Manifestation of Chaos in Real Complex Systems: Case of Parkinson's Disease

In this chapter we present a new approach to the study of manifestations of chaos in real complex system. Recently we have achieved the following result. In real complex systems the informational measure of chaotic chatacter (IMC) can serve as a reliable quantitative estimation of the state of a complex system and help to estimate the deviation of this state from its normal condition. As the IMC we suggest the statistical spectrum of the non-Markovity parameter (NMP) and its frequency behavior. Our preliminary studies of real complex systems in cardiology, neurophysiology and seismology have shown that the NMP has diverse frequency dependence. It testifies to the competition between Markovian and non-Markovian, random and regular processes and makes a crossover from one relaxation scenario to the other possible. On this basis we can formulate the new concept in the study of the manifestation of chaoticity. We suggest the statistical theory of discrete non-Markov stochastic processes to calculate the NMP and the quantitative evaluation of the IMC in real complex systems. With the help of the IMC we have found out the evident manifestation of chaosity in a normal (healthy) state of the studied system, its sharp reduction in the period of crises, catastrophes and various human diseases. It means that one can appreciably improve the state of a patient (of any system) by increasing the IMC of the studied live system. The given observation creates a reliable basis for predicting crises and catastrophes, as well as for diagnosing and treating various human diseases, Parkinson's disease in particular.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables. To be published in "The Logistic Map and the Route to Chaos: From the Beginnings to the Modern Applications", eds. by M. Ausloos, M. Dirickx, pp. 175-196, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (2006

Idade Precoce De Início Da Atividade Sexual Está Associada A Elevada Prevalência De Lesão Intraepitelial Escamosa De Alto Grau

To evaluate the association of age at first sexual intercourse with the results of the cervicovaginal cytology. Study Design Observational analytical study about the prevalence of altered cervicovaginal cytology results in women aged between 18 and 34 years from a densely populated area in Brazil, during 10 years. The patients were stratified into 2 categories according to their age at first sexual intercourse (13–16 years and 17–24 years). Results From the total of 2,505,154 exams, 898,921 tests were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Considering women with 4 years or less from the first sexual intercourse as a reference, those with 5 to 9 years and 10 years or more showed a higher prevalence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). Women with an earlier onset of sexual intercourse (13–16 years) showed higher prevalence ratios for atypical squamous cells (ASC), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and HSIL. The prevalence ratio for HSIL adjusted by age at diagnosis and by age at first sexual intercourse was higher only for women with an earlier onset of sexual intercourse. Conclusions The age of first sexual intercourse could be a variable that might qualify the selection among young women who are really at a higher risk for HSIL. © 2017 by Thieme-Revinter Publicações Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.3928085UNICAMP, Universidade Estadual de Campina

