Stem cells carrier scaffolds for tissue engineering

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) can be isolated from several body tissues, including dental tissues. As a result of being capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types, it can be presumed that stem cell therapy has an advantage compared to other tissue repair methods. Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide a review about current and future materials for scaffolds to carry stem cells in tissue engineering in Dentistry, especially for bone tissue repair. Literature review: MSCs have great therapeutic potential in tissue engineering, they can be expanded in vitro , and combined with scaffolds to be inserted into defects to promote healing and tissue replacement. Conclusion: Stem cells from dental tissues have a real potential in Advanced Therapies. The combination of inductive scaffold materials with stem cells might optimize the approaches for bone regeneration. Although there are numerous available biomaterials potentially compatible to combine with MSCs, more studies need to be performed, due to the fact that for each indication there will be a more suitable material according to the defect’s biological and mechanical requirement

Genomics improves risk stratification of adults with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia enrolled in measurable residual disease-oriented trials

Genomics; T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemiaGenòmica; leucèmia limfoblàstica aguda de cèl·lules TGenómica; Leucemia linfoblástica aguda de células TGenetic information has been crucial to understand the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) at diagnosis and at relapse, but still nowadays has a limited value in a clinical context. Few genetic markers are associated with the outcome of T-ALL patients, independently of measurable residual disease (MRD) status after therapy. In addition, the prognostic relevance of genetic features may be modulated by the specific treatment used. We analyzed the genetic profile of 145 T-ALL patients by targeted deep sequencing. Genomic information was integrated with the clinicalbiological and survival data of a subset of 116 adult patients enrolled in two consecutive MRD-oriented trials of the Spanish PETHEMA (Programa Español de Tratamientos en Hematología) group. Genetic analysis revealed a mutational profile defined by DNMT3A/ N/KRAS/ MSH2/ U2AF1 gene mutations that identified refractory/resistant patients. Mutations in the DMNT3A gene were also found in the non-leukemic cell fraction of patients with T-ALL, revealing a possible mutational-driven clonal hematopoiesis event to prime T-ALL in elderly. The prognostic impact of this adverse genetic profile was independent of MRD status on day +35 of induction therapy. The combined worse-outcome genetic signature and MRD on day +35 allowed risk stratification of T-ALL into standard or high-risk groups with significantly different 5- year overall survival (OS) of 52% (95% confidence interval: 37-67) and 17% (95% confidence interval: 1-33), respectively. These results confirm the relevance of the tumor genetic profile in predicting patient outcome in adult T-ALL and highlight the need for novel gene-targeted chemotherapeutic schedules to improve the OS of poor-prognosis T-ALL patients.This project was supported by the AECC (GC16173697BIGA); ISCIII (PI19/01828 and PI19/01183), co-funded by ERDF/ESF, "A way to make Europe"/"Investing in your future", CERCA/Generalitat de Catalunya SGR 2017 288 (GRC)/ “La Caixa”. C Gon-zález-Gil was supported by AGAUR grant (ref: 2020 FI_B2 00210)

CUIDADORES FAMILIARES DE IDOSOS PORTADORES DE CONDIÇÃO CRÔNICA / FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC CONDITION

