Science and Technology in the Production of Indigo and Cochineal Dye in Colonial Rio de Janeiro (1772-1789)

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no contexto da diversificação agrícola para exportação que ocorreu no Rio de Janeiro da segunda metade do Século XVIII. O objetivo do artigo é resgatar os processos técnicos e científicos que estavam associados as culturas do corante de anil e da cochonilha. Um conjunto de fontes –cartas, memórias e instruções– nos demonstrou que houve um empenho de décadas para se estabelecer o método correto da produção dos corantes, bem como apontando para um saber que se constituiu em solo colonial com pouca influência metropolitana. Nesse sentido, este texto contribui para os trabalhos atuais que pretendem revisar as atividades científicas do homem colonial.This paper engages the context of the agricultural export diversification that occurred in Rio de Janeiro during the second half of the 18th century. The purpose of this article is to rescue the technical and scientific processes that were associated with the production of indigo and cochineal dye. A set of sources –letters, memories and instructions– demonstrate that for decades there was a commitment to establish a correct method of production of dyes, which indicates a knowledge elaborated in colonial soil with little metropolitan influence. In this sense, this paper contributes to current research that intends to review scientific activities of colonial men

Phase diagram of a 2D Ising model within a nonextensive approach

In this work we report Monte Carlo simulations of a 2D Ising model, in which the statistics of the Metropolis algorithm is replaced by the nonextensive one. We compute the magnetization and show that phase transitions are present for $q\neq 1$. A $q -$ phase diagram (critical temperature vs. the entropic parameter $q$) is built and exhibits some interesting features, such as phases which are governed by the value of the entropic index $q$. It is shown that such phases favors some energy levels of magnetization states. It is also showed that the contribution of the Tsallis cutoff is essential to the existence of phase transitions

Constraining nonextensive statistics with plasma oscillation data

We discuss experimental constraints on the free parameter of the nonextensive kinetic theory from measurements of the thermal dispersion relation in a collisionless plasma. For electrostatic plane-wave propagation, we show through a statistical analysis that a good agreement between theory and experiment is possible if the allowed values of the $q$-parameter are restricted by $q=0.77 \pm 0.03$ at 95% confidence level (or equivalently, $2-q = 1.23$, in the largely adopted convention for the entropy index $q$). Such a result rules out (by a large statistical margin) the standard Bohm-Gross dispersion relation which is derived assuming that the stationary Maxwellian distribution ($q=1$) is the unperturbed solution.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Simulation of the two-dimensional Potts model using nonextensive statistics

The standard Potts model is investigated in the framework of nonextensive statistical mechanics. We performed Monte Carlo simulations on two-dimensional lattices with linear sizes ranging from 16 to 64 using the Metropolis algorithm, where the classical Boltzmann-Gibbs transition probabilities were modified for the nonextensive case. We found that the Potts model undergoes a phase transition in the nonextensive scenario. We established the order of the phase transition and we computed the critical temperature for different values of the Tsallis entropic index.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figures, REVTe

A synchronous cooperative architecture for the PROSOFT software engineering environment

This paper shows the evolution of a software engineering environment (SEE) called PROSOFT to support the formal development of groupware applications. This environment, which is centered in the data-driven approach for software development, evolved to support cooperation in the software development process. Its transition is founded in a client/server communication model called Distributed PROSOFT that provides software mechanisms to permit concurrent use of the environment resources. Thus, this paper presents a formal model that provides an object middleware with synchronous handling and version support for the objects created with the software tools integrated to the environment. Cooperative PROSOFT is presented as an architecture for the formal development of groupware applications that permits the formal validation of cooperative applications specified under its paradigm. A consequence of this work is the integration of the advantages found in formal specification techniques to the groupware development that provides the development of higher quality groupware applications than those obtained with the use of traditional techniques.Ingeniería de SoftwareRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Financing decisions in family businesses: the Portuguese example

In a context of extreme significance of family businesses in the Portuguese business fabric and their representativeness in terms of GDP and employability, it is essential to assess the financing options and resources availability, as well as the determinants behind these firms' decision making process. This study aims to prove the suitability of the Pecking Order Theory and Trade-Off Theory to a sample of 460 Portuguese family businesses. Proven assumptions concern the existance of a negative relationship between age and debt and also between profitability (ROA) and debt ratio, which proves the adequacy of two premisses inherent to the Pecking Order Theory for our sample. According to the literature, this negative relationship between variables might be consequence of a preference for this kind of businesses to resort to internal financing as the first option when considering financing options, in order to preserve family reputation, control and ownership and also heritage perpetuation.Num contexto de extrema significância das empresas familiares no tecido empresarial português e da sua representatividade em termos de PIB e empregabilidade, torna-se essencial aferir as opções de financiamento e recursos de que dispõem, bem como as determinantes por detrás do processo de tomada de decisão destas empresas. Este estudo pretende aferir a adequação da "Pecking Order Theory" e da "Trade-Off Theory" numa amostra de 460 empresas familiares portuguesas. Os pressupostos comprovados dizem respeito à existência de uma relação negativa entre a idade e a dívida e, ainda, entre o ROA e o rácio de dívida, o que prova a adequação de duas premissas inerentes à "Pecking Order Theory" para a nossa amostra. De acordo com a literatura, esta relação negativa entre as variáveis pode ser consequência de uma preferência por parte deste tipo de empresas em recorrer a recursos internos, enquanto primeira opção na hora de considerar o financiamento, a fim de preservar a reputação, controlo e propriedade famíliar, bem como a perpetuação do seu património

Data Labeling tools for Computer Vision: a Review

Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Data Science and Advanced Analytics, specialization in Data ScienceLarge volumes of labeled data are required to train Machine Learning models in order to solve today’s computer vision challenges. The recent exacerbated hype and investment in Data Labeling tools and services has led to many ad-hoc labeling tools. In this review, a detailed comparison between a selection of data labeling tools is framed to ensure the best software choice to holistically optimize the data labeling process in a Computer Vision problem. This analysis is built on multiple domains of features and functionalities related to Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing, Automation, and Quality Assurance, enabling its application to the most prevalent data labeling use cases across the scientific community and global market

Proposta de Programação para a Emissora de Rádio Educativa e Oportunidades de Promoção Institucional para a Universidade Regional de Blumenau

O presente trabalho faz uma reflexão sobre as oportunidades de promoção institucional que a instalação de uma emissora de rádio educativa podem proporcionar à entidade mantenedora. A partir do estudo de caso da Furb FM, emissora mantida pela Furb – Universidade Regional de Blumenau, os autores avaliam que o rádio constitui um canal de comunicação privilegiado para o diálogo da instituição com os seus diferentes públicos. As características da programação educativa favorecem a divulgação sistemática das atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão da universidade e, conseqüentemente, a manutenção da imagem corporativa da organização. Com este fim, o trabalho propõe uma grade de programação que articula a finalidade educativa dos programas com os benefícios institucionais da sua oferta. As conclusões aqui apresentadas são uma primeira reflexão sobre o tema, mas se pode supor que os seus resultados se aplicam a outras universidades que mantêm serviços de natureza semelhante