PERFIL NUTRICIONAL DE HIPERTENSOS EM ACOMPANHAMENTO EM UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO LUÍS – MA

A Hipertensão Arterial (HA) é considerada um problema de saúde pública, muitas vezes assintomática e de difícil controle, que pode levar a seqüelas irreversíveis.  O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar de pacientes hipertensos. Realizou-se um estudo transversal, com pacientes hipertensos cadastrados no programa HiperDia (MS), em acompanhamento em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde, em São Luis – MA, no período de fevereiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2011. Foram analisados dados socioeconômicos, demográfcos, estilo de vida, antropométricos e dietéticos. Para avaliar o estado nutricional foram utilizados o Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC) e a Circunferência da Cintura (CC), segundo as recomendações propostas pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Para avaliar o consumo energético e de nutrientes foi utilizado o método do registro alimentar de três dias, transformados posteriormente em recordatório alimentar de 24 horas (R24h). Foram avaliados 184 pacientes, com média de idade de 60,8 ± 12,9 anos, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (76,6%), de cor não branca (85,9%), com menos de oito anos de escolaridade (75%) e com renda familiar inferior a quatro salários mínimos (53,3%). Quanto ao estilo de vida, 94,6% não fumavam, 80,4% não ingeriam bebida alcoólica e 77,6% eram sedentários. Houve prevalência de excesso de peso entre a amostra estudada (69,0%). A proporção de pacientes com obesidade abdominal foi de 54,3%, com maior frequência entre as mulheres (64,5%). Os percentuais de macronutrientes encontraram-se adequados, entretanto, o consumo energético e de fbra encontraram-se abaixo do recomendado, segundo as DRI’s (2002). Assim, houve predomínio de excesso de peso e de obesidade abdominal e o consumo energético foi inadequado para ambos os sexos.Descritores: Hipertensão Arterial; Estado Nutricional; Consumo Alimentar; Macronutrientes. Abstract:   Arterial Hypertension (AH) is considered a problem of public health, often asymptomatic and diffcult to control, which can lead to irreversible sequels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and dietary intake of hypertensive patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study with hypertensive patients enrolled in the program HiperDia (MS), followed in two Basic Health Units in São Luis - MA, from February 2010 to January 2011. We analyzed the data on socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric and dietary factors. To evaluate the nutritional status, it was used the body mass index (BMI) and also the waist circumference (WC), according to the recommendations proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The energy and nutrients evaluation was evaluated by using the method of three-day food record, subsequently processed into 24-hour dietary recall (24HR). We appraised 184 patients with a mean age of 60.8 ± 12.9 years, mostly female (76.6%), non-Caucasian (85.9%), with less than eight years of schooling (75%) and household income less than four minimum salaries (53.3%). About the  lifestyle, 94.6% did not smoke, 80.4% did not drink alcohol and 77.6% were sedentary. There was a prevalence of overweight among the study sample (69.0%), no statistically signifcant difference between sexes. Regarding the distribution of body fat, the proportion of patients with abdominal obesity was 54.3%, according to waist circumference, more frequently among women (64.5%). The percentages of macronutrients found to be adequate, but, energy consumption and fber were under the recommended ones, according to DRI’s (2002). Thus, there was a predominance of overweight and abdominal obesity and caloric intake was inadequate for both sexes.Descriptors: Hypertension; Nutritional Status; Food Consumption; Macronutrients

Hidratação adequada em meio escolar

Publicação no âmbito do Programa Nacional para a Promoção da Alimentação Saudável da DGS.Nota introdutória: O consumo regular de água é fundamental para promover uma alimentação saudável.Somos constituídos essencialmente por água, sendo por isso essencial à vida. A água é a principal constituinte celular, serve de meio de transporte dos nutrientes e está envolvida em todas as reações metabólicas do organismo.A não ingestão de água torna mais difícil a regulação da temperatura corporal e o normal funcionamento dos órgãos, dificultando o controlo do peso corporal.A desidratação, provocada pela ausência da ingestão de líquidos ao longo do dia e, emparticular, quando a atividade física aumenta, pode ser responsável por sintomas como dores de cabeça e cansaço afetando também a capacidade de concentração, atenção e memória.Apesar do consumo regular de água ser determinante para a saúde, bem-estar e sucesso das crianças em idade escolar, são ainda escassas as intervenções públicas em defesa do seu consumo na escola. Quando a água não está disponível diariamente no espaço escolar ou o seu acesso é limitado, há uma natural tendência para substituir o seu consumo por outrasbebidas que além de mais caras são ricas em açúcares e contribuem para o aparecimento de cárie dentária, obesidade e todo um conjunto de doenças associadas.Com esta publicação pretende-se, de forma simples, explicar as vantagens da ingestão de água e fazer sugestões para uma promoção efetiva do seu consumo em meio escolar.Confiamos na sua utilidade para tornar as escolas e os locais frequentados por crianças espaços promotores da sua saúde e bem-estar

Nonequilibrium statistical operator method in the Renyi statistics

The generalization of the Zubarev nonequilibrium statistical operator method for the case of Renyi statistics is proposed when the relevant statistical operator (or distribution function) is obtained based on the principle of maximum for the Renyi entropy. The nonequilibrium statistical operator and corresponding generalized transport equations for the reduced-description parameters are obtained. A consistent description of kinetic and hydrodynamic processes in the system of interacting particles is considered as an example.Comment: 13 pages, RevTeX4-forma

