28,242 research outputs found

    First minimum bias physics results at LHCb

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    The goal of the LHCb experiment is the indirect search for New Physics through precision measurements of B-decays. A short description of the detector and its performance after the first data taking in 2009 and 2010 will be presented. In addition first preliminary results of a Ks\rm K_{s} differential cross section measurement at a center of mass energy of s=900  GeV\sqrt{s} = 900\; \rm GeV and a measurement of the λˉλ\frac{\bar{\lambda}}{\lambda} production ratio at s=900  GeV\sqrt{s} = 900\; \rm GeV and s=7  TeV\sqrt{s} = 7\; \rm TeV will be discussed.Comment: Invited talk presented at the XVI International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (ISVHECRI 2010), Batavia, IL, USA (28 June {2 July 2010). 5 pages, 7 figure

    Self-aligning fixture used in lathe chuck jaw refacing

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    Self-aligning tool positions and rigidly holds lathe chuck jaws for refacing and truing of the clamping surface. The jaws clamp the fixture in the manner of clamping a workpiece. The fixture can be modified to accommodate four-jawed checks

    Born Out of This by Christine Lowther

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    Review of Christine Lowther\u27s Born Out of This

    Stochastic evolution equations for nonlinear filtering of random fields in the presence of fractional Brownian sheet observation noise

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    The problem of nonlinear filtering of a random field observed in the presence of a noise, modeled by a persistent fractional Brownian sheet of Hurst index (H1,H2)(H_1,H_2) with 0.5<H1,H2<10.5<H_1,H_2<1, is studied and a suitable version of the Bayes' formula for the optimal filter is obtained. Two types of spatial "fractional" analogues of the Duncan-Mortensen-Zakai equation are also derived: one tracks evolution of the unnormalized optimal filter along an arbitrary "monotone increasing" (in the sense of partial ordering in R2\mathbb{R}^2) one-dimensional curve in the plane, while the other describes dynamics of the filter along the paths that are truly two-dimensional. Although the paper deals with the two-dimensional parameter space, the presented approach and results extend to dd-parameter random fields with arbitrary d≄3d\geq 3.Comment: 24 page

    Legal Challenges and Market Rewards to the Use and Acceptance of Remote Sensing and Digital Information as Evidence

