Prevalência das doenças alérgicas em crianças de 6 a 7 anos na região oeste da cidade de São Paulo

The aims of the present work were the evaluation of allergic disease prevalence among 6 and 7 year-old students from the western districts of São Paulo city and the comparison of these data with those obtained in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase I, performed in the central-southern districts of São Paulo, using the ISAAC standardized written questionnaire. METHODS: 5,040 questionnaires were distributed and 3,312 were returned. Proportional differences were estimated by Chi square or Fisher exact tests. Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals between genders and allergic diseases were calculated. Values of pOBJETIVOS: Avaliar a prevalência das doenças alérgicas na região oeste de São Paulo entre escolares de 6 a 7 anos e comparar os dados obtidos com aqueles da fase I da região centro-sul, através do questionário padronizado do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. MÉTODOS: Foram enviados 5040 questionários escritos com resposta de 3.312 alunos. As diferenças entre proporções foram avaliadas pelo Teste do Qui-quadrado ou Teste Exato de Fisher, se calculado a Razão das Chances, intervalo de confiança 95% entre os sexos e doenças alérgicas. Os valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados como significantes. RESULTADOS: As prevalências corrigidas encontradas foram: asma 24,4%, diagnóstico médico de asma 5,7%, rinite 25,7%, rinoconjuntivite 11,3%, diagnóstico médico de rinite 20%, eczema atópico 9,2%. Houve associação significativa entre asma e rinite (OR=3,3), asma e eczema (OR=2,2) e rinite e eczema atópico (OR=2,8). O sexo masculino foi predominante para asma e rinite. Comparando-se os dados da fase I, observou-se prevalência mais elevada dos sintomas e gravidade de asma e valores menores para rinite e eczema. CONCLUSÕES: As prevalências de asma e rinite neste estudo mostraram valores elevados em comparação ao diagnóstico médico. Houve predomínio do sexo masculino para asma e rinite. As associações mais freqüentes foram entre asma e rinite e asma e eczema. Em relação à região centro-sul de São Paulo, observou-se que na região oeste houve maior prevalência dos sintomas e gravidade da asma e menor prevalência de rinite e eczema

Rutin-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes: molecular docking, physicochemistry and cytotoxicity in fibroblasts

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) have been functionalized with rutin through three steps (i. reaction step; ii. purification step; iii. drying step) and their physicochemical properties investigated with respect to morphological structure, thermal analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and cytotoxicity. The molecular docking suggested the rutin-functionalized MWCNT occurred by hydrogen bonds, which was confirmed by FTIR assays, corroborating the results obtained by thermal analyses. A tubular shape, arranged in a three-dimensional structure, could be observed. Mild cytotoxicity observed in 3T3 fibroblasts suggested a doseeffect relationship after exposure. These findings suggest the formation of aggregates of filamentous structures on the cells favoring the cell penetration.The authors acknowledge Classius Ferreira da Silva, from the Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, for the scanning electron microscopy analyses.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Palladium doping of In2O3 towards a general and selective catalytic hydrogenation of amides to amines and alcohols

Herein, the first general heterogeneous catalytic protocol for the hydrogenation of primary, secondary and tertiary amides to their corresponding amines and alcohols is described. Advantageously, this catalytic protocol works under additive-free conditions and is compatible with the presence of aromatic rings, which are fully retained in the final products. This hydrogenative C–N bond cleavage methodology is catalyzed by a Pd-doped In2O3 catalyst prepared by a microwave hydrothermal-assisted method followed by calcination. This catalyst displays highly dispersed Pd2+ ionic species in the oxide matrix of In2O3 that have appeared to be essential for its high catalytic performance

Distribuição de aranhas de teia de sub-bosque ao longo de uma área de contato entre floresta de Araucaria e plantação de Pinus no sul do Brasil

In southern Brazil, the native Araucaria forest has been tremendously cut down, which created a mosaic landscape with patches of original forest and other land uses. The Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula encompasses a mosaic landscape comprised of the Araucaria forest, Araucaria plantations, Pinus and Eucalyptus plantations. This study’s intention was to assess the richness and abundance of understorey web building spiders along an interface zone between an Araucaria and a Pinus patch. Spiders and other arthropods were collected by beating the vegetation inside five random plots, along five long transects parallels to the edge: one at the edge, two others 10 m and 30 m inside each patch. A randomization test was done to analyze differences in richness and abundance among distances between patches. Linear regressions were done to assess influence of the abundance of potential prey on spider richness and abundance. A total of 161 web building spiders were collected, divided in 35 morphospecies and 7 families. Four morphospecies represented around 42% of abundance. The higher abundance was of Theridiidae (17 species), followed by Araneidae (11). Richness and abundance of understorey spiders did not differ among the distances, showing presence of connectivity across the understorey vegetation of patches. Arthropod numbers positively influenced the abundance and richness of spiders. Management practices applied in this Reserve, which are selective cutting and long periods of rotations, seem to provide the growth of dense understorey vegetation along the ecotone resulting in adequate resources to support spider diversity. Key words: edge effect, ecotone, Atlantic Forest, forest management.A floresta de Araucaria tem sido intensivamente impactada, o que possibilitou a criação de mosaicos da paisagem com manchas da floresta original e outros usos da terra. A Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula, RS, abriga um mosaico composto da floresta de Araucaria e plantações de Araucaria, Pinus e Eucalyptus. Este estudo visou avaliar a riqueza e abundância das assembléias de aranhas de teia de sub-bosque ao longo de uma área de contato entre uma mancha de Araucaria e outra de Pinus. Aranhas e outros artrópodes foram coletados com guarda-chuva entomológico em cinco parcelas ao longo de cinco transectos paralelos à borda das manchas: uma na borda, duas outras a 10 m e a 30 m em cada mancha. Diferenças na riqueza e na abundância ao longo das distâncias foram analisadas por um teste de aleatorização. Foram realizadas regressões lineares para avaliar a influência da abundância de presas potenciais sobre a abundância e riqueza de aranhas de teia. Um total de 161 aranhas foi coletado (35 morfoespécies e 7 famílias). Quatro morfoespécies representaram em torno de 42% da abundância. A família mais rica foi Theridiidae (17 espécies), seguida de Araneidae (11). A riqueza e a abundância de aranhas não variaram entre as distâncias, mostrando que há conectividade entre as vegetações dos sub-bosques. A abundância de presas potenciais influenciou positivamente a abundância e a riqueza de aranhas de teia. Presume-se que o manejo executado na reserva, com corte seletivo e longo tempo de rotação, possibilite o crescimento do sub-bosque de Pinus, proporcionando recursos adequados para a manutenção da diversidade de aranhas. Palavras-chave: efeito de borda, ecótono, Mata Atlântica, manejo de florestas

Dance training improves cytokine secretion and viability of neutrophils in diabetic patients

Background. Evidence suggests that exercise improves neutrophil function. The decreased functional longevity of neutrophils and their increased clearance from infectious sites contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection and severity of infection observed in patients with diabetes. Objective. Herein, we investigated the effects of a dance program on neutrophil number, function, and death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and healthy volunteers. Methods. Ten patients with T2DM and twelve healthy individuals participated in a moderate-intensity dance training program for 4 months. The plasma levels of leptin, free fatty acids (FFAs), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra); neutrophil counts; extent of DNA fragmentation; cell membrane integrity; and production of TNF-α, interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β in neutrophils were measured before and after training. Results. Training reduced plasma levels of TNF-α (1.9-fold in controls and 2.2-fold in patients with T2DM) and CRP (1.4-fold in controls and 3.4-fold in patients with T2DM). IL-1ra levels were higher in the control group (2.2-fold) after training. After training, neutrophil DNA fragmentation was decreased in patients with T2DM (90%), while the number of neutrophils increased (70% in controls and 1.1-fold in patients with T2DM). Conclusion. Dance training is a nonpharmacological strategy to reduce inflammation and improve neutrophil clearance in patients with T2DM