Einstein energy associated with the Friedmann -Robertson -Walker metric

Following Einstein's definition of Lagrangian density and gravitational field energy density (Einstein, A., Ann. Phys. Lpz., 49, 806 (1916); Einstein, A., Phys. Z., 19, 115 (1918); Pauli, W., {\it Theory of Relativity}, B.I. Publications, Mumbai, 1963, Trans. by G. Field), Tolman derived a general formula for the total matter plus gravitational field energy ($P_0$) of an arbitrary system (Tolman, R.C., Phys. Rev., 35(8), 875 (1930); Tolman, R.C., {\it Relativity, Thermodynamics & Cosmology}, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1962)); Xulu, S.S., arXiv:hep-th/0308070 (2003)). For a static isolated system, in quasi-Cartesian coordinates, this formula leads to the well known result $P_0 = \int \sqrt{-g} (T_0^0 - T_1^1 -T_2^2 -T_3^3) ~d^3 x$, where $g$ is the determinant of the metric tensor and $T^a_b$ is the energy momentum tensor of the {\em matter}. Though in the literature, this is known as "Tolman Mass", it must be realized that this is essentially "Einstein Mass" because the underlying pseudo-tensor here is due to Einstein. In fact, Landau -Lifshitz obtained the same expression for the "inertial mass" of a static isolated system without using any pseudo-tensor at all and which points to physical significance and correctness of Einstein Mass (Landau, L.D., and Lifshitz, E.M., {\it The Classical Theory of Fields}, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 2th ed., 1962)! For the first time we apply this general formula to find an expression for $P_0$ for the Friedmann- Robertson -Walker (FRW) metric by using the same quasi-Cartesian basis. As we analyze this new result, physically, a spatially flat model having no cosmological constant is suggested. Eventually, it is seen that conservation of $P_0$ is honoured only in the a static limit.Comment: By mistake a marginally different earlier version was loaded, now the journal version is uploade

Beneficial effects of the activation of the Angiotensin-(1-7) MAS receptor in a murine model of adriamycin-induced nephropathy

Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is a biologically active heptapeptide that may counterbalance the physiological actions of angiotensin II (Ang II) within the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Here, we evaluated whether activation of the Mas receptor with the oral agonist, AVE 0991, would have renoprotective effects in a model of adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy. We also evaluated whether the Mas receptor contributed for the protective effects of treatment with AT1 receptor blockers. ADR (10 mg/kg) induced significant renal injury and dysfunction that was maximal at day 14 after injection. Treatment with the Mas receptor agonist AVE 0991 improved renal function parameters, reduced urinary protein loss and attenuated histological changes. Renoprotection was associated with reduction in urinary levels of TGF-{beta}. Similar renoprotection was observed after treatment with the AT1 receptor antagonist, Losartan. AT1 and Mas receptor mRNA levels dropped after ADR administration and treatment with losartan reestablished the expression of Mas receptor and increased the expression of ACE2. ADR-induced nephropathy was similar in wild type (Mas(+/+)) and Mas knockout (Mas (-/-)) mice, suggesting there was no endogenous role for Mas receptor activation. However, treatment with Losartan was able to reduce renal injury only in Mas(+/+) , but not in Mas (-/-) mice. Therefore, these findings suggest that exogenous activation of the Mas receptor protects from ADR-induced nephropathy and contributes to the beneficial effects of AT1 receptor blockade. Medications which target specifically the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis may offer new therapeutic opportunities to treat human nephropathies

Health Related Quality Of Life Among The Elderly: A Population-based Study Using Sf-36 Survey [qualidade De Vida Relacionada á Saúde Em Idosos, Avaliada Com O Uso Do Sf-36 Em Estudo De Base Populacional]