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    Bakgrund I den nutida forskningen Ă€r det essentiellt att företag tar hĂ€nsyn till medarbetarnas motivation sĂ„ att de gynnas av det arbetssĂ€tt som tillĂ€mpas. En arbetsmetod som blivit allt vanligare Ă€r konceptet Lean som ursprungligen kommer frĂ„n den japanska bilindustrin. Lean har idag utvecklats till ett allmĂ€ngiltigt koncept som tillĂ€mpas i flertalet branscher vĂ€rlden över. Trots att konceptet innebĂ€r flertalet positiva aspekter har det fĂ„tt utstĂ„ stark kritik nĂ€r det kommer till de mĂ€nskliga aspekterna och forskare har stĂ€llt sig frĂ„gan om Lean Ă€r "Mean". Kritiken hĂ€rleds frĂ€mst till medarbetares arbetsmiljö i form av stress och brist pĂ„ variation, sjĂ€lvbestĂ€mmande, hĂ€lsa och vĂ€lmĂ„ende. FĂ„ empiriska studier har dĂ€remot genomförts som undersöker konsekvenserna som Lean fĂ„r pĂ„ medarbetares upplevda motivation. Syfte VĂ„rt syfte Ă€r att undersöka och öka förstĂ„elsen för medarbetares upplevelser av motivationen i företag som tillĂ€mpar Lean. Vidare har studien för avsikt att utreda om det föreligger en paradox mellan Lean och vad som motiverar medarbetare pĂ„ en arbetsplats. Metod Studien har utgĂ„tt frĂ„n en kvalitativ metod via intervjuer. För att göra en djupare undersökning och analysera hur vĂ„rt fenomen, motivation, upplevs i en kontext med Lean tillĂ€mpade vi SmĂ„-N-studier. Vi har Ă€ven haft en iterativ forskningsansats som förenat den deduktiva och induktiva ansatsen dĂ€r studien pendlat mellan teorier och empiriska observationer fram tills det slutgiltiga resultatet. Slutsatser Utefter medarbetarnas upplevelser har vi identifierat att det inte föreligger nĂ„gon paradox mellan Lean och motivation eftersom övervĂ€gande antal medarbetare upplevde att de Ă€r motiverade Ă€ven om företaget tillĂ€mpar Lean. Dock har studien kunnat urskilja bĂ„de stödjande och motverkande faktorer nĂ€r det kommer till medarbetarnas upplevda arbetsförhĂ„llanden som i sin tur inverkar pĂ„ motivationen. De motverkande faktorerna menar vi frĂ€mst beror pĂ„ att arbetsförhĂ„llandena i somliga fall innehĂ„ller höga prestationskrav, mĂ„lstyrning samt standardiseringar. Vidare upplevs motivationen överlag som mer positiv nĂ€r företagen anvĂ€nder en mjukare form av Lean dĂ€r samtliga medlemmars intressen beaktas.Background In modern research, it is essential that companies consider employees’ motivation so that they benefit from the applied practices. A working method that has become increasingly common is the concept Lean, which has its origin in the Japanese automotive industry. Today, Lean has evolved into a universal concept that is applied in many industries worldwide. Although the concept involves numerous positive aspects it has endured strong criticism when it comes to the human aspects and researchers have raised the question if Lean is "Mean". Criticism is derived primarily to employees’ working conditions in terms of stress and lack, variation, autonomy, health and wellbeing. However, few empirical studies have been carried out that examines the impact that Lean has on employees’ experienced motivation. Aim The aim is to increase the understanding of employees’ experienced motivation in companies that practice Lean. Further on the study has the intention to investigate if there is a paradox between Lean and what motivates employees on work. Methodology The study has been conducted through a qualitative method by interviews and to be able to do a deeper examination and analyze how our phenomenon, motivation, is experienced in a Lean context we applied small-N-studies. Our strategy has been iterative, combining both a deductive and inductive approach, where the study has varied between theories and empirical observations until the final result. Conclusions We have identified that there is no paradox between Lean and motivation since the majority of employees’ experienced that they are motivated even though the company practice Lean. Nevertheless the study shows that there are both supportive and counteractive factors when it comes to the employees’ experienced working conditions. The counteractive factors consists foremost of high performance standards, goal steering and standardizations, and have in some cases a negative influence on the working conditions. Furthermore the experienced motivation is more positive overall when the companies use a softer form of Lean where all the members’ interests are taken into account

    Manual for Administrative Law Judges. By Merritt Ruhlen

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    Platta pĂ„ mark Ă€r en av de vanligaste grundkonstruktionerna i Sverige idag, dĂ€r ett stortproblem Ă€r uppkomsten av oönskade sprickor. En vanlig orsak till att betongplattor spricker Ă€rförhindrad krympning pĂ„ grund av tvĂ„ng. För platta pĂ„ mark Ă€r det undergrund, plintar ochvoter som skapar tvĂ„nget i plattan dĂ„ den fria krympningen delvis blir förhindrad av denfriktion som skapas mellan konstruktion och undergrund. Det har lĂ€nge antagits att tvĂ„nget ien platta pĂ„ mark ökar med plattstorleken, men storleken pĂ„ ökningen har varit okĂ€nd. Syftetmed detta arbete Ă€r att med hjĂ€lp av FEM-analys ta reda pĂ„ vilket tvĂ„ng som bildas i en plattapĂ„ mark pĂ„ grund av gradientkrympning för olika undergrunder.För att kunna verifiera resultaten frĂ„n FEM-analysen har tvĂ„ olika program anvĂ€nds,Cervenka Consultings Atena och StruSofts FEM-design. I Atena var det endast möjligt attskapa en 2D-modell av problemet och dĂ€rför anvĂ€ndes bĂ„de en 2D- och 3D-modell i FEMdesignför att lĂ€ttare kunna jĂ€mföra de tvĂ„ programmen. De olika undergrunderna somundersöktes var 2 och 5 m djup sand, 1 m djup packad sprĂ€ngbotten, voter med 2 m djup sandoch fast inspĂ€nda plintar med storlekarna 0,5!0,5 och 1,0!1,0 m2 med 2 m djup sand ovanberg. För de tre första fallen undersöktes fyra plattstorlekar, 5!5, 10!10, 30!30 och 50!50m2, för att kunna bedöma en skalfaktor av krafttvĂ„nget. Den utbredda lasten som belastade enplatta var satt till 40 kN/m2 för alla modeller, men sĂ€nktes Ă€ven till en tiondel för tvĂ„plattstorlekar för att se hur stor inverkan den utbredda lasten hade pĂ„ krafttvĂ„nget. FEMmodellernavar enbart utsatta för konstant krympning medan gradientdelen av krympningenberĂ€knades teoretiskt och adderades till slutresultatet. Armeringshalter och sprickbredderberĂ€knades i StruSofts Concrete Section, som belastningssprickor, utifrĂ„n det sammanlagdaresultatet av en konstant krympning och en gradientkrympning. Sprickbredder har berĂ€knatsför krympning efter ett Ă„r med aktuellt kryptal. Den betong som anvĂ€ndes var byggbetongmed hĂ„llfasthetsklass C35/45. Den fria krympningen, !cs, berĂ€knades till 0,44 ! normenligtutifrĂ„n Eurokod 2.Som förvĂ€ntat ökade krafttvĂ„nget med plattbredden, dĂ€r ökningen var störst för den styvaundergrunden av packad sprĂ€ngbotten. Det som pĂ„verkades minst av den styva undergrundenvar skillnaden i krafttvĂ„ng för olika storlekar pĂ„ den utbredda lasten, dĂ€r skillnaden ikrafttvĂ„ng minskade för ökad plattbredd. Ett annat förvĂ€ntat resultat var att plintar och voterbidrog till ett större krafttvĂ„ng Ă€n ett flytande golv. En 2D-modell visade sig vararepresentativ för en platta av mindre bredd. Översteg plattstorleken 10x10 m2 var en 3DmodellnödvĂ€ndig för att erhĂ„lla ett med verkligheten bĂ€ttre överensstĂ€mande resultat.Resultaten frĂ„n de tvĂ„ FEM-programmen skilde sig vĂ€sentligt Ă„t, sĂ„ för att pĂ„ ett sĂ€kert sĂ€ttarbeta med FEM-program mĂ„ste rimlighetsbedömningar kunna genomföras. Resultaten visadeĂ€ven att plattor, som var utformade som flytande golv, med en plattbredd under 40 m mediisand som undergrund inte behöver armeras med hĂ€nsyn till gradientkrympning. För enundergrund av packad sprĂ€ngbotten gĂ„r grĂ€nsen vid en plattbredd pĂ„ 25 m. Det Ă€r dĂ€rförmöjligt att gjuta relativt stora plattor utan armering. En viktig del för att undvikasprickbildning Ă€r att gjutningen sker omsorgsfullt dĂ€r uttorkningen kan ske underkontrollerade förhĂ„llanden och betongreceptet uppfyller normens vĂ€rden pĂ„ krympning

    Making Government Work

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    For a city or state government to be viable in the last decade of the 20th century, elected leaders must view modern management as a crusade. The work force must receive fair and equitable compensation, and all must be committed to constant quality improvement. Newspapers, magazines, radio and television must report the success stories and the failures. Taxpayers must understand that government services can improve, and the leaders must be held accountable. This is possible throughout the country but it will not happen unless an educated electorate demands it and the elected officials understand the stakes and urgency involved

    Measurement-based reliability prediction methodology

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    In the past, analytical and measurement based models were developed to characterize computer system behavior. An open issue is how these models can be used, if at all, for system design improvement. The issue is addressed here. A combined statistical/analytical approach to use measurements from one environment to model the system failure behavior in a new environment is proposed. A comparison of the predicted results with the actual data from the new environment shows a close correspondence

    Market Size in Innovation: Theory and Evidence From the Pharmaceutical Industry

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    This paper investigates the effect of (potential) market size on entry of new drugs and pharmaceutical innovation. Focusing on exogenous changes driven by U.S. demographic trends, we find that a 1 percent increase in the potential market size for a drug category leads to a 4 to 6 percent increase in the number of new drugs in that category. This response comes from both the entry of generic drugs and new non-generic drugs, and is generally robust to controlling for a variety of non-profit factors, pre-existing trends
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