Composição bromatológica e digestibilidade de cana-de-açúcar colhida em duas épocas do ano

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito da época de corte sobre a composição bromatológica e digestibilidade in vitro de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar, comparar a composição bromatológica e digestibilidade in vitro das frações colmo e folhas, e estabelecer possíveis correlações entre composição química e digestibilidade in vitro da planta inteira de genótipos da cana-de-açúcar. Nove genótipos foram colhidos em maio e setembro de 2006. Em maio, somente a fração planta inteira foi analisada, em setembro foram separados em colmos, folhas ou planta inteira para determinação da composição bromatológica, sacarose (POL) e digestibilidade in vitro. Colmos apresentaram menor teor de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e lignina na MS, e maior digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) do que folhas. Em contrapartida, apresentaram menor digestibilidade in vitro da FDN (DIVFDN), maior teor de lignina na FDN e menor concentração de proteína bruta (PB). Houve redução no teor e digestibilidade da FDN com o avanço da maturidade, enquanto que DIVMS, POL e lignina aumentaram. A DIVMS se mostrou negativamente correlacionada com FDN e FDN/POL, porém não houve correlação entre DIVFDN e FDN ou FDN/POL. Conclui-se que o avanço da maturidade promoveu redução na DIVFDN e aumento na DIVMS, não existindo correlação genética entre acúmulo de açúcar e digestibilidade in vitro da fibra. Os dados deste artigo indicam não ser esperado que a seleção de genótipos com maior DIVFDN do colmo altere o teor de açúcar do mesmo.The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of time of harvest on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of sugarcane genotypes, to compare chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the stem and leaf fractions, and to determine possible correlations between chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the whole plant in sugarcane genotypes. Nine genotypes were harvested in May and September of 2006. In May, only the whole-plant fraction was analyzed, in September the genotypes were separated in stems, leaves or whole-plant for determination of chemical composition, sucrose (POL) and in vitro digestibility. Stems had lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and lignin in the DM, and greater in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) than leaves. However, stems had lower in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD), higher lignin in the NDF and lower crude protein (CP). The NDF and IVNDFD were reduced with advanced maturity, while IVDMD, POL and lignin were increased. IVDMD was negatively correlated with NDF and NDF/POL, however there was no correlation between IVFDND and NDF or NDF/POL. It can be concluded that with the advance in maturity the IVNDFD was reduced and IVDMD was increased, and there was no genetic correlation between accumulation of sugar and in vitro fiber digestibility. Data from this study indicate that it is not expected that selection of genotypes with greater stem IVNDFD would alter the sugar content of the plant

Nascidos vivos com hemangioma e linfangioma no Brasil: estudo epidemiológico.

Introduction: Hemangiomas and lymphangiomas represent congenital vascular conditions affecting the circulatory and lymphatic systems, respectively. Hemangiomas consist of abnormal blood vessels, while lymphangiomas are composed of altered lymphatic vessels. Both conditions are typically identified in newborns or young children, though they can manifest at any age. Methodology: This study constitutes a descriptive epidemiological analysis focused on investigating cases of hemangioma and lymphangioma in live births in Brazil. Data collection will be conducted through the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) during the period from 2017 to 2021. Results: In the Northern region, 25 cases were recorded, representing 4.86% of the total live births with hemangioma and lymphangioma in the sample. In the Northeast region, this proportion is slightly higher, with 76 cases, accounting for 14.79% of the total. The Southeast holds the highest proportion, with 316 cases, representing a significant 61.48% of the sample. In the Southern region, 69 cases were recorded, comprising 13.42% of the total. Finally, in the Central-West region, 28 cases were counted, representing 5.45% of the sample. Conclusion: This meticulous analysis of variables related to live births with these conditions provides valuable insights that go beyond mere numerical understanding. The relevance of this profile is evident when considering various aspects.Introdução: Hemangiomas e linfangiomas representam condições vasculares congênitas que afetam o sistema circulatório e linfático, respectivamente. Os hemangiomas são formados por vasos sanguíneos anormais, enquanto os linfangiomas são compostos por vasos linfáticos alterados. Ambas as condições são geralmente identificadas em recém-nascidos ou crianças pequenas, embora possam se manifestar em qualquer idade. Metodologia: Esta pesquisa configura uma análise epidemiológica descritiva voltada para a investigação de casos de hemangioma e linfangioma em nascidos vivos no Brasil. A coleta de dados será conduzida por meio do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) no período compreendido entre 2017 e 2021. Resultado: Na região Norte, foram registrados 25 casos, representando 4,86% do total de nascidos vivos com hemangioma e linfangioma na amostra. Já na região Nordeste, essa proporção é um pouco maior, com 76 casos, correspondendo a 14,79% do total. O Sudeste detém a maior proporção, com 316 casos, representando expressivos 61,48% da amostra. Na região Sul, foram registrados 69 casos, compreendendo 13,42% do total. Por fim, na região Centro-Oeste, foram contabilizados 28 casos, representando 5,45% da amostra. Conclusão: Essa análise minuciosa das variáveis relacionadas a nascidos vivos com essas condições proporciona insights valiosos que transcendem a simples compreensão numérica. A relevância desse perfil é evidente ao considerar vários aspectos

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Otimizando a fila de cirurgias por meio da modelagem matemática / Optimizing the surgery queue through mathematical modelingOtimizando a fila de cirurgias por meio da modelagem matemática / Optimizing the surgery queue through mathematical modeling

O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) é o único recurso que muitos brasileiros dispõem para realização de uma cirurgia. Para os casos de cirurgias não emergências/urgentes, esta demanda resulta em uma “fila” de espera, que, em geral, é significativamente grande. Considerando este cenário, o presente trabalho propõe uma atividade que faz uso da Modelagem Matemática para tratar do problema das filas de pacientes que aguardam por cirurgias em hospitais públicos. A utilização de otimização aplicada a um tema da realidade permite que o estudante seja estimulado a trabalhar conteúdos matemáticos importantes como desigualdades, sistemas de equações, entre outros. A atividade foi aplicada em um grupo de estudante de um curso preparatório para o ENEM, sendo construída com a participação dos estudantes que debatem o tema, tanto do ponto de vista social como matemático; e assim, além dos conteúdos mencionados, traz também importantes reflexões sobre as dificuldades encontradas pela população

Chemical composition and digestibility of sugarcane harvested at two periods of the year

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito da época de corte sobre a composição bromatológica e digestibilidade in vitro de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar, comparar a composição bromatológica e digestibilidade in vitro das frações colmo e folhas, e estabelecer possíveis correlações entre composição química e digestibilidade in vitro da planta inteira de genótipos da cana-de-açúcar. Nove genótipos foram colhidos em maio e setembro de 2006. Em maio, somente a fração planta inteira foi analisada, em setembro foram separados em colmos, folhas ou planta inteira para determinação da composição bromatológica, sacarose (POL) e digestibilidade in vitro. Colmos apresentaram menor teor de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e lignina na MS, e maior digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) do que folhas. Em contrapartida, apresentaram menor digestibilidade in vitro da FDN (DIVFDN), maior teor de lignina na FDN e menor concentração de proteína bruta (PB). Houve redução no teor e digestibilidade da FDN com o avanço da maturidade, enquanto que DIVMS, POL e lignina aumentaram. A DIVMS se mostrou negativamente correlacionada com FDN e FDN/POL, porém não houve correlação entre DIVFDN e FDN ou FDN/POL. Conclui-se que o avanço da maturidade promoveu redução na DIVFDN e aumento na DIVMS, não existindo correlação genética entre acúmulo de açúcar e digestibilidade in vitro da fibra. Os dados deste artigo indicam não ser esperado que a seleção de genótipos com maior DIVFDN do colmo altere o teor de açúcar do mesmoThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of time of harvest on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of sugarcane genotypes, to compare chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the stem and leaf fractions, and to determine possible correlations between chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the whole plant in sugarcane genotypes. Nine genotypes were harvested in May and September of 2006. In May, only the whole-plant fraction was analyzed, in September the genotypes were separated in stems, leaves or whole-plant for determination of chemical composition, sucrose (POL) and in vitro digestibility. Stems had lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and lignin in the DM, and greater in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) than leaves. However, stems had lower in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD), higher lignin in the NDF and lower crude protein (CP). The NDF and IVNDFD were reduced with advanced maturity, while IVDMD, POL and lignin were increased. IVDMD was negatively correlated with NDF and NDF/POL, however there was no correlation between IVFDND and NDF or NDF/POL. It can be concluded that with the advance in maturity the IVNDFD was reduced and IVDMD was increased, and there was no genetic correlation between accumulation of sugar and in vitro fiber digestibility. Data from this study indicate that it is not expected that selection of genotypes with greater stem IVNDFD would alter the sugar content of the plan