As life expectancy continues to rise, one of the greatest challenges of public health is to improve the quality of later years of life. The aim of this present study was to analyze the quality of life profile of the elderly across different demographic and socioeconomic factors. A cross-sectional study was carried out in two stages, involving 1,958 individuals aged 60 years or more. Health related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. The lowest scores were found among measures for vitality, mental health and general health and the highest among factors including social functioning and role limitations due to emotional and physical factors. HRQOL was found to be worse among women, in individuals at advanced ages, those who practiced evangelical religions and those with lower levels of income and schooling. The greatest differences in SF-36 scores between the categories were observed in functional capacity and physical factors. The results suggest that healthcare programs for the elderly should take into account the multi-dimensionality of health and social inequalities so that interventions can target the most affected elements of HRQOL as well as the most vulnerable subgroups of the population.251021592167Barros, M.B.A., César, C.L.G., Carandina, L., Torre, G.D., Desigualdades sociais na prevalência de doenças crônicas no Brasil, PNAD-2003 (2006) Ciênc Saúde Cole-tiva, 11, pp. 911-26Ramos, L.R., Fatores determinantes do envelheci-mento saudável em idosos residentes em centrourbano (2003) Cad Saúde Pública, 19, pp. 793-8. , Projeto Epidoso, São PauloBowling, A., Brazier, J., Quality of life in social science and medicine (1995) Soc Sci Med, 41, pp. 1337-8Position paper from the World Health Organization (1995) The World Health Organization Quality of Life As-sessment (whoqol), 41, pp. 1403-9Seidl, E.M.F., Zannon, C.M.L.C., Qualidade de vida e saúde: Aspectos conceituais e metodológicos (2004) Cad Saúde Pública, 20, pp. 580-8(2000) Measuring Health Days, , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and PreventionIdler, E.L., Benyamini, Y., Self-rated health and mortality: A review of twenty-seven community studies (1997) J Health Soc Behav, 38, pp. 21-37Viacava, F., Informações em saúde: A importância dos inquéritos populacionais (2002) Ciênc Saúde Coletiva, 7, pp. 607-21Ware, J.E., Gandek, B., Overview of the SF-36 Health Survey and International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) project (1998) J Clin Epidemiol, 51, pp. 903-12Tsay, S.Y., Chi, L.Y., Lee, C.H., Chou, P., Health-related quality of life as a predictor of mortality among community-dwelling older persons (2007) Eur J Epidemiol, 22, pp. 19-26Ciconelli, R.M., Ferraz, M.B., Santos, W., Meinão, I., Qua-Resma, M.R., Tradução para a língua portuguesa e validação do questionário genérico de avaliação de qualidade de vida SF-36 (Brasil SF-36) (1999) Rev Bras Reumatol, 39, pp. 143-50Perkins, A.J., Stump, T.E., Monahan, P.O., McHorney, C.A., Assessment of differential item functioning for demographic comparisons in the MOS SF-36 health survey (2006) Qual Life Res, 15, pp. 331-48Wyss, K., Wagner, A.K., Whiting, D., Mtasiwa, D.M., Tanner, M., Gandek, B., Validation of the Kiswalhili version of the SF-36 Health Survey in a representative sample of an urban population in Tanzania (1999) Qual Life Res, 8, pp. 111-20Li, L., Wang, H.M., Shen, Y., Chinese SF-36 Health Survey: Translation, cultural adaptation, validation and normalization (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 259-65Cesar, C.L.G., (2005) Metodologia, pp. 37-46. , Ce ́sar CLG, Carandina L, Alves MCGP, Barros MBA, Goldbaum M, organizadores. Saúde e condição de vida em São Paulo. Inquérito multicêntrico de saúde no Estado de São Paulo, 2005 ISA-SP, São Paulo: Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São PauloAlves, M.C.G.P., (2005) Plano De Amostragem, pp. 47-62. , In: César CLG, Carandina L, Alves MCGP, Barros MBA, Goldbaum M, organizadores. Saúde e condição de vida em São Paulo. Inquérito multicêntrico de saúde no Estado de São Paulo 2005 ISA-SP, São Paulo: Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São PauloHuang, I.-C., Wu, A.W., Frangakis, C., Do the SF-36 and WHOQOL-BREF measure the same constructs? Evidence from the Taiwan population (2006) Qual Life Res, 15, pp. 15-24Lam, C.L.K., Gandek, B., Ren, X.S., Chan, M.S., Tests of scaling assumptions and construct validity of the Chinese (HK) version of the SF-36 Health Survey (1998) J Clin Epidemiol, 51, pp. 1139-47Leplège, A., Escosse, E., Verdier, A., Pernerger, T.V., The French SF-36 Health Survey: Translation, cultural adaptation and preliminary psychometric evaluation (1998) J Clin Epidemiol, 51, pp. 1013-23Dachs, J.N.W., Santos, A.P.R., Auto-avaliação do estado de saúde no Brasil: Análise dos dados da PNAD/2003 (2006) Ciênc Saúde Coletiva, 11, pp. 887-94Szwarcwald, C.L., Souza-Júnior, P.R.B., Esteves, M.A.P., Damacena, G.N., Viacava, F., Socio-demographic determinants of self-rated health in Brazil (2005) Cad Saúde Pública, 21, pp. S54-64. , SupplBeltrão, K.I., Sugahara, S., Comparação de infor-mações sobre saúde das populações brasileira e norte-americana baseada em dados da PNAD/98e USA NHIS/96 (2002) Ciênc Saúde Coletiva, 7, pp. 841-67Barros, M.B.A., (2005) Auto-avaliação De Saúde, pp. 173-82. , In: César CLG, Carandina L, Alves MCGP, Barros MBA, Gold-baum M, organizadores. Saúde e condição de vida em São Paulo. Inquérito multicêntrico de saúde no Estado de São Paulo 2005 ISA-SP, São Paulo: Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São PauloPinheiro, R.S., Viacava, F., Travassos, C., Brito, A.S., Gê-nero, morbidade, acesso e utilização de services de saúde no Brasil (2002) Ciênc Saúde Coletiva, 7, pp. 687-707Dachs, J.N.W., Determinantes das desigualdades na auto-avaliação do estado de saúde no Brasil: Análi-se dos dados da PNAD/1998 (2002) Ciênc Saúde Coletiva, 7, pp. 641-57Franks, P., Gold, M.R., Fiscella, K., Sociodemographics, self-rated health and mortality in US (2003) Soc Sci Med, 56, pp. 2505-14Amorim, V.M.S.L., Barros, M.B.A., Cã©sar, C.L.G., Carandi-Na, L., Goldbaum, M., Fatores associados à não rea-lização do exame de Papanicolaou: Um estudo debase populacional no Município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil (2006) Cad Saúde Pública, 22, pp. 2329-38Zaitune, M.P.A., Barros, M.B.A., Cã©sar, C.L.G., Carandi-Na, L., Goldbaum, M., Hipertensão arterial em ido-sos: Prevalência, fatores associados e práticas decontrole no Município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil (2006) Cad Saúde Pública, 22, pp. 285-94Moreira-Almeida, A., Neto, F.L., Koenig, H.G., Reli-giousness and mental health: A review (2006) Rev Bras Psiquiatr, 28, pp. 242-50Botega, N.J., Barros, M.B.A., Oliveira, H.B., Dalgalarron-Do, P., Marín-León, L., Suicidal behavior in the community: Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation (2005) Rev Bras Psiquiatr, 27, pp. 45-53Barros, M.B.A., Botega, N.J., Dalgalarrondo, P., Marín-León, L., Oliveira, H.B., Prevalence of alcohol abuseand associated factors in a population-based study (2007) Rev Saúde Pública, 41, pp. 502-9Lima-Costa, M.F., Barreto, S., Giatti, L., Uchôa, E., De-sigualdade social e saúde entre idosos brasilei-ros: Um estudo baseado na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostras de Domicílios (2003) Cad Saúde Pública, 19, pp. 745-57Lima-Costa, M.F., Veras, R., Saúde pública e envelhe-cimento (2003) Cad Saúde Pública, 19, pp. 700-1(2005) Uma Política De Saúde, , Organização Mundial da Saúde. Envelhecimento ativo, Brasília: Organização Pan-Americana da Saúd

Antimicrobial Activity of the Extract of Stem Bark of Diplotropis Ferruginea Benth

This is the first report about the antibacterial activity of Diplotropis ferruginea Benth. In this study, the ethanol extract of D. ferruginea was tested for its antimicrobial activity against strains gram-positive and gram-negative. In order to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration, assays were carried out by micro dilution method. The extract was screened for antimicrobial activity, and it showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa