A Study of the Needs of Beeville, Texas, as a Basis for a Course in Home Economics for Colored High School Girls

In the preparation of this thesis, an effort has been made to study the needs of Beeville, Texas, as a basis for a course in Home Economics, for the Colored High School girls. Realizing that a Home Economics course has proved to be very valuable in almost every school curriculum, it is assumed that it can be of untold benefit to the High School girls of Beevile,so much so that this benefit derived there from will carry over into the homes of the girls with a telling effect. Home Economics,which has always claimed for itself outstanding social values, can be called upon to justify and will justify its claims, even in the Beeville High School for Colored girls, if given a chance. Home Economics has some well defined purposes that would serve to bring out many hidden possibilities in the life and usefullness of the Colored High School girls of Beeville, Texas. One purpose is that of developing the ability of some to make a living in those pursuits to which Home Economic subject matter contributes, as dietitians, home service, representatives, for equipment companies, nursery school directors, tea room managers, and many other occupations. Another, the purpose of assisting in the process of developing boys and girls, men and women as individuals to their optimum in health, social and economic living, and personality. Another; the purpose of training every man and woman, boy and girl to live a better life in a better home. In looking forward it seems reasonable to predict that there will continue to be many occupations for women and girls, which will require the technical training to he found in tile Home Economics field. There will also he more and more need for training individuals to live rich, full lives in good adjustment ot their surroundings. In its initial stages the place of Home Economics was held to he within the walls of the home and was taught from the school room as a practical service to the future home-maker. Now Home Economics has come out into the public arena not only to serve and to feed the multitude, but under federal, state and private relief to meet the greatest need of modern times, to aid the house-wife to stretch the relief dollar to feed her family to the maximum health degree. The following Home Economic objectives are especially fitting: 1. Creating appreciation for home life and home making as a mode of life. 2. Training for worthy membership in a home. 3. Efficiency in home making skills. 4. Maintaining home sanitation and health. 5. Wise use of leisure time. 6. Right attitude toward community life. 7. Increase enjoyment of life1 Footnote: (1) Justin, Margaret, Pennsylvania School Journal. (no date given

Firm Size Effects on Venture Capital Syndication: The Role of Resources and Transaction Costs

The present paper examines firm size effects on the decision of venture capital firms to participate in a venture capital investment syndication network. The authors submit that firm size effects in venture capital syndication are dependent on resource acquisition motives and transaction cost considerations. Analysis of 317 venture capital firms in 6 European countries reveals a curve linear relationship between firm size and venture capital syndication participation. We also find positive and negative moderating effects of firm size. The implication of our findings is that there are both advantages and disadvantages in syndicated investment for the smaller and larger venture capitalist.Firm Size;Resource-Based View;Syndication Networks;Transaction Cost Theory;Venture Capital

Chemical Association via Exact Thermodynamic Formulations

It can be fruitful to view two-component physical systems of attractive monomers, A and B, ``chemically'' in terms of a reaction A + B C, where C = AB is an associated pair or complex. We show how to construct free energies in the three-component or chemical picture which, under mass-action equilibration, exactly reproduce any given two-component or ``physical'' thermodynamics. Order-by-order matching conditions and closed-form chemical representations reveal the freedom available to modify the A-C, B-C, and C-C interactions and to adjust the association constant. The theory (in the simpler one-component, i.e., A = B, case) is illustrated by treating a van der Waals fluid.Comment: 15 double-spaced pages (RevTeX), including 1 eps figur

An analysis of the role of state, economy and civil society in the development, management and reform of the NHS 1948 - 1997

