Stand-off LIBS in space exploration. New facility for the simulation of different planetary conditions

The availability of facilities capable of simulating extraterrestrial environments represents a need in today's planetary research to design, simulate and optimize those experiments carried out outside of Earth1,2. A thermal vacuum chamber (TVC) must be capable of operating under representative conditions (temperature, pressure, gas composition, radiation flux …) of space exploration targets and have a helpful volume compatible with the performing experiments and the testing of equipment under mimicked scenarios. Stand-off spectroscopies and connected techniques have gained a proper niche within the modern tools in situ compositional analysis for space exploration using rovers. The latest missions sent for space geo-exploration, e.g. NASA's Mars 2020 mission, show that Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometry (LIBS) is currently one of the key tools in understanding mineralogy and geochemistry of planetary surface. LIBS can obtain real-time information at distances up to 12 meters, together with other techniques such as RAMAN or VIS-IR spectroscopy3. The convenience of a TVC capable of performing stand-off spectroscopies under different analysis ranges allows reproducing the results obtained in Perseverance rover and for future missions, gaining insights about data treatment and data modelling, and anticipating experiments on Earth before the launch. This work presents the TVC available in the UMALASER lab and the stand-off LIBS experiments carried out at different atmospheric conditions up to 12m. Furthermore, the versatility of this camera in the field of stand-off analysis will be demonstrated by combining LIBS analysis with Laser-Induced Acoustics detections or other spectroscopic techniques (i.e. Raman). This array of remote analysis techniques has been applied for the compositional analysis of geological samples under Martian atmospheric conditions of pressure (8 mbar), composition (CO2 rich atmosphere) and air temperature (250 K).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Rating the Independence. A resignificance in Chile and Argentina (1810-1910)

El artículo analiza el proceso de conmemoración y resignificación de la independencia en Chile y Argentina, desde 1810 hasta 1910. Primero, examina el significado del ideal de independencia para las clases dirigentes y los sectores populares; luego, aborda la relevancia de la difusión de los símbolos patrios en la construcción del discurso nacional; finalmente, plantea una reflexión del Centenario Nacional como un hito de resignificación nacional de los cien años de vida republicana del Estado chileno y argentino.The article analyzes the process of commemoration and resignificance of independence in Chile and Argentina, from 1810 to 1910. First, examines the significance of the ideal of independence for the ruling classes and popular sectors; then, addresses the relevance of the diffusion of the national symbols in the construction of the national discourse; finally, raises a reflection of the National Centennial as a milestone national resignificance of hundred years of republican life of the chilean and argentine State

LIBS-Acoustic Mid-Level Fusion Scheme for Mineral Differentiation under Terrestrial and Martian Atmospheric Conditions

The shockwave produced alongside the plasma during a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy event can be recorded as an acoustic pressure wave to obtain information related to the physical traits of the inspected sample. In the present work, a mid-level fusion approach is developed using simultaneously recorded laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and acoustic data to enhance the discrimination capabilities of different iron-based and calcium-based mineral phases, which exhibit nearly identical spectral features. To do so, the mid-level data fusion approach is applied concatenating the principal components analysis (PCA)-LIBS score values with the acoustic wave peak-to-peak amplitude and with the intraposition signal change, represented as the slope of the acoustic signal amplitude with respect to the laser shot. The discrimination hit rate of the mineral phases is obtained using linear discriminant analysis. Owing to the increasing interest for in situ applications of LIBS + acoustics information, samples are inspected in a remote experimental configuration and under two different atmospheric traits, Earth and Mars-like conditions, to validate the approach. Particularities conditioning the response of both strategies under each atmosphere are discussed to provide insight to better exploit the complex phenomena resulting in the collected signals. Results reported herein demonstrate for the first time that the characteristic sample input in the laser-produced acoustic wave can be used for the creation of a statistical descriptor to synergistically improve the capabilities of LIBS of differentiation of rocksFundings for this work were provided by the projects UMA18-FEDERJA-272 from the Junta de Andalucía and PID2020-119185GB-I00 from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain. P.P. is grateful to the Junta de Andalucía for his contract under the program Garantía Juvenil. Universidad de Málaga / CBUA"