Microbiota of Vibrio sp. in the hepatopancreas of cultured white pacific shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

ABSTRACT Objective. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of vibrios in the hepatopancreas of cultured shrimp. Materials and methods. Vibrios from the hepatopancreas of fifteen samples of five specimens each, of apparently healthy Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were isolated, identified and quantified. Results. The vibrio density ranged from 430 to 2,400 MPN g-1 (rs MPN cm-1=-0.114; rs MPN g-1 = 0.211). Thirty isolations were obtained, most of which belonged to the species V. cholerae (n=11) and V. parahaemolyticus (n=7). Conclusions. The outcomes of the present study suggest that, even in the absence of symptoms of vibriosis, the microbiota of the hepatopancreas of cultured shrimp may include sucrose positive and negative vibrios

Distribuição de aranhas de teia de sub-bosque ao longo de uma área de contato entre floresta de Araucaria e plantação de Pinus no sul do Brasil

In southern Brazil, the native Araucaria forest has been tremendously cut down, which created a mosaic landscape with patches of original forest and other land uses. The Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula encompasses a mosaic landscape comprised of the Araucaria forest, Araucaria plantations, Pinus and Eucalyptus plantations. This study’s intention was to assess the richness and abundance of understorey web building spiders along an interface zone between an Araucaria and a Pinus patch. Spiders and other arthropods were collected by beating the vegetation inside five random plots, along five long transects parallels to the edge: one at the edge, two others 10 m and 30 m inside each patch. A randomization test was done to analyze differences in richness and abundance among distances between patches. Linear regressions were done to assess influence of the abundance of potential prey on spider richness and abundance. A total of 161 web building spiders were collected, divided in 35 morphospecies and 7 families. Four morphospecies represented around 42% of abundance. The higher abundance was of Theridiidae (17 species), followed by Araneidae (11). Richness and abundance of understorey spiders did not differ among the distances, showing presence of connectivity across the understorey vegetation of patches. Arthropod numbers positively influenced the abundance and richness of spiders. Management practices applied in this Reserve, which are selective cutting and long periods of rotations, seem to provide the growth of dense understorey vegetation along the ecotone resulting in adequate resources to support spider diversity. Key words: edge effect, ecotone, Atlantic Forest, forest management.A floresta de Araucaria tem sido intensivamente impactada, o que possibilitou a criação de mosaicos da paisagem com manchas da floresta original e outros usos da terra. A Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula, RS, abriga um mosaico composto da floresta de Araucaria e plantações de Araucaria, Pinus e Eucalyptus. Este estudo visou avaliar a riqueza e abundância das assembléias de aranhas de teia de sub-bosque ao longo de uma área de contato entre uma mancha de Araucaria e outra de Pinus. Aranhas e outros artrópodes foram coletados com guarda-chuva entomológico em cinco parcelas ao longo de cinco transectos paralelos à borda das manchas: uma na borda, duas outras a 10 m e a 30 m em cada mancha. Diferenças na riqueza e na abundância ao longo das distâncias foram analisadas por um teste de aleatorização. Foram realizadas regressões lineares para avaliar a influência da abundância de presas potenciais sobre a abundância e riqueza de aranhas de teia. Um total de 161 aranhas foi coletado (35 morfoespécies e 7 famílias). Quatro morfoespécies representaram em torno de 42% da abundância. A família mais rica foi Theridiidae (17 espécies), seguida de Araneidae (11). A riqueza e a abundância de aranhas não variaram entre as distâncias, mostrando que há conectividade entre as vegetações dos sub-bosques. A abundância de presas potenciais influenciou positivamente a abundância e a riqueza de aranhas de teia. Presume-se que o manejo executado na reserva, com corte seletivo e longo tempo de rotação, possibilite o crescimento do sub-bosque de Pinus, proporcionando recursos adequados para a manutenção da diversidade de aranhas. Palavras-chave: efeito de borda, ecótono, Mata Atlântica, manejo de florestas