Introdução: O cuidador familiar é um componente essencial aos cuidados de saúde de idosos acometidos por condições crônicas ou incapacitantes de longa duração. Objetivo: Identificar os cuidadores familiares de idosos portadores de condição crônica. Métodos: Estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa realizado no domicílio de idosos dependentes de cuidados de familiares cadastrados e atendidos na Estratégia Saúde da Família do Centro de Saúde Genésio Ramos Filho e do Centro de Saúde Cohab-Anil, São Luís (MA). Resultados: Foram investigados 40 cuidadores, sendo 95% do sexo feminino, 30% tinham faixa etária entre 61 e 70 anos, eram aposentados (42,5%), e 60% possuíam renda equivalente a dois salários mínimos. Quanto à escolaridade predominou o ensino médio completo representando 60%. Os cuidadores casados ou com união estável eram 52,5%. Dentre as condições crônicas, 75% apresentaram hipertensão arterial. O grau de parentesco foi de 52%, os quais eram filhos. O quantitativo dos que residiam com o idoso foi de 92,5%, sendo que 85% realizavam outras tarefas além do cuidar e 95% cuidavam há mais de três anos. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se a predominância de cuidadores familiares do sexo feminino, casados, aposentados, com ensino médio completo, com residência no mesmo domicílio que o idoso, parentesco de primeiro grau, cuidadores há mais de três anos que realizavam outras tarefas além dos cuidados com o idoso.Palavras-chave: Enfermagem. Saúde do Idoso. Cuidadores.AbstractIntroduction: The family caregiver is an essential component in the care of elderly patients with long-term disabling or chronic conditions. Objective: To Identify the family caregivers of elderly people with chronic condition. Methods: Descriptive study with quantitative approach performed in houses of elderly people that are dependent of family caregivers and are enrolled and treated in the Family Health Strategy of the Genésio Ramos Filho Health Center and Cohab-Anil Health Center in São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Results: Of the 40 family caregivers, 95.0% were female and 30.0% were between 61 and 70 years of age. Most caregivers were retired (42.5%) and 60.0% had an income of two minimum wages. Regarding the level of education, 60.0% had high school level. The percentage of caregivers who were married or with stable union was 52.5%. Among the chronic conditions, 75.0% presented hypertension. Concerning the degree of kinship, most were sons/daughters being 52.0%. 92.5% respondents lived with the elderly and 85.0% performed other tasks beyond taking care of the elderly. 95.0% had taken care of the elderly people during more than three years. Conclusion: Most of family caregivers were female, married and retired. They had completed high school and lived in the same house of the elder and being of first degree of kinship. These caregivers had taken care of the elderly people during more than three years and had done other tasks beyond taking care of them.Keywords: Nursing. Health of the Elderly. Caregivers

COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA E VALORES DE ENERGIA METABOLIZÁVEL DE INGREDIENTES ALTERNATIVOS PARA FRANGOS DE CORTE

Um experimento foi realizado para determinar a composição química e os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e EMA corrigida para nitrogênio (EMAn) de três tipos de farelo de algodão (FA): FA extrusado, FA com extração por solvente com casca e FA com 40% de proteína bruta (PB); duas variedades de sorgo e farelo residual de milho (FRM). Valores de EMAn do FA e do sorgo da literatura foram usados para estabelecer equações de predição através da composição nutricional. Pintos de corte machos Ross (n=210) foram alojados com seis repetições por tratamento e cinco aves por gaiola. Foi utilizada uma ração-referência (RR) e seis rações-teste contendo os ingredientes a avaliar em substituição de 40 % da RR. A composição química dos ingredientes foi: 92,92; 91,80; 89,08; 86,44; 87,19; 88,50% de matéria seca; 32,96; 35,11; 40,50; 9,83; 8,17 e 10,80% de PB, 17,81; 1,03; 3,59; 2,27; 2,67 e 12,90% de extrato etéreo (EE) e os valores de EMAn foram 2977, 2793, 2827, 2766, 3117 e 3017 kcal/kg para o FA extrusado, FA com casca, FA com 40% PB, sorgo IPA, sorgo Dow e FRM, respectivamente. A equação de EMAn para o FA foi -9158,67 + 1106,94*PB - 12,05*PB*PB -  1866,99*Cinzas (CZ) + 100,16*CZ*CZ - 834,01*Fibra Bruta (FB) + 30,43*FB*FB e para o sorgo foi 4365,59 + 175,41*PB - 10,35*PB*PB - 99,55*EE + 525,34*CZ - 85,06*CZ*CZ - 1310,47*FB + 251,61*FB*FB. Os valores de EMAn de uma variedade de sorgo e um tipo de FA não se ajustaram às equações de predição estabelecidas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: equações de predição; farelo de algodão; farelo residual de milho; metabolismo; sorg

FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTYLIC AS GROWTH REGULATOR FOR THREE TURFGRASSES SPECIES

A aplicação de reguladores vegetais reduz a altura das plantas sem afetar a alta qualidade da área tratada, sem causar prejuízos à densidade das plantas e sem causar dano visível ao gramado. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar o uso do herbicida fluazifop-p-butílico como regulador de crescimento de três espécies de gramas (batatais – Paspalum notatum; esmeralda – Zoysia japonica e são-carlos – Axonopus compressus) em função da luminosidade. O trabalho foi realizado em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos dispostos para cada espécie de grama em esquema de sub- parcela, no qual constituíram as parcelas as duas condições de luminosidade (100 e 70%) e a sub-parcela a aplicação do herbicida (125 g. i.a. ha-1), em quatro repetições. Decorridos 15 dias após a aplicação (DAA), foram medidas a altura e o crescimento lateral das plantas. Essas avaliações foram repetidas a cada 15 dias, até os 45 DAA. Nessa ocasião, determinou-se as massas secas da parte aérea e raízes das plantas. O herbicida fluazifop-p-butílico na dose de 125 g i.a. ha-1 não atua como regulador de crescimento das gramas esmeralda, batatais e são-carlos quando essas se desenvolvem a pleno sol. Sob 70% de luminosidade, o fluazifop-p-butílico foi mais efetivo em regular o crescimento da grama esmeralda, seguida da grama são-carlos e batatais, até os 45 dias após a aplicação.The application of plant regulators reduces plant height without affecting the high quality of the treated area, without causing damage to the density of plants and without causing visible damage to the lawn. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the use of the herbicide fluazifop-p-butyl as a growth regulator for three species of grasses (bahia grass - Paspalum notatum; emerald - Zoysia japonica and blanket grass - Axonopus compressus) depending on the luminosity. The work was carried out in a completely randomized experimental design, with the treatments arranged for each grass species in a sub-plot scheme, in which the plots constituted the two conditions of light (100 and 70%) and the sub-plot the application of the herbicide (125 g ai ha-1), in four replications. After 15 days after application (DAA), evaluations were carried out by measuring the height of the plants, and their lateral growth inside the box. These assessments were repeated every 15 days, up to 45 DAA. On that occasion, the dry masses of the aerial part and roots of the plants were determined, after drying the materials in an oven with forced air circulation at 70oC for at least 96 hours. The herbicide fluazifop-p-butyl at a dose of 125 g a.i. Under 70% of light, fluazifop-p-butyl was more effective in regulating the growth of emerald grass, followed by blanket grass and bahia grass, up to 45 days after application

ALL-268 genetic classification of B-Cell precursor adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients enrolled in LAL19 trial from the pethema group: response to treatment and survival

Context: B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP ALL) is a genetically heterogeneous neoplasm with >20 biologic subtypes. Each subtype shows specific genetic traits that determine relapse risk and patients' survival. Objectives: To establish the genetic subtype (primary alteration) of adult BCP ALL patients enrolled in the PETHEMA LAL19 trial (NCT 04179929) and to correlate them with measurable residual disease (MRD) level and survival. Patients and Methods: In the LAL19 trial (NCT04179929), Ph-negative patients (18–65 y) with MRD≥0.01% at day+35 or high-risk genetics receive alloHSCT and MRD<0.01% patients with standard-risk genetics receive maintenance chemotherapy. The genetic analyses are centralized: FISH and NGS DNA panel (Hospital de Salamanca), RNAseq panel (Hospital 12 de Octubre), FISH panel (Hospital La Fe), and SNP array (Josep Carreras Institute/ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol). MRD determinations are centrally done by next-generation flow cytometry in the Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca. Results: The genetic subtype was identified in 54% (82/152) of patients. The most recurrent subtypes were KMT2Ar (11%), Ph-like (mostly CRLF2::IGH, 11%), low-hypodiploid (7%), PAX5 P80R (7%), high-hyperdiploid (6%), and t(1;19)/TCF3::PBX1 (6%). In addition, t(12;21)/ETV6::RUNX1, ZNF384r, and iAMP21 subtypes (1.5% each) and MEF2Dr, MYCr, IDH1 R132 subtypes (<1% each) were found. Regarding secondary alterations, NRAS (15%), TP53 (13%), PAX5 (13%), and KRAS (10%) mutations were the most frequently observed. Twelve patients were refractory (mainly low-hypodiploid, Ph-like, MYCr, and B-other/unclassified patients). Statistically significant differences were observed for day+35 MRD levels between genetic subtypes. Ph-like, low-hypodiploid, and KMT2Ar showed lower frequencies of MRD<0.01% (17%, 33%, and 57%, respectively) than patients with PAX5P80R (100%), t(1;19)/TCF3::PBX1 (83%), and high-hyperdiploid (75%) (P=0.006). Despite the short median follow-up (11 months), differences in response to treatment were reflected in patients' survival. Significant differences in survival were observed between poor-response subtypes (Ph-like, KMT2Ar, and low-hypodiploid) and good-response subtypes (PAX5 P80R, t(1;19)/TCF3::PBX1, and high-hyperdiploid). Conclusions: Knowing the genetic subtype of each ALL is crucial to better predict relapse risk and offer the best (personalized) treatment for each patient

Genomics improves risk stratifi cation of adults with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia enrolled in measurable residual disease-oriented trials

Genetic information has been crucial to understand the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) at diagnosis and at relapse, but still nowadays has a limited value in a clinical context. Few genetic markers are associated with the outcome of T-ALL patients, independently of measurable residual disease (MRD) status after therapy. In addition, the prognostic relevance of genetic features may be modulated by the specific treatment used. We analyzed the genetic profile of 145 T-ALL patients by targeted deep sequencing. Genomic information was integrated with the clinical -biological and survival data of a subset of 116 adult patients enrolled in two consecutive MRD-oriented trials of the Spanish PETHEMA (Programa Espanol de Tratamientos en Hematologia) group. Genetic analysis revealed a mutational profile defined by DNMT3A/ N/KRAS/ MSH2/ U2AF1 gene mutations that identified refractory/resistant patients. Mutations in the DMNT3A gene were also found in the non-leukemic cell fraction of patients with T-ALL, revealing a possible mutational-driven clonal hematopoiesis event to prime T-ALL in elderly. The prognostic impact of this adverse genetic profile was independent of MRD status on day +35 of induction therapy. The combined worse-outcome genetic signature and MRD on day +35 allowed risk stratification of T-ALL into standard or high-risk groups with significantly different 5 -year overall survival (OS) of 52% (95% confidence interval: 37-67) and 17% (95% confidence interval: 1-33), respectively. These results confirm the relevance of the tumor genetic profile in predicting patient outcome in adult T-ALL and highlight the need for novel gene-targeted chemotherapeutic schedules to improve the OS of poor-prognosis T-ALL patients

Níveis disfuncionais de ansiedade relacionada ao Coronavírus em estudantes de medicina: Dysfunctional levels of Coronavirus-related anxiety in medical students

As preocupações com a saúde mental das pessoas afetadas pela pandemia de coronavírus não foram abordadas adequadamente. Isso é surpreendente, uma vez que tragédias em massa, particularmente aquelas que envolvem doenças infecciosas, muitas vezes desencadeiam ondas de medo e ansiedade elevados que são conhecidos por causar perturbações maciças no comportamento e no bem-estar psicológico de muitos na população. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho é demonstrar os níveis disfuncionais de ansiedade relacionada ao coronavírus em estudantes de medicina. Para isso, foi realizado uma revisão sistemática sobre a temática

ESTUDO DE SELEÇÃO DA COMUNIDADE INFESTANTE POR HERBICIDAS UTILIZANDO TÉCNICAS DE ANÁLISE MULTIVARIADA

For decision making on which strategy is improve for weed management, statistical tools such as multivariate analysis. Especially with a large amount of data, can be used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the use of multivariate analysis for studies on the selection of weed flora as a result of the application of different herbicides. The experiment was in field, in randomized blocks, with four repetition, the area was divided into 32 plots with 3 x 5 meters in length with 8 plots per block. The experimental treatments were: 1-glyphosate, 2- 2,4D; 3-glyphosate + 2,4D; 4- carfentrazone-ethyl; 5-glyphosate + carfentrazone-ethyl; 6-haloxyfop-methyl; 7-clethodim; 8-ammonium glufosinate. The weed community was surveyed in each plot, before application and at 30 days after application of the treatments. The data were submitted to cluster analysis and main components. The most discriminating weed species were Alternanthera tenella and Commelina benghalensis, followed by the grasses Panicum maximum, Cenchrus echinatus and Eleusine indica. The results of cluster analysis were very similar to those obtained by principal component analysis. Multivariate statistical techniques were able to group chemical treatments according to specific composition regardless of the phytosociological index considered.Para a tomada de decisão sobre qual estratégia é melhor para manejo de plantas daninhas podem ser usadas ferramentas estatísticas, como análise multivariada, principalmente quando se dispõe de quantidade elevada de dados. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade da utilização da análise multivariada para estudos de seleção da flora de plantas daninhas em decorrência da aplicação de diferentes herbicidas. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, em delineamento experimental blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, e a área foi dividida em 32 parcelas com 3 x 5 metros de comprimento, com 8 parcelas por bloco. Os tratamentos experimentais foram: 1-glifosato; 2- 2,4D; 3- glifosato + 2,4D; 4- carfentrazone-ethyl; 5- glifosato + carfentrazone-ethyl; 6- haloxyfop-methyl; 7- cletodim; 8- glufosinato de amônio. Foram feitos os levantamentos da comunidade infestante em cada parcela antes da aplicação e aos 30 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de agrupamento e componentes principais. As espécies de plantas daninhas mais discriminantes foram Alternanthera tenella e Commelina benghalensis, seguidas das gramíneas Panicum maximum, Cenchrus echinatus e Eleusine indica. Os resultados da análise de agrupamento foram bastante similares àqueles obtidos pela análise dos componentes principais. As técnicas de estatística multivariada foram capazes de agrupar tratamentos químicos de acordo com a composição específica independentemente do índice fitossociológico considerado

Factors related to the prevention of covid-19 in people with diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Objetivo: analisar os fatores relacionados às práticas de prevenção da covid-19 em usuários que vivem com diabetes mellitus.Método: estudo de corte transversal, analítico e exploratório, desenvolvido com 300 indivíduos acompanhados na Estratégia Saúde da Família e tinham diagnóstico médico de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 ou tipo 2. Na análise bivariada, as comparações entre variáveis quantitativas e categóricas se deram por meio dos testes U de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, e o teste de comparações múltiplas de Dunn.Resultados: verificou-se relação entre o escore total do nível de práticas de prevenção da covid-19e as variáveis sexo (p<0,001), faixa etária (p=0,003), grau de escolaridade (p=0,018) e comorbidades (p=0,014).Conclusão: Conclui-se que as pessoasdo sexo feminino, com faixas etárias e graus deescolaridade mais elevadas, e com comorbidade apresentaram escore total do nível de práticas de prevenção da covid-19mais elevado.SimObjective: to analyze the factors related to covid-19 prevention practices in users living with diabetes mellitus. Method: a cross-sectional, analytical and exploratory study, developed with 300 individuals part of the Family Health Strategy and who had a medical diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the bivariate analysis, comparisons between quantitative and categorical variables were performed through mann-whitney u tests, Kruskal-Wallis,and dunn's multiple comparison test. Results: there was a relationship between the total score of the level of prevention practices of the covid-19 and the variables sex (p<0.001), age group (p=0.003), formal educational level (p=0.018) and comorbidities (p=0.014). Conclusion: It was concluded that females, in olderage groups and higher levels of education, and with a comorbidity presented a total score of the highest level of covid-19 prevention practices