Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

The early response genes c-jun and HSP-70 are induced in regional cardiac stunning in conscious mammals

AbstractObjectives: A reversible contractile dysfunction without necrosis after transient myocardial ischemia has been termed stunning . The molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are only now beginning to be unraveled. It is conceivable that the expression of early-response genes may play a crucial role in stunning. Methods: The expression of HSP-70, c-jun, and GRP-94 was investigated in a chronically instrumented dog model (n = 9). The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded temporarily for 10 minutes after the animals had fully recovered from instrumentation. The wall thickening fraction was measured in the left anterior descending coronary artery and the nonischemic ramus circumflex of the left coronary artery–perfused region. When the wall thickening fraction of the left anterior descending coronary artery had recovered to 50% of preocclusion values, tissue samples were obtained from the areas perfused by the left anterior descending coronary artery and the nonischemic ramus circumflex of the left coronary artery. Results: The messenger RNA of HSP-70 was increased to 214% ± 26% in the area perfused by the left anterior descending artery compared with that perfused by the nonischemic ramus circumflex of the left coronary artery. There was no difference in the messenger RNA of GRP-94. The HSP-70 content was elevated to 130% ± 14% in the left anterior descending artery compared with the area perfused by the ramus circumflex of the left coronary artery, and the c-jun protein content was 70% ± 25% higher in the ischemic area compared with the control area. Conclusions: The induction of early-response genes observed here may indicate that they play an adaptive role in myocardial stunning, even in conscious mammals. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;119:820-5

La Frailesca, «el granero de Chiapas»: destrozos y alternativas

Este libro muestra sin eufemismos «los destrozos» causados por el modelo productivo y económico global que se impone casi ineluctablemente en todas las regiones del orbe. Al mismo tiempo recoge las alternativas construidas desde lo local que podrían llamarse metafóricamente «los recovecos verdes» de La Frailesca, donde se constata la puesta en marcha de innovaciones tecnosociales, por las cuales se puede eliminar la dependencia artificial a los insumos químicos con una serie de técnicas orientadas a considerar la biología como factor productivo del suelo, las cuales, a su vez, pueden suprimir las cargas económicas y ambientales innecesarias asumidas por los productores. En esta obra los coordinadores se posicionan con una acción concreta para remarcar la importancia de dar voz, de tomar en cuenta y de poner en valor lo que están haciendo los agricultores, ganaderos y la población de los territorios rurales para hacer posibles los procesos de reconfiguración agroecológica en esta fecunda región llamada La Frailesca, «el granero de Chiapas».</jats:p