A LEITURA DO TEXTO CIENTÍFICO

Este artigo apresenta reflexões pertinentes à leitura e seu ensino. A abordagem tem como foco a leitura do texto científico, ressaltando estratégias de leitura aplicáveis a variadas disciplinas. Para a pesquisa, foram analisadas referências dos seguintes autores: Kleiman (1989), Goodman (1967), Solé (2008) e Orlandi (1996), como suporte teórico para leitura, com enfoque no ensino; em relação ao gênero textual científico, tomou-se como base escritos de Kleiman (2000), Halliday & Hassan (1985) e Silva (2007); quanto às estratégias de leitura, referenciou-se em Solé (2008) e Oliveira (2010); sobre as estratégias de leitura do texto científico, foram analisados estudos de Marcushi (2008) e Oliveira (2010). O objetivo é averiguar questões sobre a leitura e ensino, visando à proposição de estratégias de leitura do texto científico no ensino. A abordagem metodológica, do ponto de vista dos procedimentos técnicos, parte-se de um enfoque argumentativo de caráter bibliográfico e aplica-se a estratégia a um texto científico como exemplificação. O estudo apresentado compõe parte do resultado de discussões do Grupo de Pesquisa “Linguagem, Ensino e Cognição”, vinculado ao Programa de Mestrado de Ensino de Ciência e Tecnologia, da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus de Ponta Grossa - PR

Efeito fungicida agrícola dos extratos florais de Bauhinia variegata, B. forficata e B. purpurea

Bauhinia is a botanical genus widely distributed in parts of Asia and South America. The plant bears beautiful and aromatic flowers that add ornamental beauty to parks and gardens, in addition to being used in medicine and ayurverda. This study aimed to evaluate the floral ethanolic extract of B. variegata, B. forficata and B. purpurea in fungal inhibition against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum. Flowers were harvested in 2021 and 2022. The floral ethanolic extract was produced by the static maceration method. The antifungal activity was performed by the agar diffusion method at different extract s;concentrations. Bauhinia floral extracts showed a potential fungicidal effect on fungal species evaluated in particular for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, followed by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum.Bauhinia es un género botánico ampliamente distribuido en Asia y América del Sur. Presenta hermosas y aromáticas flores que se utilizan en la forestación de parques y jardines, además de ser utilizadas en medicina y ayurverda. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el extracto etanólico floral de B. variegata, B. forficata y B. purpurea en términos de capacidad de inhibición fúngica sobre Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y Colletotrichum acutatum. Las flores se cosecharon en 2021 y 2022. El extracto etanólico floral se produjo por el método de maceración estática. La actividad antifúngica se realizó por el método de difusión en agar a diferentes concentraciones de extracto. Los extractos florales de Bauhinia mostraron un efecto fungicida sobre las especies fúngicas evaluadas en particular para Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, seguida de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y Colletotrichum acutatum.Bauhinia é um gênero botânico amplamente distribuído na Ásia e na América do Sul. Apresenta belas e aromáticas flores sendo utilizadas na arborização de parques e jardins, além de serem empregadas na medicina e ayurverda. Este estudo teve por objetivo, avaliar o extrato etanólico floral de B. variegata, B. forficata e B. purpurea quanto a capacidade de inibição fúngica sobre Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e Colletotrichum acutatum. Flores foram colhidas em 2021 e 2022. O extrato etanólico floral foi produzido pelo método de maceração estática. A atividade antifúngica foi realizada pelo método de difusão em ágar em diferentes cocnentrações de extrato. Os extratos florais de Bauhinia demonstraram efeito fungicida sobre as espécies fúngicas avaliadas em especial para Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, seguido de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e Colletotrichum acutatum

First report of Laternea dringii, Phallales (Agaricomycetes) in the Central-West, State of Goiás, Brazil

Laternea dringii, a species of the phylum Basidiomycota, is notable for its distribution in tropical and neotropical regions. This study, conducted in the Cerrado area of Central-West Brazil, State of Goiás, reports the first record of L. dringii in this region. The study site, a farm with over 90 years of agricultural production, features moist soils rich in organic matter. In January 2024, specimens of L. dringii were collected, photographed, and identified using microscopic data and a key for the genus Laternea. This finding represents a significant expansion in the known distribution of L. dringii, previously documented only in Mexico and some Brazilian states. The discovery underscores the mycological diversity of the Brazilian Cerrado and contributes to a better understanding of the geographical distribution of fungi from the phylum Basidiomycota in Brazil

Bone Radiographic Changes in Slaughter Buffalos with Low Body Condition Index

Background: The largest buffalo herd in Brazil is located on the Island of Marajó, in the State of Pará, northern Brazil. The pastures of the Island of Marajó consist of low quality graminaceous plants, which are generally poor in protein and mineral content. Unbalanced diets associated with low quality pastures are responsible for latent, sub-clinical diseases and metabolic disorders in bovines which affect bone health, especially in periods such as pregnancy and lactation. The purpose of this study was to point out and to describe the radiographic bone changes of buffalos with low body index bred in extensive system and intended for slaughter on the Island of Marajó, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Radiographic examinations of anatomical pieces were obtained from 34 animals of buffalo species, with no distinction of gender, age, or breed. The animals were selected among those that were in the stockyard waiting for slaughtering for the obtainment of the anatomical pieces. For this selection, low physical condition was considered, which mainly included individuals with body condition indexes (ICC) of 1 and 2, on a scale of 1 to 5. From this selection, 98 anatomical pieces were obtained, which included: 28 sets of ribs, 20 femurs, 26 metacarpus, 7 mandibles, 3 radius and ulnas, 4 sets of vertebrae, 4 sets of metacarpus and phalanges, 1 tarsus and 1 set of tarsus and metatarsus. All the pieces were separated, identified, packed in plastic bag and forwarded to the radiographic study. At least one radiographic projection was obtained of each anatomical piece. These were identified, manually processed and stored for subsequent assessment. A single observer, in order to identify and to describe the bone radiographic changes, subjectively performed the radiographic assessment.Discussion: Bone changes were remarkable and in animals of this study, reinforcing the nutritional aspect as being of great importance for the perfect mineral homeostasis and for the osteoarticular system maintenance. Consistent radiographic findings with osteopenia are most often related to nutritional disorders that affect bone metabolism, mainly involving the homeostasis of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The nutritional hyperparathyroidism, more commonly reported in dogs, cats and exotic animals is a common example of these affections, in which the bone radiopacity reduction is the most evident radiographic aspect. Copper (Cu) deficiency has been correlated with osteochondrosis, epiphyseal fracture of the femoral head and degenerative arthropathy of the hip joint, and erosion of the articular cartilage in a deer (Cervu selaphus). Degenerative arthropathy through radiographs was also found in this study. From the bone radiographic analysis, it is concluded that the osteodystrophic diseases of buffalos raised in pasture system on the Island of Marajó, Pará, Brazil, present a variety of pathological conditions and the most commonly found were: osteoporosis characterized at the radiographic examination for the bone decreased radiopacity, change in bone trabeculae (medullary expansion) and cortical thinning, followed by pathological fractures with high incidence in the ribs. The low body condition, the underdevelopment and cachexia states of the animals in this study indicate the lack of an appropriate prophylactic conduct and a proper feed management. Therefore, the low reserves of P and Cu in the organism may have contributed to the osteoporotic process and, possibly, also to the protein-energy deficit, leading to secondary bone changes and causing a lack of productivity in the herd

Individual And Contextual Factors Related To Dental Caries In Underprivileged Brazilian Adolescents

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Background: Investigate the individual and contextual variables related to caries in underprivileged adolescents, and the disparity in distribution of the disease. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study, conducted in the city of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, in 2012. The probabilistic sample was composed of 1,179 adolescents from 15-19 years of age, randomly selected from 21 state schools and 34 Primary Health Units - Family Health (PHU-FH). The dependent variables studied were number of decayed teeth and caries experience (DMFT). The independent variables were classified into individual (clinical, sociodemographic, psychosocial, self-perception, impact on oral health, access to services, and quality of life) and contextual (social exclusion index, total number of residents in suburb, literacy rate, and the following variables given in percentages: residences in the home ownership category, provision of domestic sewerage, trash collection, families with income of over 1 minimum wage per month, and families without monthly income) variables. The multilevel regression model was estimated by the PROC GLIMMIX (Generalized Linear Models-Mixed) procedure, considering the individual variables as Level 1 and the contextual variables of the suburbs as Level 2. Adjustment of the model was evaluated by -2 Res Log Likelihood with alpha = 0.05. Results: As regards the individual variables, adolescents who declared having a prison inmate in the Family and resided in homes with a larger number of persons, showed a higher number of decayed teeth. There were a larger number of decayed teeth, a higher DMFT value, and worse self-perception as regards the health of their teeth and mouth. Other variables, such as being of the female gender, age and time since last visit to the dentist were related to the DMFT index. As regards the contextual variables, the DMFT was lower in suburbs with greater access to domestic sewage, and the number of decayed teeth was higher in suburbs with the worst social exclusion indices. Conclusion: Individual and contextual variables were associated with the presence of caries and DMFT index in underprivileged adolescents, indicating that they must be taken into consideration in the formulation of policies directed towards oral health promotion and prevention activities in this group.15Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [2011/03657-5, 2011/01768-4

EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA E TRATAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS APLICADO À SERRARIA DE QUARTZITO NA PARAÍBA

Com o crescimento acentuado da construção civil, o comércio de rochas ornamentais sofreu um forte aumento nos últimos anos, dentre estas está inserido o Quartzito. Rocha com suas particularidades características e de variadas aplicabilidades, é encontrada em diversas cores e em abundância no município de Junco do Seridó na Mesorregião do estado da Paraíba. Com o aumento do beneficiamento do Quartzito, consequentemente, tem acrescido a quantidade de resíduos gerados e a problemática de sua destinação correta. A busca da reutilização desses resíduos no processo produtivo das fabricas que beneficiam essas rochas vem aumentado, tanto pelo incremento econômico quanto pela preservação ambiental. Desta forma, neste trabalho objetiva-se caracterizar os resíduos gerados no beneficiamento do Quartzito e propor soluções de tratamento e alternativas de aplicabilidade para estes

First report of Calvatia fragilis Fr. (Basidiomycota) in Central-West Brazil

Calvatia fragilis, a species belonging to the Basidiomycota phylum, is noted for its presence in tropical and neotropical regions. However, this fungus has been scarcely documented in natural habitats in Brazil. The present study aims to enhance the understanding of the geographical distribution of Calvatia fragilis, reporting the first record of this species in a Cerrado ecosystem, specifically in the Brazilian Midwest, in the State of Goiás. The discovery site is an area dedicated to agricultural production, characterized by a red dystroferric clay soil. In December 2023, specimens of Calvatia fragilis were collected in this region. The gathered basidiomes were meticulously catalogued and identified using a specific identification key for the Calvatia genus. Prior to this study, records of the species were limited to the States of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Rio Grande do Sul. This research expands the knowledge on the distribution of Calvatia fragilis, now including the State of Goiás among the Brazilian areas where this fungus occurs

Socioeconomic And Family Influences On Dental Treatment Needs Among Brazilian Underprivileged Schoolchildren Participating In A Dental Health Program.

The objective of this study was to compare the socioeconomic and family characteristics of underprivileged schoolchildren with and without curative dental needs participating in a dental health program. A random sample of 1411 of 8-to-10 year-old Brazilian schoolchildren was examined and two sample groups were included in the cross-sectional study: 544 presented curative dental needs and the other 867 schoolchildren were without curative dental needs. The schoolchildren were examined for the presence of caries lesions using the DMFT index and their parents were asked to answer questions about socioenvironmental characteristics of their families. Logistic regression models were adjusted estimating the Odds Ratios (OR), their 95% confidence intervals (CI), and significance levels. After adjusting for potential confounders, it was found that families earning more than one Brazilian minimum wage, having fewer than four residents in the house, families living in homes owned by them, and children living with both biological parents were protective factors for the presence of dental caries, and consequently, curative dental needs. Socioeconomic status and family structure influences the curative dental needs of children from underprivileged communities. In this sense, dental health programs should plan and implement strategic efforts to reduce inequities in oral health status and access to oral health services of vulnerable schoolchildren and their families.135

Reorganização da demanda para atendimento odontológico no município de Amparo/SP: o desafio de garantir o acesso equânime às ações de saúde bucal

Objetivo: planejar o acesso ao atendimento odontológico de forma eqüitativa e integrar toda a equipe com a proposta de saúde bucal para atendimento familiar. Metodologia: este trabalho relata a experiência de reorganização do processo de trabalho da saúde bucal de uma unidade de saúde da família na cidade de Amparo, SP, discutindo em equipe sobre a problemática da saúde bucal na unidade, levantando os dados da lista de espera, e elaborando um instrumento de avaliação de risco onde se buscou a construção de um instrumento que possibilitasse ordenar prioritariamente as famílias com maior necessidade de atendimento e que pudesse ser utilizado por qualquer profissional da equipe. Cada individuo da família foi avaliado e pontuado numa graduação de 1 a 3, em relação aos critérios idade, condição bucal e saúde geral. Posteriormente foi feita uma somatória da pontuação de todas as pessoas da família e realizada uma média. Esta média foi somada a uma nota familiar que considera a condição sócio-econômica e moradia. A necessidade sentida pelo usuário também foi considerada na nota familiar. Resultados: obteve-se um instrumento de avaliação em saúde bucal simples, de fácil compreensão e manuseio e que fez do Agente Comunitário de Saúde, em especial, um elo de ligação entre o paciente e a equipe; uma lista de espera mais equânime, reorientação das triagens familiares, caracterização da busca de atendimento por micro-áreas, para planejamento de atividades educativas, diminuição do número de urgências e maior integração entre os profissionais da equipe. Conclusão: observou-se durante os trabalhos, além da reorganização da demanda e da faixa etária atendida, que até 2001 era prioritária para gestantes e crianças até 14 anos, restringindo assim o acesso dos adultos e consequentemente limitando os programas de saúde e com a implantação das Equipes de Saúde Bucal na Estratégia de Saúde da Família, houve um ganho de qualidade para os usuários e também para os profissionais da unidade que passaram a compreender melhor, questões mais específicas da odontologia e contribuíram com seus conhecimentos e percepções na construção da ficha de avaliação e na reorientação do fluxo, trazendo as questões odontológicas mais para perto do dia-a-dia da equipe. Houve também uma satisfação da equipe em oferecer resposta às famílias que aguardavam na lista de espera. Palavras-chave: Reorganização da Demanda; Planejamento; Acesso ao Atendimento Odontológico; Atendimento Familiar

Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome associated with chikungunya and dengue virus co-infection

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-09-19T16:55:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosario MS Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome....pdf: 514736 bytes, checksum: 2d645cdbe4121ce8c8d637e1a2c7ed2d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-09-19T17:27:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosario MS Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome....pdf: 514736 bytes, checksum: 2d645cdbe4121ce8c8d637e1a2c7ed2d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-19T17:27:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosario MS Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome....pdf: 514736 bytes, checksum: 2d645cdbe4121ce8c8d637e1a2c7ed2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 CNPq-National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (302584/2015-3) and MCTI-Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation/FINEP–Funding Authority for Studies and Projects/FNDCT–National Fund for the Development of Science and Technology (04160060-00/2016) Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Secretaria Estadual da Saúde da Bahia. Hospital Geral Roberto Santos. Salvador, BA, Brasil Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / University of Rome Tor Vergata. Rome, Italy Secretaria Estadual da Saúde da Bahia. Hospital Geral Roberto Santos. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, Brasil Secretaria Estadual da Saúde da Bahia. Hospital Geral Roberto Santos. Salvador, BA, Brasil University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, UK Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro de Tecnologia e Inovação. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro de Tecnologia e Inovação. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro de Tecnologia e Inovação. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMAS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by irregular multidirectional eye movements, myoclonus, cerebellar ataxia, sleep disturbances, and cognitive dysfunction. Although most commonly related to paraneoplastic syndrome, this condition has occasionally been described following infectious illnesses. This article reports the first case of OMAS in association with chikungunya and dengue virus co-infection. The genetic analysis identified chikungunya virus of East/Central/South African genotype and dengue serotype 4 virus of genotype II. This report represents an unusual clinical syndrome associated with viral co-infection and reinforces the need for clinical vigilance with regard to neurological syndromes in the context of emergent arboviruses