429 research outputs found
Artist Study: The Compositional Style of Jazz Guitarist Nathen Page
For this project, I have composed three and arranged two compositions for jazz quartet in the style of Page. The featured instrumentation will be guitar, piano, drums, and bass, which is the same instrumentation that Page had used almost exclusively since he first formed his own group. In preparation for writing my compositions and arrangements, I first had to learn Page’s compositions and arrangements by transcribing them from his recordings. In presenting my compositions/arrangements, I will first present the Page composition that my work will be derived from, along with a short written explanation of the song. Then I will present my own work, along with an explanation of how exactly I derived it from the preceding Page composition
Temperature of nonextensive system: Tsallis entropy as Clausius entropy
The problem of temperature in nonextensive statistical mechanics is studied.
Considering the first law of thermodynamics and a "quasi-reversible process",
it is shown that the Tsallis entropy becomes the Clausius entropy if the
inverse of the Lagrange multiplier, , associated with the constraint on
the internal energy is regarded as the temperature. This temperature is
different from the previously proposed "physical temperature" defined through
the assumption of divisibility of the total system into independent subsystems.
A general discussion is also made about the role of Boltzmann's constant in
generalized statistical mechanics based on an entropy, which, under the
assumption of independence, is nonadditive.Comment: 14 pages, no figure
A step beyond Tsallis and Renyi entropies
Tsallis and R\'{e}nyi entropy measures are two possible different
generalizations of the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy (or Shannon's information) but
are not generalizations of each others. It is however the Sharma-Mittal
measure, which was already defined in 1975 (B.D. Sharma, D.P. Mittal,
J.Math.Sci \textbf{10}, 28) and which received attention only recently as an
application in statistical mechanics (T.D. Frank & A. Daffertshofer, Physica A
\textbf{285}, 351 & T.D. Frank, A.R. Plastino, Eur. Phys. J., B \textbf{30},
543-549) that provides one possible unification. We will show how this
generalization that unifies R\'{e}nyi and Tsallis entropy in a coherent picture
naturally comes into being if the q-formalism of generalized logarithm and
exponential functions is used, how together with Sharma-Mittal's measure
another possible extension emerges which however does not obey a
pseudo-additive law and lacks of other properties relevant for a generalized
thermostatistics, and how the relation between all these information measures
is best understood when described in terms of a particular logarithmic
Kolmogorov-Nagumo average
Deformation Quantization: Quantum Mechanics Lives and Works in Phase-Space
Wigner's quasi-probability distribution function in phase-space is a special
(Weyl) representation of the density matrix. It has been useful in describing
quantum transport in quantum optics; nuclear physics; decoherence (eg, quantum
computing); quantum chaos; "Welcher Weg" discussions; semiclassical limits. It
is also of importance in signal processing.
Nevertheless, a remarkable aspect of its internal logic, pioneered by Moyal,
has only emerged in the last quarter-century: It furnishes a third,
alternative, formulation of Quantum Mechanics, independent of the conventional
Hilbert Space, or Path Integral formulations. In this logically complete and
self-standing formulation, one need not choose sides--coordinate or momentum
space. It works in full phase-space, accommodating the uncertainty principle.
