5 research outputs found

    Síntesis y caracterización del copolímero poli(metacrilato de metilo-estireno) obtenido mediante polimerización en suspensión

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    Se reporta el estudio del efecto de la composición del copolímero metacrilato de metilo (MMA) y estireno (STY) sobre la distribución de masas moleculares y la capacidad de embebimiento de los polímeros utilizados para cementos óseos. La síntesis de los copolímeros se llevó a cabo empleando la polimerización en suspensión. La fracción molar de MMA en la mezcla reaccionante (f.) se modificó entre 0,96 y 0,60. La composición real del copolímero fue analizada por RMN-H' y se determinó que variaba entre 0,98 y 0,76. Con el aumento de la concentración de STY en la mezcla reaccionante se obtuvieron disminuciones importantes en el peso molecular del copolímero. Los resultados indican que el copolímero de composición 0,80 MMA y 0,20 STY en la mezcla de alimentación resulta más apropiado para la preparación de cementos óseos. Se estudió el efecto de la velocidad de agitación (N) en el intervalo de 400 a 700 r/min sobre el tamaño de partícula. Se encontró que el aumento de N en el intervalo de 400 a 600 r/min produce una disminución significativa del tamaño de partícula. Sin embargo, la variación del tamaño de partícula con el aumento de N de 600 a 700 r/min fue poco significativa. Se comprobó que la relación entre el diámetro final promedio de las partículas y la velocidad de agitación puede ser descrita mediante la ecuación simplificada de Hopff. Los polímeros obtenidos con MMA/ST 0,8/0,2 y velocidades de agitación entre 600 y 700 r/min reúnen los requisitos de masas moleculares promedio

    Chitosan-Based Hemostatic Hydrogels: The Concept, Mechanism, Application, and Prospects

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    The design of new hemostatic materials to mitigate uncontrolled bleeding in emergencies is challenging. Chitosan-based hemostatic hydrogels have frequently been used for hemostasis due to their unique biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, injectability, and ease of handling. Moreover, chitosan (CS) absorbs red blood cells and activates platelets to promote hemostasis. Benefiting from these desired properties, the hemostatic application of CS hydrogels is attracting ever-increasing research attention. This paper reviews the recent research progress of CS-based hemostatic hydrogels and their advantageous characteristics compared to traditional hemostatic materials. The effects of the hemostatic mechanism, effects of deacetylation degree, relative molecular mass, and chemical modification on the hemostatic performance of CS hydrogels are summarized. Meanwhile, some typical applications of CS hydrogels are introduced to provide references for the preparation of efficient hemostatic hydrogels. Finally, the future perspectives of CS-based hemostatic hydrogels are presented

    The impact of COVID-19 on the well-being and cognition of older adults living in the United States and Latin America.

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    In the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults from vulnerable ethnoracial groups are at high risk of infection, hospitalization, and death. We aimed to explore the pandemic's impact on the well-being and cognition of older adults living in the United States (US), Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Peru. 1,608 (646 White, 852 Latino, 77 Black, 33 Asian; 72% female) individuals from the US and four Latin American countries aged ≥ 55 years completed an online survey regarding well-being and cognition during the pandemic between May and September 2020. Outcome variables (pandemic impact, discrimination, loneliness, purpose of life, subjective cognitive concerns) were compared across four US ethnoracial groups and older adults living in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Peru. Mean age for all participants was 66.7 ( = 7.7) years and mean education was 15.4 ( = 2.7) years. Compared to Whites, Latinos living in the US reported greater economic impact ( < .001,  = .031); while Blacks reported experiencing discrimination more often ( < .001,  = .050). Blacks and Latinos reported more positive coping ( < .001,  = 040). Compared to Latinos living in the US, Latinos in Chile, Mexico, and Peru reported greater pandemic impact, Latinos in Mexico and Peru reported more positive coping, Latinos in Argentina, Mexico, and Peru had greater economic impact, and Latinos in Argentina, Chile, and Peru reported less discrimination. The COVID-19 pandemic has differentially impacted the well-being of older ethnically diverse individuals in the US and Latin America. Future studies should examine how mediators like income and coping skills modify the pandemic's impact. Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Psychiatry
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