Impact of vesicular stomatitis virus M proteins on different cellular functions

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Three different matrix (M) proteins termed M1, M2 and M3 have been described in cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Individual expression of VSV M proteins induces an evident cytopathic effect including cell rounding and detachment, in addition to a partial inhibition of cellular protein synthesis, likely mediated by an indirect mechanism. Analogous to viroporins, M1 promotes the budding of new virus particles; however, this process does not produce an increase in plasma membrane permeability. In contrast to M1, M2 and M3 neither interact with the cellular membrane nor promote the budding of double membrane vesicles at the cell surface. Nonetheless, all three species of M protein interfere with the transport of cellular mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and also modulate the redistribution of the splicing factor. The present findings indicate that all three VSV M proteins share some activities that interfere with host cell functions.This study was supported by a DGICYT (Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica). Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain grant (BFU2012-31861). The Institutional Grant awarded to the Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM) by the Fundación Ramón Areces is acknowledged.Peer Reviewe

Melanosis inhibition and SO2 residual levels in shrimps (Parapenaeus longirostris) after different sulfite-based treatments

The effectiveness of different sulfite-based treatments to prevent melanosis in fresh deepwater pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) was evaluated. Increasing the concentration of sulfites, different methods of application (immersion and dust) and synergy with other compounds, such as citric acid and chelants, were investigated. The level of SO2 residues in the muscle was determined in a selection of the most effective treatments. One-hour dip treatment with 50 g kg-1 sulfite, together with citric acid and chelants, was effective for melanosis prevention for at least one week. With this treatment, the statutory limit of 0.3 g kg -1 SO2 in edible part was not exceeded by the majority of samples analysed. © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry.Peer Reviewe

2D Blue native SDS-PAGE analysis of multiprotein complexex of human erythrocyte membrane

Comunicaciones a congreso

La institucionalización de la Comarca en la Región de Murcia en la perspectiva de la reforma estatutaria

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Analysis of human erythrocyte membrane and cytosolic sub-proteomes by 2-DE

Comunicaciones a congreso

Enantiomeric separation of organophosphorus pesticides by capillary electrophoresis. Application to the determination of malathion in water samples after preconcentration by off-line solid-phase extraction

The separation of the enantiomers of a group of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) has been investigated by electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) using different anionic cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. The use of a 25 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.0), 20 mM in CM-β-CD together with an applied voltage of 24 kV and a temperature of 25 °C enabled the individual enantiomeric separation of malathion and phenthoate each one into its two enantiomers, the partial separation of the enantiomers of phenamiphos and the separation of three of the four enantiomers of isomalathion. Since naled is very reactive in aqueous solutions, its enantiomeric separation achieved in about 8 min in 25 mM borate buffer at pH 9 with 10 mM CM-β-CD resulted in the observation of a broad peak due to degradation products. A preconcentration step by disk solid-phase extraction was studied and used together with the chiral EKC method developed for the enantiomeric separation of malathion in order to determine this pesticide in tap water samples spiked at the μg mL−1 level. Finally, the precision and recovery of the method was established.Authors thank the Ministry of Science and Technology (Spain) for the research project BQU2003-03638. C. García Ruiz also thanks this Ministry for the Ramón y Cajal program (RYC-2003-001

Academic Performance of Primary School-aged Students in Spain and Colombia: A Comparative Analysis

One of the challenges of education is to ensure that students are competent in society, which demands not only cognitive, but also emotional and social skills. This study aims to analyze and compare the academic performance (grades, reading comprehension, multiple intelligence, and creativity) of Spanish and Colombian students ages 6–9. The non-experimental design consisted of a descriptive, correlational, and comparative study of two groups (Spanish and Colombian students). At the descriptive level, the sample attained medium and medium-high levels on all variables. We found relationships between most of the variables analyzed. In terms of the comparison made, Colombian students achieved higher levels in performance on the degree of reorganization of reading information and creativity. In contrast, Spanish students scored higher on literal, critical, and inferential understanding. The study provides clear evidence of the importance and necessity of providing an integrated intervention regarding the analyzed variables in order to optimize the general performance.2021-2