesions. With these methods it was possible to induce lesions in the gastric mucosa. Microscopic evaluation permitted assessment of the inflammatory and apoptotic impact in the mucosa not observable by macroscopic evaluation. Groups of animals were treated with two standard drugs: sulcralfate suspension or lansoprazole solution. Both drugs reduced macroscopic and microscopic lesions, particularly the hemorrhagic ones. Both models induced acute gastric mucosal injury and no single evaluation method can address all the aspects of the pathology of gastric lesions. As a complement to macroscopic evaluation, microscopy appears to be a relevant tool to selectively identify specific aspects of the development of mucosal injury, quantify the extent of lesions, and contribute to an appropriate interpretation of results. The score systems established here offer a reliable method for testing antiulcer drugs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Geometry of Mass Outflows and Fueling Flows in the Seyfert 2 Galaxy Mrk 3

We present a study of the resolved emission-line regions and an inner dust/gas disk in the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 3, based on Hubble Space Telescope observations. We show that the extended narrow-line region (ENLR), spanning ~4 kpc, is defined by the intersection of the ionizing bicone of radiation from the AGN and the inner disk, which is not coplanar with the large-scale stellar disk. This intersection leads to different position and opening angles of the ENLR compared to the narrow-line region (NLR). A number of emission-line arcs in the ENLR appear to be continuations of dust lanes in the disk, supporting this geometry. The NLR, which consists of outflowing emission-line knots spanning the central ~650 pc, is in the shape of a backwards S. This shape may arise from rotation of the gas, or it may trace the original fueling flow close to the nucleus that was ionized after the AGN turned on.Comment: 22 page, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journa

Bottlenose dolphin ecotypes of the western South Atlantic: the puzzle of habitats, coloration patterns and dorsal fin shapes

Phenotypic variations occur in several cetacean species, including common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus, which can also be distinguished as coastal and offshore ecotypes. In the western South Atlantic, these ecotypes have been described based on skeletal morphology and genetics. However, there is still no clear description to recognize them in the field. Here we searched for external diagnostic patterns that may facilitate their visual distinction and investigated their habitat use. We examined dorsal fin shapes and coloration of photo-identified dolphins distributed in a wide geographic range off the coast of southern and southeastern Brazil. A strong differentiation in the dorsal fin shape was observed, with a more falcate shape for offshore dolphins. We also found that offshore individuals have a darker color pattern, while coastal dolphins show 2 wider striped bands at the throat region and a longer rostrum, revealing that the ecotypes can be well distinguished in the field. We also detected differential habitat use. The coastal ecotype inhabits shallow waters (up to 18 m deep) close to the shore (up to 3 km). The offshore ecotype has a wider distribution and more flexible habitat use. It was usually found in coastal and deeper waters (maximum depth of 758 m and &gt;200 km from the coast). Although we observed a small area of overlap in the distribution of the 2 ecotypes, both forms were not seen together. Therefore, our results reinforce the presence of a parapatric distribution and distinct morphology between the ecotypes, supporting their prior description as different subspecies

Negative MR4·0 chronic myeloid leukaemia and its possible implications for treatment-free remission

© 2019 British Society for Haematology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have dramatically improved the outcome for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients, resulting in a life expectancy that approaches that of the general population. Nevertheless, lifelong TKI therapy may have consequences, including chronic adverse events that can substantially impact patients’ quality of life, adherence to therapy and treatment success. Recently, several clinical discontinuation trials have demonstrated that 40–60% of chronic phase CML patients (CP-CML) who have achieved a stable deep molecular response (DMR) can stop therapy without relapsing (Breccia & Foà, 2018). Laboratory recommendations for scoring DMR were previously defined as MR4·0 [either detectable disease ⩽0·01% BCR-ABLIS (MR4·0 positive) or undetectable disease in cDNA with 10 000–31 999 ABL1 transcripts or 24 000–76 999 GUSB transcripts (MR4·0 negative)], MR4·5 [either detectable disease ⩽0·0032% BCR-ABLIS (MR4·5 positive) or undetectable disease in cDNA with 32 000–99 999 ABL1 transcripts or 77 000–239 999 GUSB transcripts (MR4·5 negative)], and MR5·0 [either detectable disease ⩽0·001% BCR-ABLIS (MR5·0 positive) or undetectable disease in cDNA with ⩾100 000 ABL1 transcripts or ⩾240 000 GUSB transcripts (MR5·0 negative)] (Cross et al, 2015).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio