Patterns of Fetal Lamb Regional Cerebral Blood Flow during and after Prolonged Hypoxia

[Abstract not included] Speculation: In the fetal lamb during prolonged intrauterine hypoxia, total and regional cerebral blood flows increase to the same extent without evidence of preferential shunting to critical brainstem or subcortical areas. Neuropathologic studies have indicated relative sparing of these areas during similar animal experimental or human neonatal conditions. This suggests that the pattern of hypoxic ischemic insult to the neonatal central nervous system associated with asphyxia may differ from that produced by hypoxia alone. In addition, during asphyxia these pathologic changes may result primarily from hypotension and decreased regional cerebral blood flow, or from regional metabolic derangements in the cerebral tissue

Search for anomalous multiphoton production at 100-300 GeV

We have carried out a search for anomalous multiphoton production in neutron-Ch2 collisions at Fermilab. Both anomalous [gamma] events as might be produced in the annihilation of a magnetic monopole pair, as well as events with smaller opening angles, such as those observed in cosmic ray emulsions by Schein et al. and others were sought. No evidence for either type of event was found. An upper limit ~2.7 [mu]b is placed on the production cross section for "Schein" events or ~10-2 that deduced from the cosmic ray data.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21926/1/0000333.pd

Ontogeny of the pineal melatonin rhythm and implications for reproductive development in domestic ruminants

This review focuses on the important contribution that domestic ruminants have made to understanding the role of environmental photoperiod in the process of reproductive maturation. Evidence in the sheep, goat and deer indicate that the influence of photoperiod on growth and the onset of puberty is mediated by the pineal gland and secretion of the hormone melatonin. The ontogeny of the circadian melatonin rhythm is discussed in relation to its role in the timing of puberty for these ruminant species.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29742/1/0000079.pd

Decay angular distributions of p[pi]- states formed in diffraction dissociation of neutrons on carbon

We present decay angular distributions of the p[pi]- system formed from the interactions of 25-30 GeV/c neutrons on a carbon target. The data are studied as afunction of t', which allows a partial separation of coherent and incoherent events. It is found that the coherent production goes substantially into p[pi]- states with and is consistent with pure . We are not able to draw any firm conclusions about the question of helicity conservation from the data. There is no evidence for coherent production of the known resonances. Comparison is made of the data with predictions of the Drell-Hiida-Deck and double Regge models. In their present form these models do not appear to give satisfactory descriptions of the data.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34052/1/0000329.pd

The Impact of the Physical Environment on Intrapartum Maternity Care: Identification of Eight Crucial Building Spaces.

OBJECTIVES, PURPOSE, OR AIM: This article investigates whether the physical environment in which childbirth occurs impacts the intrapartum intervention rates and how this might happen. The study explores the spatial physical characteristics that can support the design of spaces to promote the health and well-being of women, their supporters, and maternity care professionals. BACKGROUND: Medical interventions during childbirth have consequences for the health of women and babies in the immediate and long term. The increase in interventions is multifactorial and may be influenced by the model of care adopted, the relationships between caregivers and the organizational culture, which is made up of many factors, including the built environment. In the field of birth architecture research, there is a gap in the description of the physical characteristics of birth environments that impact users' health. METHOD: A scoping review on the topic was performed to understand the direct and indirect impacts of the physical environment on birth intervention rates. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The findings are organized into three tables reporting the influence that the physical characteristics of a space might have on people's behaviors, experiences, practices and birth health outcomes. Eight building spaces that require further investigation and research were highlighted: unit layout configuration, midwives' hub/desk, social room, birth philosophy vectors, configuration of the birth room, size and shape of the birth room, filter, and sensory elements. CONCLUSIONS: The findings show the importance of considering the physical environment in maternity care and that further interdisciplinary studies focused on architectural design are needed to enrich the knowledge and evidence on this topic and to develop accurate recommendations for designers

Developmental Pathway of the MPER-Directed HIV-1-Neutralizing Antibody 10E8

Antibody 10E8 targets the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 gp41, neutralizes >97% of HIV-1 isolates, and lacks the auto-reactivity often associated with MPER-directed antibodies. The developmental pathway of 10E8 might therefore serve as a promising template for vaccine design, but samples from time-of-infection—often used to infer the B cell record—are unavailable. In this study, we used crystallography, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and functional assessments to infer the 10E8 developmental pathway from a single time point. Mutational analysis indicated somatic hypermutation of the 2nd-heavy chain-complementarity determining region (CDR H2) to be critical for neutralization, and structures of 10E8 variants with V-gene regions reverted to genomic origin for heavy-and-light chains or heavy chain-only showed structural differences >2 Å relative to mature 10E8 in the CDR H2 and H3. To understand these developmental changes, we used bioinformatic sieving, maximum likelihood, and parsimony analyses of immunoglobulin transcripts to identify 10E8-lineage members, to infer the 10E8-unmutated common ancestor (UCA), and to calculate 10E8-developmental intermediates. We were assisted in this analysis by the preservation of a critical D-gene segment, which was unmutated in most 10E8-lineage sequences. UCA and early intermediates weakly bound a 26-residue-MPER peptide, whereas HIV-1 neutralization and epitope recognition in liposomes were only observed with late intermediates. Antibody 10E8 thus develops from a UCA with weak MPER affinity and substantial differences in CDR H2 and H3 from the mature 10E8; only after extensive somatic hypermutation do 10E8-lineage members gain recognition in the context of membrane and HIV-1 neutralization

Results from a Fermilab neutrino beam dump experiment

The flux of prompt neutrinos from a beam dump has been measured in an experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (E613). Assuming that the charm production has a linear dependence on atomic number and varies as (1−‖×‖)5 e−2mT, a model dependent cross section of 27±5μb/nucleon can be derived. For neutrino energies greater than 20 GeV, the flux of electron neutrinos with respect to muon neutrinos is 0.78±0.19. For neutrinos with energy greater than 30 GeV and p⟂ greater than 0.2, the flux of ν̄u compared to νμ is 0.96±0.22.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87363/2/100_1.pd

Prompt Neutrino Results from Fermi Lab

Results from a Fermi lab experiment to study prompt neutrino production are presented. Assuming the prompt neutrinos come from the decay of charmed mesons we find a total DD production cross section of approx. 20 μb/nucleon, in good agreement with previous CERN results. We find a ν/ν ratio and a νe/νμ of approx. 1.0. The energy and pT spectra of the prompt neutrinos are consistent with those expected from DD production. Limits on the production of supersymmetric particles have also been obtained.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87356/2/262_1.pd

Search for Nucleon Decays induced by GUT Magnetic Monopoles with the MACRO Experiment

The interaction of a Grand Unification Magnetic Monopole with a nucleon can lead to a barion-number violating process in which the nucleon decays into a lepton and one or more mesons (catalysis of nucleon decay). In this paper we report an experimental study of the effects of a catalysis process in the MACRO detector. Using a dedicated analysis we obtain new magnetic monopole (MM) flux upper limits at the level of $\sim 3\cdot 10^{-16} cm^{-2} s^{-1} sr^{-1}$ for $1.1\cdot 10^{-4} \le |\beta| \le 5\cdot 10^{-3}$, based on the search for catalysis events in the MACRO data. We also analyze the dependence of the MM flux limit on the catalysis cross section.Comment: 12 pages, Latex, 10 figures and 2 Table

Oncogene homologue Sch9 promotes age-dependent mutations by a superoxide and Rev1/Polζ-dependent mechanism

Oncogenes contribute to tumorigenesis by promoting growth and inhibiting apoptosis. Here we examine the function of Sch9, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of the mammalian Akt and S6 kinase, in DNA damage and genomic instability during aging in nondividing cells. Attenuation of age-dependent increases in base substitutions, small DNA insertions/deletions, and gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs) in sch9Δ mutants is associated with increased mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression, decreased DNA oxidation, reduced REV1 expression and translesion synthesis, and elevated resistance to oxidative stress-induced mutagenesis. Deletion of REV1, the lack of components of the error-prone Polζ, or the overexpression of SOD1 or SOD2 is sufficient to reduce age-dependent point mutations in SCH9 overexpressors, but REV1 deficiency causes a major increase in GCRs. These results suggest that the proto-oncogene homologue Sch9 promotes the accumulation of superoxide-dependent DNA damage in nondividing cells, which induces error-prone DNA repair that generates point mutations to avoid GCRs and cell death during the first round of replication