The Impact of Export and Import to Economic Growth of Ghana

International trade is a cross-border exchange of goods and services. It is the commonest form of international trade activity, which has been instrumental in modifying world history. The overall objective of this study is to identify and quantify the impacts of exports and imports on Ghana's economic growth from 1998 to 2018. Through the unit root and cointegration test, through the first-order difference cointegration variable stability and long-term equilibrium relationship. There is no significant causal relationship between imports in international trade and Ghana’s GDP growth. Exports have a significant causal relationship with Ghana’s GDP growth, such as cocoa. The exchange rate and inflation rate are not Granger causal causes of GDP. Conversely, GDP is indeed the Granger causal cause of exchange rate and inflation rate. Keywords：Impact; Export; Import; Economic growth; Ghana. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-21-15 Publication date:July 31st 202

Tissue and Process Specific microRNA–mRNA Co-Expression in Mammalian Development and Malignancy

An association between enrichment and depletion of microRNA (miRNA) binding sites, 3′ UTR length, and mRNA expression has been demonstrated in various developing tissues and tissues from different mature organs; but functional, context-dependent miRNA regulations have yet to be elucidated. Towards that goal, we examined miRNA–mRNA interactions by measuring miRNA and mRNA in the same tissue during development and also in malignant conditions. We identified significant miRNA-mediated biological process categories in developing mouse cerebellum and lung using non-targeted mRNA expression as the negative control. Although miRNAs in general suppress target mRNA messages, many predicted miRNA targets demonstrate a significantly higher level of co-expression than non-target genes in developing cerebellum. This phenomenon is tissue specific since it is not observed in developing lungs. Comparison of mouse cerebellar development and medulloblastoma demonstrates a shared miRNA–mRNA co-expression program for brain-specific neurologic processes such as synaptic transmission and exocytosis, in which miRNA target expression increases with the accumulation of multiple miRNAs in developing cerebellum and decreases with the loss of these miRNAs in brain tumors. These findings demonstrate the context-dependence of miRNA–mRNA co-expression

Highly tunable hybrid metamaterials employing split-ring resonators strongly coupled to graphene surface plasmons

Metamaterials and plasmonics are powerful tools for unconventional manipulation and harnessing of light. Metamaterials can be engineered to possess intriguing properties lacking in natural materials, such as negative refractive index. Plasmonics offers capabilities to confine light in subwavelength dimensions and to enhance light-matter interactions. Recently,graphene-based plasmonics has revealed emerging technological potential as it features large tunability, higher field-confinement and lower loss compared to metal-based plasmonics. Here,we introduce hybrid structures comprising graphene plasmonic resonators efficiently coupled to conventional split-ring resonators, thus demonstrating a type of highly tunable metamaterial, where the interaction between the two resonances reaches the strong-coupling regime. Such hybrid metamaterials are employed as high-speed THz modulators, exhibiting over 60% transmission modulation and operating speed in excess of 40 MHz. This device concept also provides a platform for exploring cavity-enhanced light-matter interactions and optical processes in graphene plasmonic structures for applications including sensing, photo-detection and nonlinear frequency generation

Situation-aware routing based on link quality for static mesh networks with mobile nodes

Situation-aware routing seeks to improve quality of service on hybrid wireless mesh networks by making routing decisions based on the current situation of the network. BATMAN-adv is a mesh routing protocol that counts beacons as a link quality metric. We modified BATMAN-adv to give more recently received beacons more weight, thereby giving a more precise indication of the current state of a link. We then compared the original protocol with our modification in a small laboratory test bed. Results show little relation between jitter and packet loss. Jitter is, however, proportional to throughput. The average throughput achieved on both protocols was almost the same but we noticed that the throughput on our modified version increases as the network grows. Our protocol modification suffered from packet loss at low bandwidth rates but this reduces as the transfer rate increases and buffer size shrinks. We conclude that our situationaware protocol modification shows potential to address issues pertaining to scalable and congested static mesh networks with mobile nodes.Telkom, Cisco, Aria Technologies, THRIPDepartment of HE and Training approved lis

Bíborsügérek (Hemichromis guttatus Günther, 1862) a Hévízi-tó termálvizében = Jewel cichlids (Hemichromis guttatus Günther, 1862) in thermal water of Lake Hévíz (Western Hungary)

Abstract—We contend that repeatability of execution times is crucial to the validity of testing of real-time systems. However, computer architecture designs fail to deliver repeatable timing, a consequence of aggressive techniques that improve averagecase performance. This paper introduces the Precision-Timed ARM (PTARM), a precision-timed (PRET) microarchitecture implementation that exhibits repeatable execution times without sacrificing performance. The PTARM employs a repeatable thread-interleaved pipeline with an exposed memory hierarchy, including a repeatable DRAM controller. Our benchmarks show an improved throughput compared to a single-threaded in-order five-stage pipeline, given sufficient parallelism in the software. I

Proactive Entrepreneurial Behaviour, Market Orientation, and Innovation Outcomes: A Study of Small- and Medium-sized Manufacturing Firms in the UK

Purpose Drawing from resource-based theory, the authors aim to study how and under what conditions small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) capitalise on their proactive entrepreneurial behaviour (PEB) to achieve new product development (NPD) performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors’ data were drawn from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 401 UK-based SMEs in the manufacturing sector. Findings The authors identify an upward curvilinear relationship between PEB and NPD performance. Taking a step further, the authors propose and confirm that this curvilinear association arises from, in part, SMEs’ innovation capability, which in turn translates into NPD performance. The authors also find that this upward curvilinear relationship between PEB and innovation capability flips to a downward curvilinear relationship when firms pursue a customer and competitor orientation. Originality/value This paper looks beyond the linear relationship that exists among entrepreneurial behaviour, market orientation and innovation outcomes