A abordagem da intersetorialidade para o ensino médico em atenção primária

Introduction: The process of creating the Unified Health System (SUS) as one health care model more humanized, comprehensive, effective and decisive has intersectorality as one of its tools for transformation. However, there are few articles that address the intersectoral approach in the context of medical education and organization of practices, especially in primary care. Objective: Bring forth the concept of intersectionality and the principle of community orientation in the organization of practices in the reality of family health staffs, under the SUS. Method: Analysis of documents held to discuss the concept of intersectionality in the work of authors of Primary Health Care (PHC), the official documentation of the Ministry of Health and selected publications on intersectionality. It also discussed the community orientation in the given actions of Primary Health Care in the perception of the physician and the family health staffs in Brazil. It described the evolution of the former Family Health Program to the Family Health Strategy as reorganization model of PHC in the SUS and in the education scenario of the Family Health Units (FHU) involved in the Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo in the period from 1999 to 2014. Results: Official and scientific documentation consulted showed advance of changes in family health services, such as the PHC model of organization in the country. The setting of FHU oriented to PHC has contributed to the adaptation of medical training and health professionals in this area. Final Considerations: Nevertheless, perceiving the potential of intersectoral and practices geared towards the community in the health paradigm change, there is plenty to do in the broad sense of intersectionality comprising addressing the social determinants of health in local integrated planIntrodução: O processo de criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) como um modelo de atenção à saúde, mais humanizado, abrangente, eficaz e resolutivo tem a intersetorialidade como um de seus instrumentos para a transformação. No entanto, há escassez de artigos que abordem a intersetorialidade no contexto da educação médica e da organização das práticas, principalmente na atenção primária. Objetivo: Trazer à luz o conceito de intersetorialidade e o princípio da orientação comunitária na organização das práticas na realidade das equipes de saúde da família, no âmbito do SUS. Método: Análise documental realizada para discutir o conceito de intersetorialidade na obra de autores da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), na documentação oficial do Ministério da Saúde e em publicações selecionadas sobre a intersetorialidade. Discutiu-se também a orientação comunitária nas ações prestadas de APS segundo a percepção do médico e da equipe de saúde da família, no Brasil. Foi descrita a evolução do antigo Programa de Saúde da Família para a Estratégia de Saúde da Família como modelo de reorganização da atenção primária à saúde no SUS e no cenário de ensino das Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) ligadas à Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto- Universidade de São Paulo, no período de 1999 a 2014. Resultados: A documentação oficial e científica consultada mostrou avanço das transformações nos serviços de Saúde da Família, como modelo de organização da APS no país. O cenário das USF orientado para a APS vem contribuindo para a adequação da formação médica e dos profissionais de saúde nessa área. Considerações finais: Não obstante, percebendo-se as potencialidades das práticas intersetoriais e orientadas para a comunidade na mudança do paradigma da saúde, há muito o que fazer no sentido amplo da intersetorialidade, que compreende a abordagem dos determinantes sociais da saúde no planejamento integrado loca

A METHOD FOR CLASSIFYING USABILITY FINDINGS TO ENHANCE VALIDATION OF NEW HEURISTICS

Different usability heuristics have been proposed as new application domains arise. Such proposals usually depend on the validation of the new heuristics. However, current validation methods are still biased by subjective comparisons of usability findings. In this paper, we aimed to enhance the process of matching usability finding descriptions and mitigate the bias of such process. To reach our goal, we adopted ontology techniques to extend the User Action Framework for the context of validating new usability heuristics. We tested three hypotheses about the feasibility of our new framework based on a case study with 173 usability findings. These usability findings were retrieved from an online project of a private mobile browser. Our data analysis of supported merging three classification schemes for our framework: User Action Framework, Typical Usability Defects (from ISO) and the heuristics of Nielsen. Finally, we describe a logical process for our method, because some of the contents from the classification schemes are not disjoint