The NHS is the centrepiece of the UK welfare state. For fifty years it has provided the majority of health-care in the UK. However the running of the service has not been marked by a smooth operation. Repeated reforms have occurred since 1948 in attempts to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the service. These reforms have been credited with varying degrees of success. Even the most radical reforms, initiated in 1990, have been marked by some failures - particularly in respect to the provision of services to 'at risk' groups such as the elderly, leading to criticisms of a lack of coherent policy making. The reasons that underlie the success of the NHS in the midst of failure are complicated, but one hypothesis is that the structure of the NHS does not reflect its basic functions. Those functions can be broken down into 2. First is the relief of suffering from illness; second is the support of the industrial and economic base of the UK. The existence of this pluralistic purpose implies that the management of the service requires balancing the forces of economic, state and civil society requirements for the NHS. This management is embodied in a complicated institutionalisation of care, covered in chapter 1. The empirical evidence gathered in the thesis, in chapters 2 and 3 both from literature and case studies, would indicate that at least part of the problems seen in the NHS result from a failure to balance this institutionalisation. However, the situation is made more complex as the result of this imbalance creates further increased demands from some of the elements in the management of the service. Therefore the failure to balance the interactions that surround the NHS increases the pressures on it which in turn increases the imbalance leading to a feedback loop magnifying the problem. The source and problems of this feedback are best exemplified by a case study of the most recent reforms -covered in chapters 4-11 of this thesis. This case study demonstrates that the way in which the 1990 reforms were formulated and implemented took little notice of the impact of the changes on the street level NHS managers - with the results that the reforms did not represent a coherent policy. The result of the lack of coherence is that the changes have not generated efficiency gains, and in some cases have diverted resources away from those most in need. The underlying cause of this is the predominance of non- market forces in the decision making process - i.e. the values of the purchasers and the power of the providers to influence decision making. The linkages between these features of the post reform NHS are described in chapter 12. It is likely that the only way in which the circle of problems in the NHS can be addressed is re-establishing the corporate relationship that surrounds health care. However unlike previous relationships the evidence suggests that the relationship should be established at a policy level, rather than the current trends for a local level relationship. The NHS is not unique in this aspect, as this is the pattern of change seen in many European Countries

OH 1720 MHz Masers in Supernova Remnants --- C-Shock Indicators

Recent observations show that the OH 1720 MHz maser is a powerful probe of the shocked region where a supernova remnant strikes a molecular cloud. We perform a thorough study of the pumping of this maser and find tight constraints on the physical conditions needed for its production. The presence of the maser implies moderate temperatures (50 -- 125 K) and densities ($\sim 10^5 cm^{-3}$), and OH column densities of order $10^{16} cm^{-2}$. We show that these conditions can exist only if the shocks are of C-type. J-shocks fail by such a wide margin that the presence of this maser could become the most powerful indicator of C-shocks. These conditions also mean that the 1720 MHz maser will be inherently weak compared to the other ground state OH masers. All the model predictions are in good agreement with the observations.Comment: 16 pages, 5 Postscript figures (included), uses aaspp4.sty. To appear in the Astrophysical Journa

Lessons Learned from the Flight Unit Testing of the Near Earth Asteroid Scout Flight System

The Near Earth Asteroid Scout flight mission is set to launch on the maiden voyage of the Space Launch System as a secondary payload. The spacecraft will be jettisoned in cis-lunar space and embark on an ambitious 2.5 year mission to image an asteroid. The spacecraft is uniquely equipped with an 85m2 solar sail as the main propulsion system. The monolithic sail system is designed to package within a 6U volume for launch and then deploy during flight. The NEA Scout team has presented in the past to the International Symposium on Solar Sailing topics related to the engineering development unit and design efforts to achieve flight hardware build. This paper will focus on the lessons learned from building and testing the NEA Scout flight system. Focus will be on the mechanical, software, and electrical interfaces as well as preparation for subsystem environmental tests, including thermal vacuum. Due to the unique design of the spacecraft, the solar sail subsystem was required to be located in the center of the spacecraft. This requirement lead to design challenges such as designing and accommodating critical cable harnesses to run through the center of the sail subsystem, packaging and deployment design of the sail subsystem, and integrated testing efforts through an avionics test bed to verify and validate a complete system architecture

Firm Size Effects on Venture Capital Syndication: The Role of Resources and Transaction Costs

The present paper examines firm size effects on the decision of venture capital firms to participate in a venture capital investment syndication network. The authors submit that firm size effects in venture capital syndication are dependent on resource acquisition motives and transaction cost considerations. Analysis of 317 venture capital firms in 6 European countries reveals a curve linear relationship between firm size and venture capital syndication participation. We also find positive and negative moderating effects of firm size. The implication of our findings is that there are both advantages and disadvantages in syndicated investment for the smaller and larger venture capitalist

