Seismic Evaluation of the Ca hedral of Valencia (Spain) applying a scalar damage model

Ashlars structures in Gothic cathedrals are designed to allow light get into the building. For this reason exterior walls turn into glazed large windows. The structural system which permits achieving this target is formed by the ribbed vault resting on columns. This Gothic system has an excellent performance against dead loads but its response to lateral loads produced by seismic movement is poor. The southern Mediterranean area is seismic zone and Gothic buildings raised there are different from the ones in the European centre. This paper studies the Cathedral of Valencia structural system and its seismic behaviour is numerically analysed using software developed by the authors of this paper, which implements two continuum damage models for analysing masonry and ashlars: An isotropic damage model is applied a nonlinear static pushover procedure. This procedure gives an appropriated approach to the structure response in a computational time relatively short. Too is applied a nonlinear structural dynamics is made in a whole model of the Cathedral. The application of efficient computational procedures as direct procedures to resolve systems of equations with sparse matrix are efficient and reduce computing time. Comparing the results obtained by both procedures permits evaluating the state of the Cathedral structure

An investigation into the fabrication parameters of screen-printed capacitive sensors on e-textiles

[EN] The design and development of textile-based capacitive sensors requires the implementation of textile capacitors with a determined capacitance. One of the main techniques to obtain these sensors is the screen-printing of conductive and dielectric inks on textiles. This paper investigates the fabrication parameters that have the most influence when designing and implementing a screen-printed capacitive sensor. In this work, a textile has been used directly as the dielectric part, influencing sensitively the value of the permittivity and the thickness of the dielectric of the capacitor. These are two fundamental parameters for the estimation of its capacitance. The choice of the conductive ink, its viscosity and solid content, as well as printing parameters, such as printing direction, also impact on the manner for obtaining the electrodes of the capacitive sensor. Although the resulting electrodes do not represent an important parameter for the estimation of the capacitance, it determines the selection of fabrics that can be printed. As a result of the investigation, the paper provides a guideline to choose the materials, such as fabrics or inks, as well as the printing parameters, to implement e-textile applications based on projected capacitive technologies. The experiments carried out on different fabrics and inks have provided results with capacities of less than 60 pF, the limit where the sensors based on capacitive technologies are located.The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Conselleria d'Economia Sostenible, Sectors Productius i Treball, through IVACE (Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial) and cofounded by ERDF funding from the European Union (Application no. IMAMCI/2019/1). This work was also supported by the Spanish Government/FEDER funds (RTI2018-100910-B-C43) (MINECO/FEDER).Ferri, J.; Llinares Llopis, R.; Moreno, J.; Lidon-Roger, JV.; Garcia-Breijo, E. (2020). An investigation into the fabrication parameters of screen-printed capacitive sensors on e-textiles. Textile Research Journal. 90(15-16):1749-1769. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517519901016S174917699015-16Gonçalves, C., Ferreira da Silva, A., Gomes, J., & Simoes, R. (2018). Wearable E-Textile Technologies: A Review on Sensors, Actuators and Control Elements. Inventions, 3(1), 14. doi:10.3390/inventions3010014Mostafalu, P., Tamayol, A., Rahimi, R., Ochoa, M., Khalilpour, A., Kiaee, G., … Khademhosseini, A. (2018). Smart Bandage for Monitoring and Treatment of Chronic Wounds. Small, 14(33), 1703509. doi:10.1002/smll.201703509Shi, H., Zhao, H., Liu, Y., Gao, W., & Dou, S.-C. (2019). Systematic Analysis of a Military Wearable Device Based on a Multi-Level Fusion Framework: Research Directions. Sensors, 19(12), 2651. doi:10.3390/s19122651Kim, K., Jung, M., Jeon, S., & Bae, J. (2019). Robust and scalable three-dimensional spacer textile pressure sensor for human motion detection. Smart Materials and Structures, 28(6), 065019. doi:10.1088/1361-665x/ab1adfFerri, J., Perez Fuster, C., Llinares Llopis, R., Moreno, J., & Garcia‑Breijo, E. (2018). Integration of a 2D Touch Sensor with an Electroluminescent Display by Using a Screen-Printing Technology on Textile Substrate. Sensors, 18(10), 3313. doi:10.3390/s18103313De Vos, M., Torah, R., Glanc-Gostkiewicz, M., & Tudor, J. (2016). A Complex Multilayer Screen-Printed Electroluminescent Watch Display on Fabric. Journal of Display Technology, 12(12), 1757-1763. doi:10.1109/jdt.2016.2613906Lin, X., & Seet, B.-C. (2017). Battery-Free Smart Sock for Abnormal Relative Plantar Pressure Monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 11(2), 464-473. doi:10.1109/tbcas.2016.2615603Ejupi, A., & Menon, C. (2018). Detection of Talking in Respiratory Signals: A Feasibility Study Using Machine Learning and Wearable Textile-Based Sensors. Sensors, 18(8), 2474. doi:10.3390/s18082474Polanský, R., Soukup, R., Řeboun, J., Kalčík, J., Moravcová, D., Kupka, L., … Hamáček, A. (2017). A novel large-area embroidered temperature sensor based on an innovative hybrid resistive thread. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 265, 111-119. doi:10.1016/j.sna.2017.08.030Komazaki, Y., & Uemura, S. (2019). Stretchable, printable, and tunable PDMS-CaCl2 microcomposite for capacitive humidity sensors on textiles. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 297, 126711. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2019.126711Ng, C. L., & Reaz, M. B. I. (2019). Evolution of a capacitive electromyography contactless biosensor: Design and modelling techniques. Measurement, 145, 460-471. doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2019.05.031Ferri, J., Lidón-Roger, J., Moreno, J., Martinez, G., & Garcia-Breijo, E. (2017). A Wearable Textile 2D Touchpad Sensor Based on Screen-Printing Technology. Materials, 10(12), 1450. doi:10.3390/ma10121450Atalay, O. (2018). Textile-Based, Interdigital, Capacitive, Soft-Strain Sensor for Wearable Applications. Materials, 11(5), 768. doi:10.3390/ma11050768Yongsang Kim, Hyejung Kim, & Hoi-Jun Yoo. (2010). Electrical Characterization of Screen-Printed Circuits on the Fabric. IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging, 33(1), 196-205. doi:10.1109/tadvp.2009.2034536Lee, W. J., Park, J. Y., Nam, H. J., & Choa, S.-H. (2019). The development of a highly stretchable, durable, and printable textile electrode. Textile Research Journal, 89(19-20), 4104-4113. doi:10.1177/0040517519828992Chatterjee, K., Tabor, J., & Ghosh, T. K. (2019). Electrically Conductive Coatings for Fiber-Based E-Textiles. Fibers, 7(6), 51. doi:10.3390/fib7060051Gu, J. F., Gorgutsa, S., & Skorobogatiy, M. (2010). Soft capacitor fibers using conductive polymers for electronic textiles. Smart Materials and Structures, 19(11), 115006. doi:10.1088/0964-1726/19/11/115006Khan, S., Lorenzelli, L., & Dahiya, R. S. (2015). Technologies for Printing Sensors and Electronics Over Large Flexible Substrates: A Review. IEEE Sensors Journal, 15(6), 3164-3185. doi:10.1109/jsen.2014.2375203Zhang, Q., Wang, Y. L., Xia, Y., Zhang, P. F., Kirk, T. V., & Chen, X. D. (2019). Textile‐Only Capacitive Sensors for Facile Fabric Integration without Compromise of Wearability. Advanced Materials Technologies, 4(10), 1900485. doi:10.1002/admt.201900485Mukherjee, P. K. (2018). Dielectric properties in textile materials: a theoretical study. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 110(2), 211-214. doi:10.1080/00405000.2018.1473710Sadi, M. S., Yang, M., Luo, L., Cheng, D., Cai, G., & Wang, X. (2019). Direct screen printing of single-faced conductive cotton fabrics for strain sensing, electrical heating and color changing. Cellulose, 26(10), 6179-6188. doi:10.1007/s10570-019-02526-

Field Efficacy of a Metarhizium anisopliae-Based Attractant Contaminant Device to Control Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

[EN] Biological control of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) using entomopathogenic fungi is being studied as a viable control strategy. The efficacy of a Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae)-based attractant contaminant device (ACD) to control C. capitata was evaluated in a medium-scale (40 ha) 2-yr field trial using a density of 24 ACD per ha. Results showed that this density was adequate to efficiently reduce fruitfly populations and that the inoculation dishes (IDs) needed replacing mid-season to provide protection for the entire season. In this study, fungal treatment was even more effective than conventional chemical treatment. Population dynamics in fungus-treated fields along with the infectivity study of field-aged IDs in the laboratory found that the ACD remained effective for at least 3 mo. The results suggest M. anisopliae-based ACD can be used to control C. capitata in the field. The implications of its use, especially as a tool in an integrated pest management program, are discussed.We thank Hellen Warbunton for editing the manuscript. This work was partially supported by the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias (INIA; Proyect: RTA03-103-C6-4) and the Comision Espanola Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CICYT; Proyect: AGL2006-13346-C02-02).Navarro-Llopis, V.; Ayala Mingol, I.; Sanchis Cabanes, J.; Primo Millo, J.; Moya Sanz, MDP. (2015). Field Efficacy of a Metarhizium anisopliae-Based Attractant Contaminant Device to Control Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 108(4):1570-1578. doi:10.1093/jee/tov157S15701578108

