GROUND WATER POLLUTION AT THE NORTHERN PART OF HOCHIMINH CITY

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Host Transcription Profile in Nasal Epithelium and Whole Blood of Hospitalized Children Under 2 Years of Age With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.

BACKGROUND: Most insights into the cascade of immune events after acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection have been obtained from animal experiments or in vitro models. METHODS: In this study, we investigated host gene expression profiles in nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and whole blood samples during natural RSV and rhinovirus (hRV) infection (acute versus early recovery phase) in 83 hospitalized patients <2 years old with lower respiratory tract infections. RESULTS: Respiratory syncytial virus infection induced strong and persistent innate immune responses including interferon signaling and pathways related to chemokine/cytokine signaling in both compartments. Interferon-α/β, NOTCH1 signaling pathways and potential biomarkers HIST1H4E, IL7R, ISG15 in NP samples, or BCL6, HIST2H2AC, CCNA1 in blood are leading pathways and hub genes that were associated with both RSV load and severity. The observed RSV-induced gene expression patterns did not differ significantly in NP swab and blood specimens. In contrast, hRV infection did not as strongly induce expression of innate immunity pathways, and significant differences were observed between NP swab and blood specimens. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that RSV induced strong and persistent innate immune responses and that RSV severity may be related to development of T follicular helper cells and antiviral inflammatory sequelae derived from high activation of BCL6

Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population. Methods AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921. Findings Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 [3%] vs seven [1%]; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 [3%] vs six [1%]; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten [2%] vs two [<1%]; p=0·038) at 6 months. Interpretation Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke

Hemorrhage Disease of Cultured Tra Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in Mekong Delta (Vietnam)

This study investigated hemorrhage disease in cultured tra catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) from An Giang, Ben Tre, Can Tho, and Vinh Long provinces in the Mekong Delta (Vietnam). The disease is characterized by internal organ necrosis, white (spot) nodules in the liver, kidney, and spleen, and petecchial hemorrhages on the tail, fins, and abdomen. Some fish have exophthalmus (pop eye), a reddish and swollen anus, and yellowish fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Moribund fish lose their appetite and swim at the sur- face. Bacteria isolated from the diseased fish consisted of Aeromonas hydrophila (38.8%), A. sobria (4.1%), A. caviae (2.0%), Edwardsiella ictaluri (4.1%), and a gram positive, anaerobic bacteria, Clostridium sp. (40.8%). Histological analyses showed necrotic cells and intranuclear, randomly- arranged, straight rod cells (1.0-1.5 x 3.0-4.0 μm) concentrated in the ulcers. Challenge test with A. hydrophila induced external signs of hemorrhagic dis- ease. Challenge test with Clostridium sp. confirmed the presence of the bac- teria in infected tissues with development of white nodules similar to those in naturally-infected fish. Fish challenged with E. ictaluri exhibited gas bubbles in the stomach and gut with a foul smell. Reovirus-like particles were seen by transmission electron microscopy. Further study is needed to determine the role of each pathogen alone and together with others in the pathogenesis of hemorrhage disease of tra catfish

Sequential pattern mining using IDLists

Sequential pattern mining is a practical problem whose objective is to discover helpful informative patterns in a stored database such as market transaction databases. It covers many applications in different areas. Recently, a study that improved the runtime for mining patterns was proposed. It was called pseudo-IDLists and it helps prevent duplicate data from replicating during the mining process. However, the idea only works for the special type of sequential patterns, which are clickstream patterns. Direct applying the idea for sequential pattern mining is not feasible. Hence, we proposed adaptions and changes to the novel idea and proposed SUI (Sequential pattern mining Using IDList), a sequential pattern mining algorithm based on pseudo-IDLists. Via experiments on three test databases, we show that SUI is efficient and effective regarding runtime and memory consumption. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Gelatin-stabilized composites of silver nanoparticles and curcumin: characterization, antibacterial and antioxidant study

This is a preliminary study of a material comprising gelatin (Gel), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and curcumin (Cur) aimed for wound-healing treatment. Gelatin was used to stabilize AgNPs and encapsulate curcumin to form a therapeutic composite (GelCurAg) for their strong bactericidal and antioxidant properties. GelCurAg formulations with different gelatin concentrations were characterized to attain information about their physiochemical properties and the loading efficiency of therapeutic agents. In vitro assessment of GelCurAg focused on antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic aspects. The results suggested that Gel1CurAg (synthesized from 1% gelatin solution) could be utilized as potential therapeutic agents in treating infectious wound owing to its bactericidal and antioxidant effects and low toxicity for clinical uses

In Vivo Study of the Antibacterial Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Loaded with Silver Nanoparticle Hydrogel for Wound Healing Applications

Silver nanoparticles have attracted great interests widely in medicine due to its great characteristics of antibacterial activity. In this research, the antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of a topical gel synthesized from polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, and silver nanoparticles were studied. Hydrogels with different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (15 ppm, 30 ppm, and 60 ppm) were evaluated to compare their antibacterial activity, nanoparticles’ sizes, and in vivo behaviors. The resulted silver nanoparticles in the hydrogel were characterized by TEM showing the nanoparticles’ sizes less than 22 nm. The in vitro results prove that the antibacterial effects of all of the samples are satisfied. However, the in vivo results demonstrate the significant difference among different hydrogels in wound healing, where hydrogel with 30 ppm shows the best healing rate