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Measurement of b hadron lifetimes in pp collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV

Measurements are presented of the lifetimes of the B$^0$, B$^0_\mathrm{s}$, $\Lambda^0_\mathrm{b}$, and B$_\mathrm{c}^+$ hadrons using the decay channels B$^0\to$ J/$\psi$K*(892)$^0$, B$^0\to$J/$\psi$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$, B$^0_\mathrm{s}\to$J/$\psi \pi^+\pi^-$, B$^0_\mathrm{s}\to$J/$\psi\phi$(1020), $\Lambda^0_\mathrm{b}\to$J/$\psi\Lambda^0$, and B$_\mathrm{c}\to$J/$\psi\pi^+$. The data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb$^{-1}$, was collected by the CMS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 8 TeV. The B$^0$ lifetime is measured to be 453.0 $\pm$ 1.6 (stat) $\pm$ 1.8 (syst) $\mu$m in J/$\psi$K*(892)$^0$ and 457.8 $\pm$ 2.7 (stat) $\pm$ 2.8 (syst) $\mu$m in J/$\psi$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$, which results in a combined measurement of $c\tau_{\mathrm{B}^0} =$ 454.1 $\pm$ 1.4 (stat) $\pm$ 1.7 (syst) $\mu$m. The effective lifetime of the B$^0_\mathrm{s}$ meson is measured in two decay modes, with contributions from different amounts of the heavy and light eigenstates. This results in two different measured lifetimes: $c\tau_{\mathrm{B}^0_\mathrm{s} \to \mathrm{J}/\psi \pi^+\pi^-} =$ 502.7 $\pm$ 10.2 (stat) $\pm$ 3.4 (syst) $\mu$m and $c\tau_{\mathrm{B}^0_\mathrm{s} \to \mathrm{J}/\psi\phi(1020)} =$ 443.9 $\pm$ 2.0 (stat) $\pm$ 1.5 (syst) $\mu$m. The $\Lambda^0_\mathrm{b}$ lifetime is found to be 443.9 $\pm$ 8.2 (stat) $\pm$ 2.8 (syst) $\mu$m. The precision from each of these channels is as good as or better than previous measurements. The B$_\mathrm{c}^+$ lifetime, measured with respect to the B$^+$ to reduce the systematic uncertainty, is 162.3 $\pm$ 7.8 (stat) $\pm$ 4.2 (syst) $\pm$ 0.1 $(\tau_{\mathrm{B}^+})$ $\mu$m. All results are in agreement with current world-average values

Measurement of the total and differential inclusive B+\mathrm{B^+} hadron cross sections in pp collisions at s=13\mathrm{\sqrt{s} = 13} TeV

The total and differential cross sections for inclusive production of $B^+$ hadrons are measured as a function of the $B^+$ transverse momentum $p_{T}^{B}$ and rapidity $y^{B}$ in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using data collected by the CMS experiment that correspond to an integrated luminosity of 49.4 inverse-picobarns. The measurement uses the exclusive decay channel $B^+ \to J/\psi K^+$, with $J/\psi$ mesons that decay to a pair of muons. The results show a reasonable agreement with theoretical calculations within the uncertainties