An aircraft design for maintainability methodology integrated with computer aided design

Maintenance typically represents 10 – 25% of the direct operating cost of an aircraft and minimizing maintenance cost is therefore an important driver for aircraft design. This paper presents a methodology for Design for Maintainability that uses an accessibility checklist for maintainability assessment at the preliminary design stage, and a maintenance task time prediction method that can be used at the detailed design stage. Both elements of the methodology use Computer Aided Design to assess virtual maintenance operations for accessibility and human performance. The methodology provides a basis for the comparison of design alternatives with respect to maintainability

\u3ci\u3eIn situ\u3c/i\u3e Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Arrays on Surfaces Coated with Crosslinked Polymer Multilayers

We report an approach to the in situ synthesis of oligonucleotide arrays on surfaces coated with crosslinked polymer multilayers. Our approach makes use of methods for the reactive layer-by-layer assembly of thin, amine-reactive multilayers using branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) and the azlactone-functionalized polymer poly(2-vinyl-4,4′-dimethylazlactone) (PVDMA). Postfabrication treatment of film-coated glass substrates with d-glucamine or 4-amino-1-butanol yielded hydroxyl-functionalized films suitable for the Maskless Array Synthesis (MAS) of oligonucleotide arrays. Glucamine-functionalized films yielded arrays of oligonucleotides with fluorescence intensities and signal-to-noise ratios (after hybridization with fluorescently labeled complementary strands) comparable to those of arrays fabricated on conventional silanized glass substrates. These arrays could be exposed to multiple hybridization/dehybridization cycles with only moderate loss of hybridization density. The versatility of the layer-by-layer approach also permitted synthesis directly on thin sheets of film-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) to yield flexible oligonucleotide arrays that could be readily manipulated (e.g., bent) and cut into smaller arrays. To our knowledge, this work presents the first use of polymer multilayers as a substrate for the multistep synthesis of complex molecules. Our results demonstrate that these films are robust and able to withstand the ∼450 individual chemical processing steps associated with MAS (as well as manipulations required to hybridize, image, and dehybridize the arrays) without large-scale cracking, peeling, or delamination of the thin films. The combination of layer-by-layer assembly and MAS provides a means of fabricating functional oligonucleotide arrays on a range of different materials and substrates. This approach may also prove useful for the fabrication of supports for the solid-phase synthesis and screening of other macromolecular or small-molecule agents

SiO masers in TX Cam: Simultaneous VLBA observations of two 43 GHz masers at four epochs

We present the results of simultaneous high resolution observations of v=1 and v=2, J=1-0 SiO masers toward TX Cam at four epochs covering a stellar cycle. Near maser maximum (Epochs III and IV), the individual components of both masers are distributed in ring-like structures but the ring is severely disrupted near stellar maser minimum (Epochs I and II). In Epochs III and IV there is a large overlap between the radii at which the two maser transitions occur. However in both epochs the average radius of the v=2 maser ring is smaller than for the v=1 maser ring, the difference being larger for Epoch IV. The observed relative ring radii in the two transitions, and the trends on the ring thickness, are close to those predicted by the model of Humphreys et al. (\cite{humphreys02}). In many individual features there is an almost exact overlap in space and velocity of emission from the two transitions, arguing against pure radiative pumping. At both Epochs III and IV in many spectral features only 50% of the flux density is recovered in our images, implying significant smooth maser structure. For both transitions we find that red- and blue-shifted masers occur in all parts of the rings, with relatively few masers at the systemic velocity. Thus there is no evidence for rotation, although the blue-shifted masers are somewhat more prominent to the west. At all four epochs red-shifted components are generally brighter than blue-shifted ones. At Epochs III and IV, we see many filamentary or spoke-like features in both v=1 and v=2 masers, especially in the red-shifted gas. These spokes show systematic velocity gradients consistent with a decelerating outward flow with increasing radius. We outline a possible model to explain why, given the presence of these spokes, there is a deficit of maser features at the systemic velocity.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figs, accepted to A&A, Abstract is reduced (see the paper for full length