Brazilian Morus nigra

Morus nigra has been used popularly for several proposes, including diabetic. In an attempt to support medicinal value, the acute hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects of the ethanolic extract of Morus nigra (EEMn 200 or 400 mg/kg b.w.) were evaluated in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic treated for 14 days. Serum biochemical and antioxidant analysis were performed at the end of experiment. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 10th and 15th days. Chromatographic analysis by HPLC-DAD of EEMn was performed. Insulin was used as positive control to glycemic metabolism as well as fenofibrate to lipid metabolism. EEMn (400 mg/kg/day) reduced fasting and postprandial glycaemia, improved oral glucose tolerance, and reduced lipolysis and proteolysis in diabetic rats. EEMn decreased the blood levels of total cholesterol and increased HDL level when compared to the diabetic control rats. At higher levels, EEMn reduced triglycerides and VLDL levels in diabetic rats. Also, EEMn reduced malondialdehyde and increased the reduced glutathione levels in liver of diabetic rats. Chromatographic analysis identified the presence of the flavonoids rutin, isoquercetin, and kaempferitrin. Acute EEMn treatment reduced hyperglycemia, improved oral glucose tolerance, and minimized dyslipidemia and oxidative stress leading to a reduction in atherogenic index in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome after reinfection and vaccine breakthrough by the SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant in Brazil.

We describe a case of prolonged COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant in a fully vaccinated healthcare worker, 387 days after an infection caused by lineage B.1.1.33. Infections were confirmed by whole-genome sequencing and corroborated by the detection of neutralizing antibodies in convalescent serum samples. Considering the permanent exposure of this healthcare worker to SARS-CoV-2, the waning immunity after the first infection, the low efficacy of the inactivated vaccine at preventing COVID-19, the immune escape of the Gamma variant (VOC), and the burden of post-COVID syndrome, this individual would have benefited from an additional dose of a heterologous vaccine

Changes in species and functional composition along a hydrological gradient reveals multiple ecological strategies among graminoid communities in neotropical grasslands and savannas

In the study we investigate the role of hydrological conditions on the taxonomic and functional composition of graminoid communities in savannas and grasslands in central Brazil. In 18 sites along a gradient from prolonged waterlogging to five months of dry soil conditions, we obtained the cover of each grass and sedge species and measured leaf (specific leaf area, dry matter content, N and P content), root (specific length, diameter, tissue density), hydraulic (predawn and midday leaf water potential) and whole-individual (height, aboveground biomass, percent of green leaves at the dry season peak) traits of species accounting for 80% of the cover of graminoids (51 species). In each site we obtained soil properties and monitored water table depth and soil moisture for two consecutive years. The attached files include the data used for assessing the effect of abiotic variables (Abiotic_data) on the taxonomic (Taxonomic_data) and functional (Functional_data) of the 18 graminoid communities. </p

Caracterização e divergência genética de acessos de Passiflora edulis e P. cincinnata com base em características físicas e químicas de frutos

A caracterização tem sido efetuada em Coleções de Germoplasma, gerando informações sobre a descrição e a classificação do material conservado, para subsidiar programas de melhoramento genético, por identificar indivíduos desejáveis e quantificar a diversidade disponível. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se caracterizar e quantificar a divergência genética de acessos de Passiflora edulis e P. cincinnata com base em características físicas e químicas de fruto. O material genético utilizado constou de seis acessos provenientes do Banco de Germoplasma da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP. Os frutos foram avaliados com relação às características físicas: peso, tamanho e diâmetro do fruto, espessura da casca, número de sementes e rendimento de suco; e químicas: teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez total titulável. Os seis acessos diferiram com relação a todos os caracteres avaliados, indicando a presença de variabilidade genética e, consequentemente, a possibilidade de obtenção de ganhos genéticos com a seleção de genótipos superiores. A divergência genética entre os acessos foi analisada pelo método de agrupamento de Tocher, com o emprego da distância de Mahalanobis, como medida de dissimilaridade, formando-se dois grupos. As estimativas das correlações genéticas positivas mais elevadas, associadas ao rendimento de suco, foram com número de sementes/fruto, diâmetro do fruto, comprimento do fruto e peso do fruto. O método de Singh, utilizado para estimar a contribuição relativa de cada caráter na expressão da divergência genética entre os seis acessos, mostrou que o tamanho do fruto e o rendimento de suco foram as características que mais contribuíram, e que acidez total titulável apresentou menor contribuição

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data