This is an introductory overview of the formulation with simple illustrations.Comment: LaTeX, 22 pages, 2 figure
Stability of Tsallis antropy and instabilities of Renyi and normalized Tsallis entropies: A basis for q-exponential distributions
The q-exponential distributions, which are generalizations of the
Zipf-Mandelbrot power-law distribution, are frequently encountered in complex
systems at their stationary states. From the viewpoint of the principle of
maximum entropy, they can apparently be derived from three different
generalized entropies: the Renyi entropy, the Tsallis entropy, and the
normalized Tsallis entropy. Accordingly, mere fittings of observed data by the
q-exponential distributions do not lead to identification of the correct
physical entropy. Here, stabilities of these entropies, i.e., their behaviors
under arbitrary small deformation of a distribution, are examined. It is shown
that, among the three, the Tsallis entropy is stable and can provide an
entropic basis for the q-exponential distributions, whereas the others are
unstable and cannot represent any experimentally observable quantities.Comment: 20 pages, no figures, the disappeared "primes" on the distributions
are added. Also, Eq. (65) is correcte
Statistical mechanical foundations of power-law distributions
The foundations of the Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) distributions for describing
equilibrium statistical mechanics of systems are examined. Broadly, they fall
into: (i) probabilistic paaroaches based on the principle of equal a priori
probability (counting technique and method of steepest descents), law of large
numbers, or the state density considerations and (ii) a variational scheme --
maximum entropy principle (due to Gibbs and Jaynes) subject to certain
constraints. A minimum set of requirements on each of these methods are briefly
pointed out: in the first approach, the function space and the counting
algorithm while in the second, "additivity" property of the entropy with
respect to the composition of statistically independent systems. In the past
few decades, a large number of systems, which are not necessarily in
thermodynamic equilibrium (such as glasses, for example), have been found to
display power-law distributions, which are not describable by the
above-mentioned methods. In this paper, parallel to all the inquiries
underlying the BG program described above are given in a brief form. In
particular, in the probabilistic derivations, one employs a different function
space and one gives up "additivity" in the variational scheme with a different
form for the entropy. The requirement of stability makes the entropy choice to
be that proposed by Tsallis. From this a generalized thermodynamic description
of the system in a quasi-equilibrium state is derived. A brief account of a
unified consistent formalism associated with systems obeying power-law
distributions precursor to the exponential form associated with thermodynamic
equilibrium of systems is presented here.Comment: 19 pages, no figures. Invited talk at Anomalous Distributions,
Nonlinear Dynamics and Nonextensivity, Santa Fe, USA, November 6-9, 200
Distributivity and deformation of the reals from Tsallis entropy
We propose a one-parameter family \ \ of deformations of the
reals, which is motivated by the generalized additivity of the Tsallis entropy.
We introduce a generalized multiplication which is distributive with respect to
the generalized addition of the Tsallis entropy. These operations establish a
one-parameter family of field isomorphisms \ \ between \
\ and \ \ through which an absolute value on \ \
is introduced. This turns out to be a quasisymmetric map, whose metric and
measure-theoretical implications are pointed out.Comment: 16 pages, Standard LaTeX2e, To be published in Physica
A nonextensive approach to the dynamics of financial observables
We present results about financial market observables, specifically returns
and traded volumes. They are obtained within the current nonextensive
statistical mechanical framework based on the entropy
(). More precisely, we
present stochastic dynamical mechanisms which mimic probability density
functions empirically observed. These mechanisms provide possible
interpretations for the emergence of the entropic indices in the time
evolution of the corresponding observables. In addition to this, through
multi-fractal analysis of return time series, we verify that the dual relation
is numerically satisfied, and being
associated to the probability density function and to the sensitivity to
initial conditions respectively. This type of simple relation, whose
understanding remains ellusive, has been empirically verified in various other
systems.Comment: Invited paper to appear in special issue of Eur. Phys. J. B dedicated
to econophysics, edited by T. Di Matteo and T. Aste. 7 page
Towards information theory for q-nonextensive statistics without q-deformed distributions
In this paper we extend our recent results [Physica A340 (2004)110] on
q-nonextensive statistics with non-Tsallis entropies. In particular, we combine
an axiomatics of Renyi with the q-deformed version of Khinchin axioms to obtain
the entropy which accounts both for systems with embedded self-similarity and
q-nonextensivity. We find that this entropy can be uniquely solved in terms of
a one-parameter family of information measures. The corresponding entropy
maximizer is expressible via a special function known under the name of the
Lambert W-function. We analyze the corresponding "high" and "low-temperature"
asymptotics and make some remarks on the possible applications.Comment: Presented at Next2005, uses Elsevier LaTeX macros, revised version
with minor changes, accepted to Physica
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A smart polymer for sequence-selective binding, pulldown, and release of DNA targets
Selective isolation of DNA is crucial for applications in biology, bionanotechnology, clinical diagnostics and forensics. We herein report a smart methanol-responsive polymer (MeRPy) that can be programmed to bind and separate single- as well as double-stranded DNA targets. Captured targets are quickly isolated and released back into solution by denaturation (sequence-agnostic) or toehold-mediated strand displacement (sequence-selective). The latter mode allows 99.8% efficient removal of unwanted sequences and 79% recovery of highly pure target sequences. We applied MeRPy for the depletion of insulin, glucagon, and transthyretin cDNA from clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) libraries. This step improved the data quality for low-abundance transcripts in expression profiles of pancreatic tissues. Its low cost, scalability, high stability and ease of use make MeRPy suitable for diverse applications in research and clinical laboratories, including enhancement of NGS libraries, extraction of DNA from biological samples, preparative-scale DNA isolations, and sorting of DNA-labeled non-nucleic acid targets. © 2020, The Author(s)
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