Comparison of E-Textile Techniques and Materials for 3D Gesture Sensor with Boosted Electrode Design

[EN] There is an interest in new wearable solutions that can be directly worn on the curved human body or integrated into daily objects. Textiles offer properties that are suitable to be used as holders for electronics or sensors components. Many sensing technologies have been explored considering textiles substrates in combination with conductive materials in the last years. In this work, a novel solution of a gesture recognition touchless sensor is implemented with satisfactory results. Moreover, three manufacturing techniques have been considered as alternatives: screen-printing with conductive ink, embroidery with conductive thread and thermosealing with conductive fabric. The main critical parameters have been analyzed for each prototype including the sensitivity of the sensor, which is an important and specific parameter of this type of sensor. In addition, user validation has been performed, testing several gestures with different subjects. During the tests carried out, flick gestures obtained detection rates from 79% to 89% on average. Finally, in order to evaluate the stability and strength of the solutions, some tests have been performed to assess environmental variations and washability deteriorations. The obtained results are satisfactory regarding temperature and humidity variations. The washability tests revealed that, except for the screen-printing prototype, the sensors can be washed with minimum degradation.This work was supported by the Spanish Government/FEDER funds (RTI2018-100910-B-C43) (MINECO/FEDER). The work presented is also funded by the Conselleria d'Economia Sostenible, Sectors Productius i Treball, through IVACE (Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial) and cofounded by ERDF funding from the EU. Application No.: IMAMCI/2020/1Ferri Pascual, J.; Llinares Llopis, R.; Martinez, G.; Lidon-Roger, JV.; Garcia-Breijo, E. (2020). Comparison of E-Textile Techniques and Materials for 3D Gesture Sensor with Boosted Electrode Design. Sensors. 20(8):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082369S11920

Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for fluorotelomer alcohols and perfluorinated sulfonamides determination

Ionization and in source-fragmentation behavior of four fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOH) (4:2 FTOH, 6:2FTOH, 8:2 FTOH and 10:2 FTOH) and four N-alkyl fluorooctane sulfonamides/-ethanols (N-MeFOSA, N-EtFOSA, N-MeFOSE and N-EtFOSE) by APCI has been studied and compared with the traditionally usedEI and CI. Protonated molecule was the base peak of the APCI spectrum in all cases giving the possibilityof selecting it as a precursor ion for MS/MS experiments. Following, CID fragmentation showed commonproduct ions for all FOSAs/FOSEs (C4F7and C3F5). Nevertheless, the different functionality gave charac-teristic pattern fragmentations. For instance, FTOHs mainly loss H2O + HF, FOSAs showed the losses ofSO2and HF while FOSEs showed the losses of H2O and SO2. Linearity, repeatability and LODs have beenstudied obtaining instrumental LODs between 1 and 5 fg. Finally, application to river water and influentand effluent waste water samples has been carried out in order to investigate the improvements in detec-tion capabilities of this new source in comparison with the traditionally used EI/CI sources. Matrix effectsin APCI have been evaluated in terms of signal enhancement/suppression when comparing standardsin solvent and matrix. No matrix effects were observed and concentrations found in samples were inthe range of 1-100 pg L−1far below the LODs achieved with methods previously reported. Unknownrelated perfluoroalkyl substances, as methyl-sulfone and methyl-sulfoxide analogues for FTOHs, werealso discovered and tentatively identified

Cómo motivar a los estudiantes de secundaria mediante actividades de ciencias atractivas y divertidas

Se presenta una propuesta de formación del profesorado llevada a cabo durante dos cursos académicos (2006/08) con la finalidad de mejorar la motivación e interés de los estudiantes hacia el aprendizaje de las ciencias. Se diseñó e implementó un curso desde la perspectiva de una ciencia comprometida, pero también amena, creativa y divertida, incluyendo actividades interactivas realizadas en colaboración con el Museo de Ciencias Príncipe Felipe, experimentos de laboratorio, textos divulgativos con enfoques CTSA (Ciencia-Tecnología-Sociedad-Ambiente), juguetes científicos, así como el aporte de experiencias provenientes de otros países europeos (Alemania, Francia y Reino Unido). Esta iniciativa, en la que han participado 80 profesores ha sido un instrumento eficaz tanto para la mejora de la motivación como para promover la formación de comunidades de práctica