Modeling of novel resist technologies

In response to the difficulties posed by the resolution, line edge roughness, sensitivity (RLS) trade-off to traditional chemically amplified resist (CAR) systems used for extreme ultraviolet lithography, a number of novel resist technologies have been proposed. In this paper, the effect of quencher loading on three resist technologies is analyzed via an error propagation-based resist simulator. In order of increasing novelty as well as complexity, they are: Conventional CAR with quencher, CAR with photodecomposable base, and PSCAR 2.0, a CAR system with photodecomposable base as well as an EUV-activated UV-sensitive resist component. Simulation finds the more complicated resist systems trade in an increase in resist stochastics for improved deprotection slopes, yielding a net benefit in terms of line width roughness

Charge depletion of n(+)-In0.53Ga0.47As potential wells by background acceptor doping

Published versio

A qualitative analysis of offenders' modus operandi in sexually exploitative interactions with children online

Transcripts of chat logs of naturally-occurring, sexually exploitative interactions between offenders and victims that took place via Internet communication platforms were analyzed. The aim of the study was to examine the modus operandi of offenders in such interactions, with particular focus on the specific strategies they use to engage victims, including discursive tactics. We also aimed to ascertain offenders’ underlying motivation and function of engagement in online interactions with children. Five cases, comprising 29 transcripts, were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis with a discursive focus. In addition to this, police reports were reviewed for descriptive and case-specific information. Offenders were men aged between 27 and 52 years (M = 33.6, SD = 5.6), and the number of children they communicated with ranged from one to twelve (M = 4.6, SD = 4.5). Victims were aged between 11 and 15 (M = 13.00, SD = 1.2), and were both female and male. Three offenders committed online sexual offenses, and two offenders committed contact sexual offenses in addition to online sexual offenses. The analysis of transcripts revealed that interactions between offenders and victims were of a highly sexual nature, and that offenders employed a range of manipulative strategies to engage victims and achieve their compliance. It appeared that offenders engaged in such interactions for the purpose of sexual arousal and gratification, as well as fantasy fulfillment

Active Region Modulation of Coronal Hole Solar Wind

Active regions (ARs) are a candidate source of the slow solar wind (SW), the origins of which are a topic of ongoing research. We present a case study that examines the processes by which SW is modulated in the presence of an AR in the vicinity of the SW source. We compare properties of SW associated with a coronal hole (CH)–quiet Sun boundary to SW associated with the same CH but one Carrington rotation later, when this region bordered the newly emerged NOAA AR 12532. Differences found in a range of in situ parameters are compared between these rotations in the context of source region mapping and remote sensing observations. Marked changes exist in the structure and composition of the SW, which we attribute to the influence of the AR on SW production from the CH boundary. These unique observations suggest that the features that emerge in the AR-associated wind are consistent with an increased occurrence of interchange reconnection during SW production, compared with the initial quiet Sun case

Shubnikov-de Haas effect and persistent photoconductivity in In0.52Al0.48As

Published versio

Simulation of 3D solid tumour angiogenesis including arteriole, capillary and venule

Copyright © 2008 The Author(s). In this paper, a 3D mathematical model of tumour angiogenesis is developed, to generate a functional tumour vasculature for blood microcirculation. The model follows that of Anderson and Chaplain (1998) with three exceptions: (a) extending the model from 2D to 3D, one arteriole and one venule is induced as two parent vessels to form an intact circulation network for blood flow; (b) generating networks able to penetrate into the tumour interior rather than the exterior only; (c) considering branching generations with different diameters, based on which three groups of vessels, such as arterioles, venules and capillaries are classified. The present study contains four steps: 1. Generation of 3D angiogenic vasculature induced from one arteriole and one venule, with branching generations considered. 2. Examination of vessel connectivity among each other to construct a functional network for blood circulation, investigation of sensitivity of network architectures to changes in some model parameters. 3. Simulation of blood flow in the developed vasculatures. 4. Comparisons of blood flow calculated on the networks induced from an arteriole-venule system and from a single parent vessel. The networks from simulations could present basic geometric and morphological features of tumour vasculatures. The sensitivity analysis indicates the controllability of the created networks, which could construct architectures of some specific geometric features to suit different types of tumours. The comparisons of blood flow mentioned above demonstrate the validity of the present vasculature, which could be served as a more realistic network structure for research of microcirculation, drug delivery in solid tumors.National Natural Science Foundation of China (10772051); State Scholarship Fund of China (2007100861); seventh Innovation fund for Graduate students of Fudan University (No43); Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (B112); Paul Strickland Scanner Centre Research Fund

A shared data approach more accurately represents the rates and patterns of violence with injury assaults

Background To investigate whether sharing and linking routinely collected violence data across health and criminal justice systems can provide a more comprehensive understanding of violence, establish patterns of under-reporting and better inform the development, implementation and evaluation of violence prevention initiatives. Methods Police violence with injury (VWI) crimed data and emergency department (ED) assault attendee data for South Wales were collected between 1 April 2014 and 31 March 2016 to examine the rates and patterns of VWI. Person identifiable data (PID) were cross-referenced to establish if certain victims or events were less likely to be reported to criminal justice services. Results A total of 18 316 police crimed VWI victims and 10 260 individual ED attendances with an assault-related injury were considered. The majority of ED assault attendances (59.0%) were unknown to police. The key demographic identified as under-reporting to police were young males aged 18-34 years, while a significant amount of non-reported assaults involved a stranger. The combined monthly age-standardised rates were recalculated and on average were 74.7 (95% CI 72.1 to 77.2) and 66.1 (95% CI 64.0 to 68.2) per 100 000 population for males and females, respectively. Consideration of the additional ED cases resulted in a 35.3% and 18.1% increase on the original police totals for male and female VWI victims. Conclusions This study identified that violence is currently undermeasured, demonstrated the importance of continued sharing of routinely collected ED data and highlighted the benefits of using PID from a number of services in a linked way to provide a more comprehensive picture of violence

Extensive Copy-Number Variation of Young Genes across Stickleback Populations

MM received funding from the Max Planck innovation funds for this project. PGDF was supported by a Marie Curie European Reintegration Grant (proposal nr 270891). CE was supported by German Science Foundation grants (DFG, EI 841/4-1 and EI 841/6-1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript